Digestibility and Production Coefficients of Pig Feeds PDF Download

Author: George Stronach Fraps
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Swine
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: George Stronach Fraps
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: William Dietrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Swine
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: George Stronach Fraps
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Miriam Goerke
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736948433
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Book Description
Feed is the greatest single cost factor in pig production, and protein and energy accounts for the largest proportion of feed costs. Therefore, it is crucial that the protein and energy content of a diet is characterized in the best possible way. Over the past years, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) has been introduced into diet formulation for pigs in several countries. Moreover, different energy systems are available for feed evaluation including digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE). For soybean meal (SBM), the most commonly used feed ingredient in pig diets, tabulated values for SID of AA in addition to DE, ME or NE contents have been determined in grower-finisher pigs rather than weaned piglets. Due to the lack of separate feed tables for piglets, tabulated values originating from experiments with grower-finisher pigs are being used for diet formulation in piglet feeding, although post-weaning feed intake (FI) is highly variable and often lower than 3 times the maintenance energy requirement of weaned piglets. Thus, it remains open, if values obtained with grower-finisher pigs can be used for piglets as well. Furthermore, in grower-finisher pigs it has been shown that dietary inclusion of SBM sources of different origins may affect SID of CP and AA. The influence of SBM origin on SID of CP and AA in piglets has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the first objective of the present thesis was to determine SID of CP and AA in a large variety of SBM sources sourced from different countries, whereas the second and third objective was to investigate the effect of FI level on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of CP and AA, as well as on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of proximate nutrients and energy in weaned piglets. For this purpose, a digestibility experiment with a total of 36 (initial BW 5.6 kg) newly weaned pigs, surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum, was conducted. The piglets were housed in metabolic crates, and were fed semi-synthetic diets based on cornstarch and 1 out of 18 different SBM batches originating either from Argentina (6 batches), Brazil (6 batches) or the United States (US; 6 batches). Diets were fed on three graded levels of FI corresponding to 30, 45 and 60 g per kg average body weight (BW) of piglets, equivalent to 50, 75 or 100 g/kg BW0.75 d or 1.9, 2.6 and 3.1 times the energy requirement for maintenance. The whole experiment was split in 3 consecutive parts with 12 piglets, each. Over the whole experiment, the piglets were randomly allocated to the different combinations of FI level and SBM, but balanced in order to achieve 3 identical experimental parts. Chapter 1 of the present thesis provides a brief introduction into the objective of this thesis, including background information on SBM production, composition, and a literature review about studies concerning the impact of SBM origin and the effect of FI level on nutrient digestibility in pigs. Chapter 2 includes information on the chemical composition and proximate constituents of the 18 SBM batches originating from Argentina, Brazil, or the US. The average content of CP was greater for Brazilian SBM (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the other 2 origins. Contents of most AA were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in Brazilian compared to Argentinean SBM batches. Amino acid contents in US SBM batches ranged between those from Argentina and Brazil. Average trypsin inhibitor activity was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) in Brazilian SBM. Mycotoxins were detected in 8 out of 18 SBM batches, but all mycotoxin levels were below their critical benchmarks. The contents of individual isoflavones varied considerably among SBM origins (P ≤ 0.05). The SID of Arg, Phe, Thr, Trp, Asp, Gly, and Ser were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for US compared to Argentinean SBM batches, and intermediate values were obtained for Brazilian SBM batches. The SID values were most variable within Argentinean SBM batches and most homogenous within US SBM batches, as indicated by a great and a small coefficient of variation, respectively. However, SID of CP and AA were not related to any of the analyzed chemical constituents. It was concluded that EU imports of SBM are generally of high quality. The obtained SID values contribute substantially to the expansion of databases on SID of CP and AA in SBM from the 3 major soybean-producing countries for piglets. However, SID values obtained with piglets were considerably lower compared with tabulated values originating from grower-finisher pigs. Thus, further studies are warranted to confirm that finally separate feed tables for ingredients used in diet formulation for piglets are required to account for these differences. In Chapter 3, the effect of 3 graded levels of FI on AID and SID of CP and AA in SBM based diets was determined in piglets. The AID and SID of most AA were quadratically affected by the FI level (P ≤ 0.05). Initially, both AID and SID of most AA increased up to 1.9 % units as the FI level was increased from 30 to 45 g/kg BW. Thereafter, these AID and SID values decreased by 2.6 and 2.7 % units, respectively, as the FI level was further increased from 45 to 60 g/kg BW. It was concluded that there is a significant effect of feed intake level, albeit of small magnitude, on AID and SID of CP and AA, which possibly has to be accounted for in feed tables, due to the high variability of voluntary FI post weaning. In Chapter 4, the effect of 3 graded FI levels on AID and ATTD of proximate nutrients and energy, as well as on estimates of dietary DE, ME and NE contents was investigated. Due to the graded level of FI, and thereby the graded intake of nutrients, ileal endogenous nutrient losses and/or total tract endogenous nutrient losses could be estimated by linear regression analysis, and true digestibility values as well as urinary endogenous N losses could be calculated. The AID of DM, N and energy as well as ATTD of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ether extract (EE) in the assay diets was not affected (P > 0.05) by FI level. However, there was a small decrease in ATTD of DM, N, OM, ash and energy, as well as in DE, ME and NE content in the assay diets (P

Author: Phillip Thacker
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351359789
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 745

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Book Description
Feed represents the single greatest expense associated with bringing pigs to market weight. Therefore, if you can reduce the cost of feeding without detriment to pig performance, the economics of swine production will improve. The ingredient list for swine rations has become fairly limited, and the majority of diets fed to pigs consist of a few staples, such as corn, wheat, barley, and soybean meal. Non-Traditional Feeds for Use in Swine Production explores over fifty non-traditional feedstuffs in terms of their nutritional content and their viability as alternative, cost effective food sources

Author: United States. Office of Experiment Stations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural experiment stations
Languages : en
Pages : 1134

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Author: Austin J. Lewis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420041843
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 1030

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With 42 chapters authored by leading international experts, Swine Nutrition: Second Edition is a comprehensive reference that covers all aspects of the nutrition of pigs. Content includes characteristics of swine and the swine industry with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract; various classes of nutrients, how these nutrients are metabolized by swine, and the factors affecting their utilization; the practical aspects of swine nutrition from birth through gestation, lactation in sows, and the feeding of adult boars; and nutritional aspects of the various feedstuffs commonly fed to swine. Rounding the book is coverage of various techniques used in swine nutrition research.

Author: Burch Hart Schneider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal feeding
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Author: John F. Patience
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9086867561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.