Plant Diseases and Their Management in Organic Agriculture PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
ISBN: 9780890544761
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Author: Bernhard Speiser
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781838796556
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Jan C. Zadoks
Publisher: Sidestone Press
ISBN: 9088901872
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Book Description
Mediterranean and West European pre-modern agriculture (agriculture before 1600) was by necessity ‘organic agriculture’. Crop protection is part and parcel of this agriculture, with weed control in the forefront. Crop protection is embedded in the medieval agronomy text books but specialised sections do occur. Weeds, insects and diseases are described but identification in modern terms is not easy. The pre-modern ‘Crop Portfolio’ is well filled, certainly in the Mediterranean area. The medieval ‘Pest Portfolio’ differs from the modern one because agriculture then was a Low External Input Agriculture, and because the proportion of cultivated to non-cultivated land was drastically lower than today. The pre-modern ‘Control Portfolio’ is surprisingly rich, both in preventive and interventive measures. Prevention was by risk management, intensive tillage, and careful storage. Intervention was mechanical and chemical. Chemical intervention used natural substances such as sulphur, pitch, and ‘botanicals’. Some fifty plant species are mentioned in a crop protection context. Though application methods look rather modern they are typically low-tech. Among them are seed disinfection, spraying, dusting, fumigation, grease banding, wound care, and hand-picking but also scarification, now outdated. The reality of pest outbreaks and other damages is explored as to frequency, intensity, and extent. Information on the practical use of the recommended treatments is scanty. If applied, their effectiveness remains enigmatic. Three medieval agronomists are at the heart of this book, but historical developments in crop protection from early Punic, Greek, and Roman authors to the first modern author are outlined. The readership of these writers was the privileged class of landowners but hints pointing to the exchange of ideas between them and the common peasant were found. Consideration is given to the pre-modern reasoning in matters of crop protection. Comparison of pre-modern crop protection and its counterpart in modern organic agriculture is difficult because of drastic changes in the relation between crop areas and non-crop areas, and because of the great difference in yield levels then and now, with several associated differences.

Author: Vijay Singh Meena
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128223596
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices focuses on the integrated interactions between soil-plant-microbe-environment elements in a functioning ecosystem. It explains sustainable nutrient management under organic farming and agriculture, with chapters focusing on the role of nutrient management in sustaining global ecosystems, the remediation of polluted soils, conservation practices, degradation of pollutants, biofertilizers and biopesticides, critical biogeochemical cycles, potential responses for current and impending environmental change, and other critical factors. Organic farming is both challenging and exciting, as its practice of “feeding the soil, not the plant provides opportunity to better understand why some growing methods are preferred over others. In the simplest terms, organic growing is based on maintaining a living soil with a diverse population of micro and macro soil organisms. Organic matter (OM) is maintained in the soil through the addition of compost, animal manure, green manures and the avoidance of excess mechanization. Presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances and new developments in the field OF research within a relevant theoretical framework Highlights the scope of the inexpensive and improved management practices Focuses on the role of nutrient management in sustaining the ecosystems

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309035422
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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Authored by an integrated committee of plant and animal scientists, this review of newer molecular genetic techniques and traditional research methods is presented as a compilation of high-reward opportunities for agricultural research. Directed to the Agricultural Research Service and the agricultural research community at large, the volume discusses biosciences research in genetic engineering, animal science, plant science, and plant diseases and insect pests. An optimal climate for productive research is discussed.

Author: R. J. Unwin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 268

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Author: Vincenzo Vacante
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 178064499X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 577

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Book Description
This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive reference covering pest management in organic farming in major crops of the world. General introductory chapters explore the management of crops to prevent pest outbreaks, plant protection tools in organic farming, and natural enemies and pest control. The remaining chapters are crop-based and discuss geographic distribution, economic importance and key pests. For each pest the fundamental aspects of its bio-ecology and the various methods of control are presented. Understanding of the scientific content is facilitated with practical advice, tables and diagrams, helping users to apply the theories and recommendations. This is an essential resource for researchers and extension workers in crop protection, integrated pest management and biocontrol, and organic farming systems.

Author: Isabelle Savini
Publisher: Editions Quae Gie
ISBN: 9782759238385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Copper is used to control various fungal or bacterial diseases, mainly in grapes, in fruit production and in vegetable crops. It is the only active substance approved in organic farming with a strong fungicidal effect and a wide range of action. However, the demonstration of the negative environmental effects of copper, in particular on soil and water organisms, led to regulatory restrictions on use (capping of authorized doses), and even to its ban as a pesticide in some Northern European countries. These increasing restrictions on the use of copper, which put growers who cannot use synthetic fungicides under severe constraints, led to a recurrent demand for "alternatives". Numerous experimental studies have therefore been carried out to identify and test other techniques: the use of disease-resistant varieties, the application of naturally-occurring substances that have a biocidal effect and/or stimulate the plant's natural defenses, the use of microbiological control agents, the adoption of prophylactic management, and the installation of physical protection. However, results remain scattered, and these control methods are rarely implemented in the field. Resulting from a collective scientific assessment, this volume, first published in French in 2019, is a multidisciplinary and critical synthesis of the knowledge available on the subject. It describes and assesses the different techniques potentially effective against pathogens controlled by copper treatments, and insists upon the need to combine them in integrated crop protection systems.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant quarantine
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Book Description

Author: Inderjit
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140204447X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
Biological control of plant diseases and plant pathogens is of great significance in forestry and agriculture. This book, the first of its kind, is organized around the indication that allelochemicals can be employed for biological control of plant pathogens and plant diseases. This volume focuses on discovery and development of natural product based fungicides for agriculture, direct use of allelochemicals, and application of allelopathy in pest management.