Different soil study tools to better understand the dynamics of carbon in soils at different spatial scales, from a single soil profile to the global scale PDF Download

Author: Marwa Tifafi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Les sols sont la principale composantede l'écosystème terrestre et le plus grand réservoir de carbone organique sur Terre, étant très réactifs aux perturbations humaines et aux changements climatiques. Malgré leur importance dans les réservoirs de carbone, la dynamique du carbone des sols est une source importante d'incertitudes pour les prévisions climatiques futures. Le but de la thèse était d'explorer différents aspects d'études du carbone des sols (mesures expérimentales, modélisation et évaluation de bases de données) à différentes échelles spatiales (de l'échelle d'un profil à l'échelle globale). Nous avons souligné que l'estimation des stocks globaux de carbone du sol est encore assez incertaine.Par conséquent le rôle du carbone des sols dans la dynamique du climat devient l'une des principales incertitudes dans les modèles du système terrestre utilisés pour prédire les changements climatiques futurs. La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la présentation d'une nouvelle version du modèle IPSL-Land Surface appelé ORCHIDEE-SOM, intégrant la dynamique du 14C dans le sol. Plusieurs tests effectués supposent que les améliorations du modèle devraient se focaliser davantage sur une paramétrisation dépendante de la profondeur,principalement pour la diffusion, afin d'améliorer la représentation du cycle global du carbone dans les modèles de surface terrestre, contribuant ainsi à contraindre les prédictions futures du réchauffement climatique.

Author: Werner L. Kutsch
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139483161
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 301

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Book Description
Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.

Author: Alfred E. Hartemink
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319040847
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 503

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Book Description
Few topics cut across the soil science discipline wider than research on soil carbon. This book contains 48 chapters that focus on novel and exciting aspects of soil carbon research from all over the world. It includes review papers by global leaders in soil carbon research, and the book ends with a list and discussion of global soil carbon research priorities. Chapters are loosely grouped in four sections: § Soil carbon in space and time § Soil carbon properties and processes § Soil use and carbon management § Soil carbon and the environment A wide variety of topics is included: soil carbon modelling, measurement, monitoring, microbial dynamics, soil carbon management and 12 chapters focus on national or regional soil carbon stock assessments. The book provides up-to-date information for researchers interested in soil carbon in relation to climate change and to researchers that are interested in soil carbon for the maintenance of soil quality and fertility. Papers in this book were presented at the IUSS Global Soil C Conference that was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Author: Dominique Arrouays
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1138001198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496

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Book Description
GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system contains contributions that were presented at the 1st GlobalSoilMap conference, held 7-9 October 2013 in Orléans, France. These contributions demonstrate the latest developments in the GlobalSoilMap project and digital soil mapping technology for which the ultimate aim is to produce a high resolution digital spatial soil information system of selected soil properties and their uncertainties for the entire world. GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system aims to stimulate capacity building and new incentives to develop full GlobalSoilMap products in all parts of the world.

Author: Mario Guevara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
The largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems is contained in soils and it plays a key role regulating hydrological processes, such as the spatial variability of soil moisture dynamics. Specifically, soil moisture and soil organic carbon are variables directly linked to ecosystem services such as food production and water storage. However, there are important knowledge gaps in the spatial representation (e.g., maps) of soil moisture and soil organic information from the country specific to the global scales. There is a pressing need to update the spatial detail of soil moisture estimates and the accuracy of digital soil carbon maps for improved land management, improved Earth system modeling and improved strategies (i.e., public policy) to combat land degradation. From the country specific to the global scale, the overreaching goal of this PhD research is to develop a reproducible digital soil mapping framework to increase the statistical accuracy of spatially continuous information on soil moisture and soil organic carbon across different scales of data availability (e.g., country-specific, regional, global). Chapter 1 provides a general introduction. Chapters 2 and 3 are focused on up-scaling soil organic carbon from the country-specific scale to the continental scale. Chapter 2 provides a country-specific and multi-modeling approach for soil organic carbon mapping across Latin America, where I identify key predictors and conclude that there is no best modeling method in a quantifiable basis across all the analyzed countries. In Chapter 3, I compare and test different methods and combinations of prediction factors to model the variability of soil organic carbon across Mexico and conterminous United States (CONUS). I describe soil organic carbon stocks across different land covers across the region, quantify the model uncertainty and discuss estimates derived from previous studies. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to improving the statistical detail and accuracy of satellite soil moisture from the country to the global scale. Chapter 4 describes how the machine learning fusion of satellite soil moisture with Geomorphometry increase the statistical accuracy and spatial detail of current soil moisture estimates across CONUS. Chapter 5 extends the previous chapter to the global scale and identifies global soil moisture trends. I provide a novel (gap-free) soil moisture global estimate that could be potentially used to predict the global feedback between primary productivity and long-term soil moisture trends. Chapters 4 and 5 reveal evidence of soil moisture decline across large areas of the world. Finally, chapter 6 summarizes the main findings of this research, the key conclusions, emergent challenges and future steps. The results of this research were useful to generate benchmarks against which to assess the impact of climate and land cover changes on soil organic carbon stocks and soil moisture trends. This research provides a framework (including high quality data and novel methodologies) to generate environmentally relevant science that can be used for the formulation of public policy around soil and water conservation efforts.

