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Author: Paul T. Jaeger Publisher: Lynne Rienner Pub ISBN: 9781588268280 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
From websites to mobile devices, cyberspace has revolutionized the lived experience of disability - frequently for better, but sometimes for worse. Paul Jaeger offers a sweeping examination of the complex and often contradictory relationships between people with disabilities and the Internet. Tracing the historical and legal evolution of the digital disability divide in the realms of education, work, social life, and culture, and also exploring avenues of policy reform and technology development, Jaeger connects individual experiences with the larger story of technology's promise and limitations for providing equal access online.
Author: Paul T. Jaeger Publisher: Lynne Rienner Pub ISBN: 9781588268280 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
From websites to mobile devices, cyberspace has revolutionized the lived experience of disability - frequently for better, but sometimes for worse. Paul Jaeger offers a sweeping examination of the complex and often contradictory relationships between people with disabilities and the Internet. Tracing the historical and legal evolution of the digital disability divide in the realms of education, work, social life, and culture, and also exploring avenues of policy reform and technology development, Jaeger connects individual experiences with the larger story of technology's promise and limitations for providing equal access online.
Author: Gerard Goggin Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN: 0742577015 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
Media representation of and for the disabled has been recharged in recent years with the expansion of new media worldwide. Interactive digital communications—such as the Internet, new varieties of voice and text telephones, and digital broadcasting—have created a need for a more innovative understanding of new media and disability issues. This engaging analysis offers a global perspective on how people with disabilities are represented as users, consumers, viewers, or listeners of new media, by policymakers, corporations, programmers, and the disabled themselves.
Author: Elizabeth Ellcessor Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 1479867438 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
How reconsidering digital media and participatory cultures from the standpoint of disability allows for a full understanding of accessibility. While digital media can offer many opportunities for civic and cultural participation, this technology is not equally easy for everyone to use. Hardware, software, and cultural expectations combine to make some technologies an easier fit for some bodies than for others. A YouTube video without closed captions or a social network site that is incompatible with a screen reader can restrict the access of users who are hard of hearing or visually impaired. Often, people with disabilities require accommodation, assistive technologies, or other forms of aid to make digital media accessible—useable—for them. Restricted Access investigates digital media accessibility—the processes by which media is made usable by people with particular needs—and argues for the necessity of conceptualizing access in a way that will enable greater participation in all forms of mediated culture. Drawing on disability and cultural studies, Elizabeth Ellcessor uses an interrogatory framework based around issues of regulation, use, content, form, and experience to examine contemporary digital media. Through interviews with policy makers and accessibility professionals, popular culture and archival materials, and an ethnographic study of internet use by people with disabilities, Ellcessor reveals the assumptions that undergird contemporary technologies and participatory cultures. Restricted Access makes the crucial point that if digital media open up opportunities for individuals to create and participate, but that technology only facilitates the participation of those who are already privileged, then its progressive potential remains unrealized. Engagingly written with powerful examples, Ellcessor demonstrates the importance of alternate uses, marginalized voices, and invisible innovations in the context of disability identities to push us to rethink digital media accessibility.
Author: Katie Ellis Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136832653 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Disability and New Media examines how digital design is triggering disability when it could be a solution. Video and animation now play a prominent role in the World Wide Web and new types of protocols have been developed to accommodate this increasing complexity. However, as this has happened, the potential for individual users to control how the content is displayed has been diminished. Accessibility choices are often portrayed as merely technical decisions but they are highly political and betray a disturbing trend of ableist assumption that serve to exclude people with disability. It has been argued that the Internet will not be fully accessible until disability is considered a cultural identity in the same way that class, gender and sexuality are. Kent and Ellis build on this notion using more recent Web 2.0 phenomena, social networking sites, virtual worlds and file sharing. Many of the studies on disability and the web have focused on the early web, prior to the development of social networking applications such as Facebook, YouTube and Second Life. This book discusses an array of such applications that have grown within and alongside Web 2.0, and analyzes how they both prevent and embrace the inclusion of people with disability.
Author: Neha Pathakji Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199091889 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The emergence of a decentralized, fragmented, and low-cost Internet opened up possibilities for persons with disabilities to lead an independent and inclusive life, which had been denied to them in the physical world. The virtual world, unlike the physical world, was presumed to be devoid of physical, social, and attitudinal barriers that have historically led to the marginalization and exclusion of persons with disabilities. Yet with advancement in technology, concerns of persons with disabilities to access the Internet were relegated to the background. Since the Internet is largely dominated by corporations, this digital divide cannot be bridged without questioning their role; and corporations, as gatekeepers of the virtual world, need to proactively engage in dismantling barriers to accessing the Internet. Corporations and Disability Rights engages with the contemporary discourse on the nature of the right to access the Internet and contextualizes this right within the framework of emerging disability rights jurisprudence. This book explores the interplay between human rights of persons with disabilities and corporate obligation in a technologically advanced society. It argues that under disability rights jurisprudence, the right to access the Internet is a human right and not merely an enabling right. It bridges the existing normative and regulatory gaps for the effective realization of the right to access the Internet.
