Dispersal and Distributions in the Era of Global Change PDF Download

Author: Hanna Marie McCaslin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : American kestrel
Languages : en
Pages : 152

View

Book Description
"Dispersal is a critical process influencing population dynamics, and patterns of dispersal movement impact species distribution and abundance and have important evolutionary and ecological consequences. In particular, long-distance dispersal (LDD) can be especially important for gene flow and adaptability, although little is known about the mechanisms of LDD because of the challenges of studying large-scale animal movement. Global change is driving selection for new movement patterns in animals by stressing physiological tolerances and affecting the dynamics of biotic interactions. This is resulting in shifts in species distributions that are widespread across taxa. The distributions of migratory bird species are shifting heterogeneously, and multidirectional shifts are inconsistent with unidirectional climate niche tracking hypotheses. We studied correlates of natal LDD using bird banding data for American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the United States and Canada from 1960-2015. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to investigate temporal trends and the effects of sex, migration strategy, weather, and landcover on LDD frequency and distance and understand potential sampling bias. We also studied the directions and correlates of shifts in breeding distributions for 73 avian species and subspecies from 1994-2017 using the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We modeled regional changes over time in breeding abundance centroid and investigated the effects of abundance trends and migratory, habitat, and dietary traits on these shifts."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96

View

Book Description
Species distribution models are increasingly being applied to questions in ecology, biogeography and evolution, and in particular to the problem of predicting the potential spread of invasive species and the potential impacts of climatic change on biodiversity. However, despite their broad application, several conceptual limitations still preclude the use of species distribution models in many theoretical and practical applications. Chief among these is the assumption that climate alone determines the geographic ranges of species, as opposed to biotic interactions and dispersal limitations, and that such species climate relationships remain largely unchanged across space and time. In this context, I explore the degree to which climate constrains the distributions of species and how such relationships change during biological invasions and under climate change. I first examine whether species-climate relationships are conserved during the invasion of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) and find evidence, in contrast to model assumptions, that invasive species can undergo rapid niche shifts during invasive spread and that this result is robust to variable selection. Next, I explore the degree to which migration constraints may limit the ability of Banksia (Proteaceae) species endemic to southwestern Australia to respond to climate change. I find that migration constraints may not represent a major factor in determining future patterns of biodiversity in this region as ranges of most species were projected to collapse rather than shift and that this result was consistent across different scenarios of future climate. Finally, I investigate the relative importance of dispersal limitation (as implied by seed dispersal mode) and contemporary climate in determining of patterns of biodiversity for 2543 species of plants in southwestern Australia. In contrast to the predicted relationship, I find that the distributions of dispersal-limited species were less constrained by dispersal and more constrained by climate than the distributions of ostensibly more vagile species. Taken together, these studies suggest, in strong contrast with model assumptions, that species climate-relationships can change, sometimes rapidly, under environmental change such that future patterns of biodiversity and biological invasions may not be readily predictable from current distributions of species.

Author: Marcel Holyoak
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226350649
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 527

View

Book Description
Takes the hallmarks of metapopulation theory to the next level by considering a group of communities, each of which may contain numerous populations, connected by species interactions within communities and the movement of individuals between communities. This book seeks to understand how communities work in fragmented landscapes.

Author: Sébastien Erpicum
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498781497
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1101

View

Book Description
In an increasingly urbanized world, water systems must be designed and operated according to innovative standards in terms of climate adaptation, resource efficiency, sustainability and resilience. This grand challenge triggers unprecedented questions for hydro-environment research and engineering. Shifts in paradigms are urgently needed in the way we view (circular) water systems, water as a renewable energy (production and storage), risk management of floods, storms, sea level rise and droughts, as well as their consequences on water quality, morphodynamics (e.g., reservoir sedimentation, scour, sustainability of deltas) and the environment. Addressing these issues requires a deep understanding of basic processes in fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, surface and groundwater flow, among others.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309044944
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321

View

Book Description
Global environmental change often seems to be the most carefully examined issue of our time. Yet understanding the human sideâ€"human causes of and responses to environmental changeâ€"has not yet received sustained attention. Global Environmental Change offers a strategy for combining the efforts of natural and social scientists to better understand how our actions influence global change and how global change influences us. The volume is accessible to the nonscientist and provides a wide range of examples and case studies. It explores how the attitudes and actions of individuals, governments, and organizations intertwine to leave their mark on the health of the planet. The book focuses on establishing a framework for this new field of study, identifying problems that must be overcome if we are to deepen our understanding of the human dimensions of global change, presenting conclusions and recommendations.

Author: Therese M. Poland
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030453677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 455

View

Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.

Author: Stephane Hallegatte
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464806748
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 227

View

Book Description
Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Author: Anders Pape Møller
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199569746
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 332

View

Book Description
"Effects of Climate Change on Birds provides an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of the science of climate change as it relates to birds." -- Back cover.

Author: A. J. Stattersfield
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiversity conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 860

View

Book Description
More than a quarter of bird species are concentrated in areas that together make up just one per cent of the earth's land surface. These restricted range species include almost three-quarters of all threatened birds. BirdLife International has identified 218 Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs), which hold at least two restricted range species, although some support more than 60. EBAs provide a reasonable overlap with the biodiversity hotspots identified by other conservation organisations, and are a focus for conservation action. At the heart of this book are descriptions of all 218 EBAs, including key habitats, major threats and conservation initiatives and a detailed map. Tables list the restricted-range bird species present, with their global status, habitat requirements and distribution. Introductory sections present global and regional overviews. The authors discuss the wider conservation relevance of EBAs, including why birds are good indicators of biodiversity, and how EBAs can be used effectively to influence policy-makers. A comprehensive overview of the regions of the world that support the vast majority of our imperilled and vulnerable birds - Birding. biodiversity - The Quarterly Review of Biology. The ultimate guide to range-restricted birds. Conservation managers, ecologists and birders alike will want to own this unprecedented work - Conservation Biology. The ultimate 'where to watch birds' - BBC Wildlife.

Author: Paul J. Beggs
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107048931
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 227

View

Book Description
The authoritative assessment of the many climate change impacts on allergens and allergic diseases, for researchers, clinicians, students.