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Author: B. Neerdael Publisher: ISBN: 9789201060099 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This publication explores disposal approaches for long-lived low and intermediate level radioactive waste. It provides an overview of possible disposal concepts and facilities to be considered for accepting long lived waste, advises on the key factors to be considered when selecting the appropriate disposal approach, and outlines the procedure for selecting the relevant strategy for disposal of long-lived low and intermediate level waste. The information provided on these issues will be useful to decision makers, regulatory authorise, and those individuals or institutions that are interested in planning a national system for the long-term management of long-lived low and intermediate level waste.
Author: B. Neerdael Publisher: ISBN: 9789201060099 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This publication explores disposal approaches for long-lived low and intermediate level radioactive waste. It provides an overview of possible disposal concepts and facilities to be considered for accepting long lived waste, advises on the key factors to be considered when selecting the appropriate disposal approach, and outlines the procedure for selecting the relevant strategy for disposal of long-lived low and intermediate level waste. The information provided on these issues will be useful to decision makers, regulatory authorise, and those individuals or institutions that are interested in planning a national system for the long-term management of long-lived low and intermediate level waste.
Author: Gene Aloise Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 9781422317075 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
There have been reports on limitations in the mgmt. of U.S. low-level radioactive waste (LLRW). To identify potential approaches to overcome these limitations, the author examined the extent to which other countries have: LLRW inventory databases; timely removal of higher-activity LLRW from waste generator sites; disposition options for all LLRW; & requirements that LLRW generators have financial reserves to cover waste disposition costs, as well as any other approaches that might improve U.S. LLRW mgmt. The author surveyed 18 countries representing leading LLRW generators to identify their mgmt. approaches & to compare them with U.S. survey results & with approaches by LLRW generators, disposal operators, & regulators in the U.S. Ill.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309184584 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.
Author: Christian Streffer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642229255 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 474
Book Description
Radioactive waste (above all highly radioactive wastes from nuclear installations) caused by research, medicine and technology must be disposed of safely. However both the strategies disputed for the disposal of radioactive waste as well as concrete proposals for choosing a location for final waste disposal are highly debatable. An appropriate disposal must conform to both complex, technical requirements and fulfill the radio-biological conditions to appropriately protect man and nature. Ethical, legal and social conditions must also be considered. An interdisciplinary team from various, relevant fields compiled the current status-quo and developed criteria and strategies, which on the one hand meet the requirements of optimal warning and prevention of risk for present and future generations, and additionally on the other hand meet the needs of what current society agrees what is expected to be allowed. This study can be understood as an advanced and continuing contribution to the corresponding scientific specialized debates, due to its interdisciplinary treatment. At the same time it serves as a fundamentally informing contribution to public and political debates, offering an easily comprehensible executive summary and precise content recommendations.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309073170 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Author: Michael I. Ojovan Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080455719 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Safety and environmental impact is of uppermost concern when dealing with the movement and storage of nuclear waste. The 20 chapters in 'An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation' cover all important aspects of immobilisation, from nuclear decay, to regulations, to new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used in transport: cement, bitumen and glass, with the greatest attention being given to glass. The last chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of each matrix, and on new developments of ceramics and glass composite materials, thermochemical methods and in-situ metal matrix immobilisation. The book thoroughly covers all issues surrounding nuclear waste: from where to locate nuclear waste in the environment, through nuclear waste generation and sources, treatment schemes and technologies, immobilisation technologies and waste forms, disposal and long term behaviour. Particular attention is paid to internationally approved and worldwide-applied approaches and technologies.* Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilisation: Cement, bitumen, glass and new materials.* Keeps the most important issues surrounding nuclear waste – such as treatment schemes and technologies, and disposal - at the forefront.
Author: European Communities Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A comparison of the strategies for the management of radioactive waste is the subjet of the project Compas (Comparison of alternative waste management strategies for long-lived radioactive wastes). The project addressed the policies and strategies for the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and long-lived radioactive wastes, namely high-level waste from processing (HLW) and long-lived low and intermediate level waste (LL-LILW) , that have been developed in many of the EU Member States, Switzerland and many of the applicant countries. The comparison reflects the status of the national strategies on 1 September 2003. The report of the project addresses four aspects: - the wastes to be managed and ways of changing their properties; - the issues that have played a major role in influencing the strategies that have been adopted; - generic strategies that have been adopted or are being considered; - the issues that have been important in determining the acceptability of waste management options to stakeholders outside the nuclear industry and the main elements of the processes associated with options that are being successfully implemented or are being proposed for the future. Nearly all the countries that have participated in the propject have adopted deep geological disposal as the preferred long-term management option for spent nuclear fuel (that is not consigned for reprocessing), high-Ievel waste and long-lived radioactive waste. This option has been selected on the basis that the safety of a store for an indefinite period cannot be established and all the options that involve placing the waste away from land masses are either prohibited by international conventions or the uncertainties are considered to be too great. However, there are different perceptions of the urgency for implementing deep geological disposal that depend on national policies and social, logistical and economic issues. The incorporation of the requirement for disposal in national legislation has been an important factor in its early implementation in some countries.
Author: Michael J Apted Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081006527 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 804
Book Description
Geological Repository Systems for Safe Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuels and Radioactive Waste, Second Edition, critically reviews state-of-the-art technologies and scientific methods relating to the implementation of the most effective approaches to the long-term, safe disposition of nuclear waste, also discussing regulatory developments and social engagement approaches as major themes. Chapters in Part One introduce the topic of geological disposal, providing an overview of near-surface, intermediate depth, and deep borehole disposal, spanning low-, medium- and high-level wastes. Part Two addresses the different types of repository systems – crystalline, clay, and salt, also discussing methods of site surveying and construction. The critical safety issue of engineered barrier systems is the focus of Part Three, with coverage ranging from nuclear waste canisters, to buffer and backfill materials. Lastly, Parts Four and Five focus on safety, security, and acceptability, concentrating on repository performance assessment, then radiation protection, environmental monitoring, and social engagement. Comprehensively revised, updated, and expanded with 25% new material on topics of current importance, this is the standard reference for all nuclear waste management and geological repository professionals and researchers. - Contains 25% more material on topics of current importance in this new, comprehensive edition - Fully updated coverage of both near-surface/intermediate depth, and deep borehole disposal in one convenient volume - Goes beyond the scientific and technical aspects of disposal to include the political, regulatory, and societal issues involved, all from an international perspective
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: IAEA ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Author: B. Neerdael
Author: B. Neerdael
Author: Gene Aloise
Author: National Research Council
Author: Christian Streffer
Author: National Research Council
Author: Michael I. Ojovan
Author: European Communities
Author: Michael J Apted
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Geotechnical Laboratory (U.S.)