Author: Jim Thatcher Publisher: Wrox Press ISBN: Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
Accessibility is about making a website accessible to those with aural, visual or physical disabilities - or rather, constructing websites that don't exclude these people from accessing the content or services being provided.
Book Description
Background: Internet use is an integral part of everyday life in contemporary society, especially among young people. It is used to perform activities in everyday life by an increasing proportion of the population. However, knowledge about access to and use of the internet by adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) is scarce. More knowledge is needed about digital competencies and digital participation in their everyday lives. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe internet access and use, and digital participation in everyday life among adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities. Designs and Methods: The thesis is based on results from three studies. In study I, the focus was on access to and use of the internet in the everyday settings of school/work, at home or during free time. Data was collected through observations, conversations, and follow-up interviews with 15 participants with ID, aged 13–24 years. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. In studies II and III, the design was cross-sectional and comparative, using national surveys on media and internet use from the Swedish Media Council, from which comparative data from reference groups could be gained. In study II, the national survey of adolescents on internet access and use was cognitively adapted for adolescents with intellectual disabilities, aged 13–20 years, in several steps. This made it accessible to a total selection of pupils from all the special schools in four diverse municipalities in two different regions of Sweden. In study III, the national survey of parents about opportunities and risks of internet use by their adolescents was used. The surveys were sent to a sample of n=318 adolescents with ID and their caregivers/parents. The responses were higher for the adolescents (n=114) than for the parents (n=99), and the response rate of the adolescents with ID was equivalent as that of the reference group, at 36% and 38% respectively. In study II, chi-square tests were used and, when necessary, Fisher’s exact test to analyse the data. In study III, analyses were carried out using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Results: This thesis show that access to internet-enabled devices is lower for adolescents with ID than for the general population, except for tablets (study II). All internet activities, except playing games, are performed by fewer adolescents with ID compared to the reference group (study II) and the time spent on the internet activities is less (study III). Both environmental challenges and personal abilities present difficulties in internet access and use (study I) and affect digital participation for adolescents and young adults with ID. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of parents of adolescents with ID perceive opportunities associated with internet use and playing games, and a lower proportion perceive risks with negative consequences, or have concerns about online risks, compared with the reference group (study III). Significantly more parents of adolescents with ID state that their adolescent never uses smartphones or social media compared with the reference group. Strategies used to handle the digital environment and take part in internet activities were found and described, such as getting support from others, reducing the number of internet-enabled devices used and personalising them. Gaining access to internet content and performing internet activities was facilitated by picture-, word- and voice-based strategies, which were used by adolescents and young adults with both mild and moderate ID (study I). Conclusions: The conclusions are that the results show a lag in internet access and use and in digital participation by adolescents and young adults with ID. Adolescents and young adults with ID were accessing and using the internet in similar ways to the reference group, but to a lesser extent. The impact of the participants’ environment, together with their lack of certain abilities, make the development of digital competencies difficult for them. The result that parents of adolescents with ID perceive more opportunities and fewer risks associated with the internet provides new knowledge to support positive risk-taking in internet use and enable digital participation by adolescents and young adults with ID. Support can be developed in collaboration between the adolescent/young adult, their parents and teachers, and staff in community-based services and should involve physical, social and digital environmental adaptations. These can enable the development of digital competencies and minimise the lag in digital participation in everyday life, which is needed for participation in today’s digitalised society. Bakgrund till avhandlingen: Internetanvändning är en integrerad del av vardagen i dagens samhälle, särskilt bland ungdomar. Internet används för att utföra en mängd aktiviteter i vardagen av alltfler personer. Dock är kunskapen om tillgång till, samt användning av internet i vardagliga aktiviteter för ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) bristfällig. Ökad kunskap behövs om digitala kompetenser och digital delaktighet i vardagen för ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Syftet med avhandlingen: Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att utforska och beskriva tillgång till och användning av internet och digital delaktighet i vardagen bland ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Hur studierna genomfördes: Avhandlingen bygger på resultat från tre delstudier. I studie I samlades data in via observationer av och uppföljande intervjuer med 15 deltagare med IF, i åldern 13–24 år. Fokus låg på tillgång till och användning av internet i deras vardagliga miljöer: skola/arbete, hemma eller på fritiden. