Differences in Dry Matter Yield and the Uptake, Distribution, and Use of Nitrogen by Sorghum Genotypes PDF Download
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Author: Goncalo Evangelista de Franca Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Fifty-four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes were screened for differential response to N by growing plants with 10 mg N/ plant in nutrient solution. The genotypes TX 3934 X GH-8-17, and SC 423 X SC 239 produced the highest amount of dry matter per unit N (H), and SC 110 X SC 120, and SC 150-6 X SC 150-9 (L) produced the low-est amount of dry matter per unit N. Because of this, these genotypes were selected for further study to identify physiological properties that may be associated with differential N nutrition. The physiological properties evaluated in these genotypes were: (1) NO3 uptake rates as affected by time (hours after being put in a new N03 solution), N03 concentration, and plant age; (2) dry matter and N accumulation with plant age;(3) N distribution among plant parts at various plant ages; (4) dry matter produced per unit N; (5) genotype responses to different N levels and N compounds. Differential responses to N were moted among the genotypes screened with low N. The ranges were 131% for dry matter yields, 75% for N contents, 59% for top N/root N ratios, and 34% for dry matter produced per unit N. After an initial slow rate of N03 uptake, N03 absorption was relatively rapid during the next four hours before leveling off or decreasing after six hours in plants 34 days of age or younger; plants older than this showed no differences in N03 uptake. Patterns of N03 uptake with time suggested that uptake was induced by N03 at low concentrations. Differences in N03 uptake rates among (...).
Author: Goncalo Evangelista de Franca Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Fifty-four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes were screened for differential response to N by growing plants with 10 mg N/ plant in nutrient solution. The genotypes TX 3934 X GH-8-17, and SC 423 X SC 239 produced the highest amount of dry matter per unit N (H), and SC 110 X SC 120, and SC 150-6 X SC 150-9 (L) produced the low-est amount of dry matter per unit N. Because of this, these genotypes were selected for further study to identify physiological properties that may be associated with differential N nutrition. The physiological properties evaluated in these genotypes were: (1) NO3 uptake rates as affected by time (hours after being put in a new N03 solution), N03 concentration, and plant age; (2) dry matter and N accumulation with plant age;(3) N distribution among plant parts at various plant ages; (4) dry matter produced per unit N; (5) genotype responses to different N levels and N compounds. Differential responses to N were moted among the genotypes screened with low N. The ranges were 131% for dry matter yields, 75% for N contents, 59% for top N/root N ratios, and 34% for dry matter produced per unit N. After an initial slow rate of N03 uptake, N03 absorption was relatively rapid during the next four hours before leveling off or decreasing after six hours in plants 34 days of age or younger; plants older than this showed no differences in N03 uptake. Patterns of N03 uptake with time suggested that uptake was induced by N03 at low concentrations. Differences in N03 uptake rates among (...).
Author: M.R. Saric Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400968361 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
The idea of addressing the problem of the genetic specificity of mineral nutrition at an international level arose four years ago in a proposal for this topic to be included in the program of the II Congress of the Federation of European Societies for Plant Physiology (FESPP) as a separate section. The Organising Committee of the II Congress of FESPP which was held in Santiago de Compostella in 1980 arranged a special session and it was clearly successful. A special scientific meeting where the genetic aspects of plant nutrition in their widest sense could be presented and discussed comprehensively appeared to be necessary and that is how this Symposium came to be organized by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Much progress has already been achieved in this field, and bearing in mind the importance of this problem, particularly at the present moment, it is necessary for us both to acquaint ourselves with what has been achieved so far, and even more to direct attention and effort to the fundamental problems for the future.
Author: J.J. Adu-Gyamfi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940171570X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 333
Book Description
Ultimate success in exploiting the genetic capabilities of plants to grow in nutrient-stressed environments of the semi-arid tropics (SAT) requires a holistic view of food systems to ensure that genetic selections for improved yields on nutrient-poor soils will actually be adopted by farmers. This book sets out to address the important issue of how physiological mechanisms of nutrient uptake can best be combined with genetic options to improve the adaptation of crops to low-nutrient availability, thereby enhancing productivity of nutrient poor soils in the semi-arid tropics. The book examines (i) the sustainability of breeding for low-nutrient environments from the viewpoint of three interrelated disciplines; physiology, breeding, and socio-economics, (ii) candidate mechanisms and physiological traits to enhance uptake and utilization efficiencies, (iii) genetic approaches for manipulation of crop plants to enhance root exudation and access nutrients in the rhizosphere, and (iv) field practices and farmers' preferences for crop varieties grown in low-nutrient environments. Finally, the role of modelling in improving nutrient efficiency in cropping systems, recommendations for future research needs and strategies were highlighted. Attended by 50 international participants, this book is the outcome of the workshop held at ICRISAT-India during 27-30 September 1999 to mark the culmination of the Government of Japan/ICRISAT Project.
