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Author: Anna Szymanski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Marine algae Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Sea ice algae are an essential part of Arctic and subarctic ecosystems. They significantly contribute to total algal primary production, serve as an early spring food source for both pelagic and benthic biota, and can seed the spring phytoplankton bloom during periods of ice melt. In the subarctic Bering Sea, virtually nothing has been known about the composition of the ice algal community, its magnitude, and its connection to pelagic and benthic ecosystems. This study, therefore, focused on the diversity, abundance, and ultimate fate of ice algae in the Bering Sea using sea ice, water and sub-ice sediment trap samples collected during two spring periods: ice growth (March to mid-April) and ice melt (mid-April to May) in 2008 and 2009. Ice algal species composition was comparable to those in Arctic regions. The phytoplankton species inventory was similar to that found in the overlying ice, suggesting that the spring phytoplankton were seeded from the ice algae. Algal abundance in the ice was on average three orders of magnitude higher than in the water column throughout both periods, as the extensive Bering Sea ice cover in 2008-2009 delayed the phytoplankton bloom. There was a substantial increase in the vertical flux of algal cells beneath the ice during the period of ice melt, but measurable amounts appeared as early as mid-March. The majority of this flux was composed of healthy algal cells, making it a rich food source for benthic organisms. Differences in the relative species composition between ice and trap samples indicate that algal fate was influenced by the species specific sinking rate of algal cells, among other factors, in the water column. In conclusion, ice algae in the Bering Sea are diverse and abundant, and contribute to both pelagic and benthic systems.
Author: Anna Szymanski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Marine algae Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Sea ice algae are an essential part of Arctic and subarctic ecosystems. They significantly contribute to total algal primary production, serve as an early spring food source for both pelagic and benthic biota, and can seed the spring phytoplankton bloom during periods of ice melt. In the subarctic Bering Sea, virtually nothing has been known about the composition of the ice algal community, its magnitude, and its connection to pelagic and benthic ecosystems. This study, therefore, focused on the diversity, abundance, and ultimate fate of ice algae in the Bering Sea using sea ice, water and sub-ice sediment trap samples collected during two spring periods: ice growth (March to mid-April) and ice melt (mid-April to May) in 2008 and 2009. Ice algal species composition was comparable to those in Arctic regions. The phytoplankton species inventory was similar to that found in the overlying ice, suggesting that the spring phytoplankton were seeded from the ice algae. Algal abundance in the ice was on average three orders of magnitude higher than in the water column throughout both periods, as the extensive Bering Sea ice cover in 2008-2009 delayed the phytoplankton bloom. There was a substantial increase in the vertical flux of algal cells beneath the ice during the period of ice melt, but measurable amounts appeared as early as mid-March. The majority of this flux was composed of healthy algal cells, making it a rich food source for benthic organisms. Differences in the relative species composition between ice and trap samples indicate that algal fate was influenced by the species specific sinking rate of algal cells, among other factors, in the water column. In conclusion, ice algae in the Bering Sea are diverse and abundant, and contribute to both pelagic and benthic systems.
Author: Oran R. Young Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303025674X Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
Governing Arctic Seas introduces the concept of ecopolitical regions, using in-depth analyses of the Bering Strait and Barents Sea Regions to demonstrate how integrating the natural sciences, social sciences and Indigenous knowledge can reveal patterns, trends and processes as the basis for informed decisionmaking. This book draws on international, interdisciplinary and inclusive (holistic) perspectives to analyze governance mechanisms, built infrastructure and their coupling to achieve sustainability in biophysical regions subject to shared authority. Governing Arctic Seas is the first volume in a series of books on Informed Decisionmaking for Sustainability that apply, train and refine science diplomacy to address transboundary issues at scales ranging from local to global. For nations and peoples as well as those dealing with global concerns, this holistic process operates across a ‘continuum of urgencies’ from security time scales (mitigating risks of political, economic and cultural instabilities that are immediate) to sustainability time scales (balancing economic prosperity, environmental protection and societal well-being across generations). Informed decisionmaking is the apex goal, starting with questions that generate data as stages of research, integrating decisionmaking institutions to employ evidence to reveal options (without advocacy) that contribute to informed decisions. The first volumes in the series focus on the Arctic, revealing legal, economic, environmental and societal lessons with accelerating knowledge co-production to achieve progress with sustainability in this globally-relevant region that is undergoing an environmental state change in the sea and on land. Across all volumes, there is triangulation to integrate research, education and leadership as well as science, technology and innovation to elaborate the theory, methods and skills of informed decisionmaking to build common interests for the benefit of all on Earth.
Author: Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030374726 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
The book on sea ice ecology is the ecology of sea ice algae and other microorganism as bacteria, meiofauna, and viruses residing inside or at the bottom of the sea ice, called the sympagic biota. Organisms as seals, fish, birds, and Polar bears relies on sea ice but are not part of this biota. A distinct feature of this ecosystem, is the disappearance (melt) every summer and re-establishing in autumn and winter. The book is organized seasonally describing the physical, optical, biological, and geochemical conditions typical of the seasons: autumn, winter, and spring. These are exemplified with case studies based on author’s fieldwork in Greenland, the Arctic Ocean, and Antarctica but focused on Arctic conditions. The sea ice ecosystem is described in the context of climate change, interests, and effects of a decreasing summer ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. The book contains an up to date description of most relevant methods and techniques applied in sea ice ecology research. This book will appeal to university students at Masters or PhD levels reading biology, geosciences, and chemistry.
Author: Jacqueline M. Grebmeier Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9401788634 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
The Pacific Arctic region is experiencing rapid sea ice retreat, seawater warming, ocean acidification and biological response. Physical and biogeochemical modeling indicates the potential for step-function changes to the overall marine ecosystem. This synthesis book was coordinated within the Pacific Arctic Group, a network of international partners working in the Pacific Arctic. Chapter topics range from atmospheric and physical sciences to chemical processing and biological response to changing environmental conditions. Physical and biogeochemical modeling results highlight the need for data collection and interdisciplinary modeling activities to track and forecast the changing ecosystem of the Pacific Arctic with climate change.
Author: Horner Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351084992 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
Investigators from a number of countries have been studying the ice community and experimental information is now available from a number of geographic areas. This includes ecological data as well as community and species specific physiological information. The literature on ice biota is scattered, being found in scientific journals, research and technical reports, symposia proceedings, M. S. theses and Ph.D. dissertations, meeting abstracts, and books on topics ranging from algal ecology to regional oceanography. Much of the material has not been published and some is available only in proprietry or difficult to obtain reports. The purpose of this book is to bring the data and references together in one place and to provide state of the art information on these little known, but ecologically important, polar communities.
Author: Simon Jungblut Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030203891 Category : Aquatic biology Languages : en Pages : 378
Book Description
This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .
Author: Paul F. J. Wassmann Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 288971229X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
The Topic Editors Paul F. J. Wassmann, dorte Krause-Jensen, Markus A. Janout, and Bodil Annikki Bluhm declare that they are collaborating with pan-arctic community.
Author: Alan Simcock Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316510018 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 978
Book Description
This United Nations report examines the current state of knowledge of the world's oceans, for policymakers, and provides a reference for marine science courses.
Author: Anna Szymanski
Author: Anna Szymanski
Author: Oran R. Young
Author: Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen
Author: Adam Jerold Reed
Author: Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Author: Katrin Linse
Author: Horner
Author: Simon Jungblut
Author: Paul F. J. Wassmann
Author: Alan Simcock