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251304408
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Book Description
The Soil Organic Carbon Mapping cookbook provides a step-by-step guidance for developing 1 km grids for soil carbon stocks. It includes the preparation of local soil data, the compilation and pre-processing of ancillary spatial data sets, upscaling methodologies, and uncertainty assessments. Guidance is mainly specific to soil carbon data, but also contains many generic sections on soil grid development, as it is relevant for other soil properties. This second edition of the cookbook provides generic methodologies and technical steps to produce SOC maps and has been updated with knowledge and practical experiences gained during the implementation process of GSOCmap V1.0 throughout 2017. Guidance is mainly specific to SOC data, but as this cookbook contains generic sections on soil grid development it can be applicable to map various soil properties.

Author: John M. Kimble
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781566704618
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 698

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Book Description
Since carbon sequestration in soils reduces the amount of carbon available to the atmosphere, the Kyoto Protocols have heightened interest in soil carbon pools and their effect on carbon fluxes. Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon addresses many of the questions related to the measurement, monitoring, and verification of organic and inorganic carbon in soils. The major topics covered are: carbon pools; soil sampling and preparation, analytical techniques for soil carbon; soil erosion and sedimentation; remote sensing, GIS and modeling; procedures for scaling carbon data from point and local measurements to regional and even national scales; and economic and policy issues. In Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon, leading researchers show that we now have the ability to measure, monitor, and verify changes to soil carbon. The book establishes the need for standardized methods that can be used by anyone, and helps us better understand the link between the pedosphere (soils) and the atmosphere. It also shows the importance of developing links between the economics of carbon sequestration and the amounts sequestered, and highlights the need for scientists and policy makers to interact to ensure that policies fit within the scope of present technologies.

Author: Richard V. Pouyat
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030452166
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description
This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080468071
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 659

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Book Description
The book compiles the main ideas and methodologies that have been proposed and tested within these last fifteen years in the field of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). Begining with current experiences of soil information system developments in various regions of the world, this volume presents states of the art of different topics covered by DSM: Conception and handling of soil databases, sampling methods, new soil spatial covariates, Quantitative spatial modelling, Quality assessment and representation of DSM outputs. This book provides a solid support to students, researchers and engineers interested in modernising soil survey approaches with numerical techniques. It is also of great interest for potential soil data users.* A new concept to meet the worldwide demand for spatial soil data * The first compilation of ideas and methodologies of Digital Soil Mapping * Offers a variety of specialities: soil surveying, geostatistics, data mining, fuzzy logic, remote sensing techniques, Geographical Information Science,...* Written by 82 researchers from 13 different countries

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251348375
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Book Description
During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 15, “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” with the SOC stock being explicitly cited in Indicator 15.3.1. This technical manual is the first attempt to gather, in a standardized format, the existing data on the impacts of the main soil management practices on SOC content in a wide array of environments, including the advantages, drawbacks, and constraints. This manual presents different sustainable soil management (SSM) practices at different scales and in different contexts, supported by case studies that have been shown with quantitative data to have a positive effect on SOC stocks and successful experiences of SOC sequestration in practical field applications. Volume 2 includes a description of hot spots of SOC stocks. This manual defines hot spots of SOC as areas that represent a proportionally little of the global land surface but on which SOC storage is highly effective; bright spots as large land areas with low SOC stocks per km2 that represent a potential for further carbon sequestration.