Author: Dmitri Vitalievich Vezenov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical microscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Author: Hjalti Skúlason
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intermolecular forces
Languages : en
Pages : 536

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Book Description
"The phenomenon of adhesion appears in various applications of everyday life, ranging from PostIt NotesTM and Scotch TapeTM, to the assembly of aircraft and space shuttles. However, adhesion on the molecular scale is fundamentally different from the adhesion that we experience in the macroscopic world. While macroscopic objects require special adhesives or glues to bind them together, microsca1e and nanoscale objects and molecules commonly have a high affinity to adhere to each other. A detailed description of intermolecular forces is therefore of key importance in order to understand a wide range of phenomena, ranging from macroscopic properties of materials to molecular recognition. Two key aspects of the atomic force microscope (AFM), namely its sensitivity to sub-nanoNewton forces and its very sharp probe, offer the opportunity to measure interactions between very small numbers of molecules. Through chemical tailoring of both substrates and AFM probes with self-assembled mono layers (SAMs), measurements of forces acting between specific functional groups can be measured. Furthermore, the force required to rupture a single chemical bond can be obtained by a detailed analysis of the histograms of rupture forces. A new model was derived to examine the relationship between the various experimental variables and the shape of histograms of rupture forces when discrete chemical bonds are formed between the AFM probe and substrate. Calculations based on the model demonstrated that in measurements aimed at detecting single bond rupture forces, strict limits are put on the size of the AFM probe, the relative magnitude of the interfacial energies and the bond formation probability. These results were used in two experimental systems where the single bond rupture force was successfully measured: 0) the abstraction of a single Au-S complex from an Au coated AFM probe; and (ill the rupture of a single charge-transfer (cI) complex between tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPO) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). Measurements involving only one molecule at a time were conducted using polymer chains chemically grafted to the AFM probe and substrate. In these measurements, the effect of the solvent on the elasticity of the polyethylene-propylene oligomers was directly observed in the force-elongation profile"--Leaves iii-iv.

Author: Jacob N. Israelachvili
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123919339
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 708

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Book Description
Intermolecular and Surface Forces describes the role of various intermolecular and interparticle forces in determining the properties of simple systems such as gases, liquids and solids, with a special focus on more complex colloidal, polymeric and biological systems. The book provides a thorough foundation in theories and concepts of intermolecular forces, allowing researchers and students to recognize which forces are important in any particular system, as well as how to control these forces. This third edition is expanded into three sections and contains five new chapters over the previous edition. - Starts from the basics and builds up to more complex systems - Covers all aspects of intermolecular and interparticle forces both at the fundamental and applied levels - Multidisciplinary approach: bringing together and unifying phenomena from different fields - This new edition has an expanded Part III and new chapters on non-equilibrium (dynamic) interactions, and tribology (friction forces)

Author: Aleksandr Noy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 038749989X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311

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Book Description
Researchers in academia and industry who are interested in techniques for measuring intermolecular forces will find this an essential text. It presents a review of modern force spectroscopy, including fundamentals of intermolecular forces, technical aspects of the force measurements, and practical applications. The handbook begins with a review of the fundamental physics of loading single and multiple chemical bonds on the nanometer scale. It contains a discussion of thermodynamic and kinetic models of binding forces and dissipation effects in nanoscale molecular contacts, covers practical aspects of modern single-molecule level techniques, and concludes with applications of force spectroscopy to chemical and biological processes. Computer modeling of force spectroscopy experiments is also addressed.

Author: John H. Moore
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1003803296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1161

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Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist. The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections: FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text. METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials. APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research. For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail.

Author: Cheng-Sheng Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185

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Book Description

Author: Adam Baszkin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482293226
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 849

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Book Description
An introduction to the most important fundamental concepts of physicochemical interface science and a description of experimental techniques and applications of surface science in relation to biological systems. It explores artificial assemblies of lipids, proteins and polysaccharides that perform novel functions that living systems cannot duplicat

Author: John H. Moore
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780750307987
Category : Chemistry, Physical and theoretical
Languages : en
Pages : 1178

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Author: Pierre L. Huyskens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642762603
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Book Description
The study of intermolecular forces began over one hundred years ago in 1873 with the famous thesis of van der Waals. In recent decades, knowledge of this field has expanded due to intensive research into both its theoretical and the experimental aspects. This is particularly true for the type of very strong cohesive force stressed in 1920 by Latimer and Rodebush: the hydrogen bond, a phenomenon already outlined in 1912 by Moore and Winemill. Hydrogen bonds exert a profound influence on most of the physical and chemical properties of the materials in which they are formed. Not only do they govern viscosity and electrical conductivity, they also intervene in the chemical reaction path which determines the kinetics of chemical processes. The properties of chemical substances depend to a large extent on intermolecular forces. In spite of this fundamental fact, too little attention is given to these properties both in research and in university teaching. For instance, in the field of pharmaceutical research, about 13000 compounds need to be studied in order to find a single new product that can be successfully marketed. The recognition of the need to optimize industrial research efficiency has led to a growing interest in promoting the study of inter molecular forces. Rising salary costs in industry have encou raged an interest in theoretical ideas which will lead to tailor made materials.

Author: Nicholas D. Spencer
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780750308007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 734

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Book Description