Author: R Haynes Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323148166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 497
Book Description
Mineral Nitrogen in the Plant-Soil System provides integrated accounts of the transformations and fate of mineral nitrogen in the plant-soil system. This book emphasizes the understanding of various processes and the factors that affect these processes. It also focuses on the role of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural systems. The book is divided into seven major chapters and each chapter is further subdivided into various subtopics. The first chapter introduces and outlines the origin, distribution, and cycling of nitrogen in natural and agricultural terrestrial ecosystems. Chapter 2 focuses on the processes of decomposition and mineralization-immobilization turnover. The processes of nitrification are discussed in detail in Chapter 3. The following four chapters discuss topics of retention and movement of nitrogen in soils; gaseous losses of nitrogen; uptake and assimilation of mineral nitrogen by plants; and lastly, the use of nitrogen in agronomic practice. The book will be invaluable to graduate students and researchers in the field of agriculture. This will also cater other parties interested, such as agronomists, soil scientists, plant physiologists, horticulturists, and foresters.
Author: Sylvester Addy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chlorophyll Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Investigates the difference in the nitrogen (N) status between stay-green and senescent sorghum hybrids by assessing the genotypic variability for chlorophyll content and leaf senescence under three rates of N supply to determine the minimum supply required for the expression of the stay-green phenotype in the stay-green hybrid. Compares nitrogen use, uptake, and utilization efficiencies and examines grain yield and differences in dry matter and plant nitrogen content in plant parts at harvest.
Author: Gilles Lemaire Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642606849 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Providing a link between theoretical and applied aspects of plant nutrition and agriculture, this book introduces new concepts in plant nutrition. It shows how these can be applied in order to assess the nitrogen status in crops and to improve nitrogen nutrition through optimized N fertilization management. In this way economic benefits can be obtained, while at the same time preventing detrimental effects on the environment. The main agricultural crops - grasses, wheat, barley, Durum wheat, maize, sorghum, grain legumes and potatoes - are covered. The book will be an invaluable source for agronomists.
Author: R Duncan Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323145167 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 589
Book Description
Crops as Enhancers of Nutrient Use examines the various plant and soil factors that contribute to nutrient use efficiency of plants. It attempts to address policies regarding Low Input Sustainable Agriculture (LISA), conservation-oriented cropping systems, and reductions in environmental contaminants. It also presents longer-term remedies to some of the inherent problems of high volume applications of expensive fertilizer nutrients. This book emphasizes plant-soil interaction, particularly, nutritional interactions involving rhizosphere, microbes, and stress on the root system. Stress factors include moisture and low and high pH. The book also covers the genetic and physiological response of plant to nutrients at the cellular level, on a whole-plant basis, and when subjected to stress. This book will contribute to the development of a more cost-effective and judicious nutrient usage of major crops.
Author: R. Rajasree Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing ISBN: 3960670745 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 201
Book Description
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is recognized as one of the most ancient oils. Its cultivation goes back to 2130 BC. It is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and southern temperate regions of the world for its seeds which are a rich source of edible oil. Recent studies have shown that the oil lowers cholesterol levels and hypertension in humans and reduces the incidence of certain cancers. India ranks high in the area and production of sesame in the world with an annual area of 2.07 million hectares and total production of 0.76 million tons. Even though sesame is the predominant oil seed crop of India, the per hectare productivity and the economic returns given by it are very low. The crop is very sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses and it grows in marginal light-textured inceptisols having poor soil fertility associated with imbalance and without fertilizer application. The application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers could help bringing in profitable returns. However, due to escalating costs of production of chemical fertilizers and low subsidies for farmers, the agricultural planners are compelled to re-orient their thinking towards cost effective and cheap renewable resources.
Author: Goncalo Evangelista de Franca
Author: Goncalo Evangelista de Franca
Author: M.R. Saric
Author: J.J. Adu-Gyamfi
Author: R Haynes
Author: Sylvester Addy
Author: Gilles Lemaire
Author: R Duncan
Author: B. P. Sonawane
Author: Angela Maria C. Furlani
Author: R. Rajasree