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studie II och III var designen jämförande tvärsnittsstudier. Nationella enkäter från Statens Medieråd om medie- och internetanvändning användes där jämförande data från referensgrupper kunde erhållas. I studie II gjordes kognitiva anpassningar av den nationella enkäten om medie- och internetanvändning i flera steg för målgruppen ungdomar med IF i åldern 13–20 år. Anpassningen till en lättläst version av enkäten, med bildstöd för de som behövde det, gjorde den möjlig att skicka till ett totalurval av elever från alla särskolor i fyra olika kommuner i två olika regioner i Sverige. I studie III användes den nationella enkäten till föräldrar om möjligheter och risker med internet- och medieanvändning för deras ungdomar. Enkäterna skickades till ett urval av n = 318 ungdomar med IF och deras vårdgivare/förälder. Antalet svar var fler från ungdomarna (n = 114) jämfört med föräldrarna (n = 99), och svarsfrekvensen för ungdomar med IF var i paritet med referensgruppens, med 36% för ungdomar med IF, jämfört med 38% i referensgruppen. I studie II användes chi-två tester och vid behov Fisher’s exakta test, för analys av data. I studie III genomfördes analyser med Fisher’s exakta test och logistisk regression för att kontrollera för confounding faktorer dvs övriga faktorer som kan påverka. Resultaten som framkom i studierna: Resultaten av studierna visar att tillgången till enheter för internetanvändning är lägre för ungdomar med IF än för ungdomar generellt, med undantag för surfplattor (studie II). Alla internet-aktiviteter, utom att spela spel, utförs av en lägre andel ungdomar med IF jämfört med referensgruppen (studie II) och tiden som spenderas på internet-aktiviteterna är lägre för ungdomar med IF (studie III). Utmaningar i den omgivande miljön, såväl som personliga förmågor leder till svårigheter med internetuppkoppling och internetanvändning (studie I), och påverkar digital delaktighet för ungdomarna och de unga vuxna med IF. Möjligheter och risker med att använda internet visade att en signifikant högre andel föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar möjligheter förknippade med internetanvändning och att spela spel, och en lägre andel upplever risker med negativa konsekvenser, eller oroar sig för risker med internet jämfört med referensgruppen (studie III). Signifikant fler föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar dock att deras ungdomar aldrig använder smartphones och sociala medier jämfört med referensgruppen. Strategier, som ungdomar och unga vuxna med både lindrig och måttlig IF använder för att hantera den digitala miljön och delta i internet aktiviteter identifierades (studie I). Strategierna innebär; att få stöd från andra; att minska andelen enheter som används för internetanvändning och att främsta använda enheter som är utformade för/av person; samt att använda stödstrategier som är baserade på ord- bild- och röststöd för att kunna utföra internet-aktiviteter. Kunskapen som avhandlingen har bidragit med: Sammantaget visar resultaten en eftersläpning i tillgång till och användning av internet, liksom i digital delaktighet för ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Även om deltagarna har tillgång till och använder internet, är det i lägre utsträckning än referensgruppen. Faktorer i miljön tillsammans med deltagarnas personliga förmågor gör utvecklingen av digital kompetens svår för deltagarna. Resultatet att fler föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar möjligheter och färre uppfattar risker med internet är ny kunskap som kan stödja positivt risktagande i internetanvändning och möjliggöra digital delaktighet för ungdomar med IF. Stöd kan utvecklas i samarbete mellan ungdomar, deras föräldrar och personal, i både skola och kommunal omsorgsverksamhet, och involvera anpassningar av såväl fysisk, som social och digital miljö för utveckling av digitala kompetenser. Genom detta kan eftersläpningen i digital delaktighet i vardagen minimeras, vilket krävs för delaktighet i dagens digitaliserade samhälle
Author: Katie Ellis Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317150279 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 435
Book Description
Social media is popularly seen as an important media for people with disability in terms of communication, exchange and activism. These sites potentially increase both employment and leisure opportunities for one of the most traditionally isolated groups in society. However, the offline inaccessible environment has, to a certain degree, been replicated online and particularly in social networking sites. Social media is becoming an increasingly important part of our lives yet the impact on people with disabilities has gone largely unscrutinised. Similarly, while social media and disability are often both observed through a focus on the Western, developed and English-speaking world, different global perspectives are often overlooked. This collection explores the opportunities and challenges social media represents for the social inclusion of people with disabilities from a variety of different global perspectives that include Africa, Arabia and Asia along with European, American and Australasian perspectives and experiences.
Author: Paul T. Jaeger
Author: Paul T. Jaeger
Author: Gerard Goggin
Author: H. Stephen Kaye
Author: Elizabeth Ellcessor
Author: Katie Ellis
Author: Neha Pathakji
Author: Peter Blanck
Author: Jim Thatcher
Author: Kristin Alfredsson Ågren
Author: Katie Ellis