Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows PDF full book. Access full book title Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows by Carine Reveneau. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Carine Reveneau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Coconut oil Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Abstract: With the increasing environmental concern for N excretion in the environment, the nutrition of dairy cows meets new challenges to maintain milk production while decreasing dietary protein. Various strategies to improve efficiency of N utilization in milk production have been developed. Decreasing protozoal abundance and the corresponding improvement of microbial protein efficiency could improve this efficiency of dietary protein utilization. The feeding of fat usually decreases the abundance of protozoa but can have detrimental effect on ruminal fermentation and milk fat production, thus needing further study to ascertain the potential benefits relative to potential detriments. In a first study, the effects of the availability of dietary fatty acids from cottonseed oil on ruminal metabolism and milk fat production were investigated. In our study, feeding a mix of pelleted and delinted cottonseeds appeared to modify ruminal fatty acid metabolic processes, decreasing the risk of milk fat depression and tending to increase dry matter intake and milk production over time compared with conventional or pelleted cottonseeds. In a second study, the effects of feeding Rumensin (R) in combination with animal vegetable (AV) fat or coconut oil were fed to six rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Using omasal collection, I measured microbial protein efficiency and nutrient digestibility. By feeding R to control the extent of amino acid deamination and combined with fat to control protozoal abundance, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis might be improved in dairy cows. Animal vegetable fat can be biohydrogenated in the rumen and decrease its effectiveness, but diets supplemented with coconut oil (CO; rich in medium chain FA) are more consistent in inhibiting protozoa. Total protozoal abundance was decreased by CO supplementation for all genera expect for Epidinium, which maintained its numbers but was decreased by AV+R. The low acetate to propionate ratio for CO was associated with a decreased ruminal NDF digestibility. There was no effect of diet on efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. DMI was 5 kg/d lower with CO. Milk production was lower when cows were fed CO than AV and when diets contained R. Milk fat depression (MFD) occurred with AV+R and CO. The decrease in protozoal abundance was not associated with an increase in microbial protein efficiency. The detrimental effect of CO on DMI affected the energy available for milk synthesis Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV and CO diets, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was inhibited with R and F supplementation. Higher trans 18:1 FA in milk fat was also observed for AV and CO. The feeding of CO did not prevent MFD, and no interactions between R and S were detected. The feeding of CO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat.
Author: Carine Reveneau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Coconut oil Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Abstract: With the increasing environmental concern for N excretion in the environment, the nutrition of dairy cows meets new challenges to maintain milk production while decreasing dietary protein. Various strategies to improve efficiency of N utilization in milk production have been developed. Decreasing protozoal abundance and the corresponding improvement of microbial protein efficiency could improve this efficiency of dietary protein utilization. The feeding of fat usually decreases the abundance of protozoa but can have detrimental effect on ruminal fermentation and milk fat production, thus needing further study to ascertain the potential benefits relative to potential detriments. In a first study, the effects of the availability of dietary fatty acids from cottonseed oil on ruminal metabolism and milk fat production were investigated. In our study, feeding a mix of pelleted and delinted cottonseeds appeared to modify ruminal fatty acid metabolic processes, decreasing the risk of milk fat depression and tending to increase dry matter intake and milk production over time compared with conventional or pelleted cottonseeds. In a second study, the effects of feeding Rumensin (R) in combination with animal vegetable (AV) fat or coconut oil were fed to six rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Using omasal collection, I measured microbial protein efficiency and nutrient digestibility. By feeding R to control the extent of amino acid deamination and combined with fat to control protozoal abundance, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis might be improved in dairy cows. Animal vegetable fat can be biohydrogenated in the rumen and decrease its effectiveness, but diets supplemented with coconut oil (CO; rich in medium chain FA) are more consistent in inhibiting protozoa. Total protozoal abundance was decreased by CO supplementation for all genera expect for Epidinium, which maintained its numbers but was decreased by AV+R. The low acetate to propionate ratio for CO was associated with a decreased ruminal NDF digestibility. There was no effect of diet on efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. DMI was 5 kg/d lower with CO. Milk production was lower when cows were fed CO than AV and when diets contained R. Milk fat depression (MFD) occurred with AV+R and CO. The decrease in protozoal abundance was not associated with an increase in microbial protein efficiency. The detrimental effect of CO on DMI affected the energy available for milk synthesis Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV and CO diets, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was inhibited with R and F supplementation. Higher trans 18:1 FA in milk fat was also observed for AV and CO. The feeding of CO did not prevent MFD, and no interactions between R and S were detected. The feeding of CO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat.
Author: Achim Hoffmann Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736986432 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Dietary lipid supplements in ruminant diets, whether from various natural sources or supplements such as rumen protected lipids, have a long history and are widely used. The main reasons for using these supplements include an increased energy density of dairy cow diets, e.g. in the early stage of lactation (Clapperton and Steele, 1983). Moreover, reproductive parameters might are affected as well by using lipid supplements, either indirectly by changes in the energy balance of cows or directly due to the effects of certain fatty acids (FA) on reproductive organs and processes (Leroy et al., 2014).
Author: Reilly Pierce Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Dietary fat is an important component on the diets of lactating dairy cattle. Concentration of dietary fat can be increase by feeding oilseeds or enriched fat supplements which allows cattle to partition energy differently which can lead to increases in milk fat concentration, milk fat yield, or milk yield. One common oilseed fed to dairy cattle is cottonseed, as it is high in fiber but also relatively high in fat compared to other common feedstuffs. Fat supplements are very high in fat (>95%) but are more expensive so dairy producers often strike a balance and may feed both fat supplements and oilseeds to dairy cattle. The first objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of cottonseed on milk production in dairy cattle. Previous research feeding cottonseed fed inclusion rates of cottonseed in excess of 15% of dry matter intake (DMI), but cattle were producing less milk and consuming less so therefore, the actual mass of the cottonseed consumed may not be as high as contemporary dairy cattle. This thesis fed cottonseed at up to 9.9% of DMI and found that cottonseed inclusion into the diets of multiparous cattle did not affect milk yield or milk composition but led to a decrease in DMI indicating that it could be safely fed to mature cows. In primiparous cattle, cottonseed inclusion induced milk fat-depression, indicating that the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet was greater than the biohydrogenation potential of the ruminal microbes of these animals. The second part of this thesis was to examine the effects of increased concentrations of an unsaturated fatty acid (cis-9 C18:1; oleic acid) in a prilled fat supplement on the milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Previous research suggests that oleic acid may increase digestibility of dietary fatty acids and consequently increase the amount of preformed fat for milk fat synthesis. This experiment indicated that fat supplementation in multiparous cows may decrease milk yield and DMI but was no effect of increased levels of oleic acid on other production components in dairy cattle. Further investigation of the data collected for each half of the thesis is required to determine the effects on the respective methods of fat supplementation on fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cattle.
Author: Jacob E. Copelin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Dairy cattle Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBa), a methionine analog, can alleviate dietary induced milk fat depression by increasing milk fat percent and changing the milk fatty acid profile. Branched chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) are important growth factors for rumen cellulolytic bacteria, which biohydrogenate polyunsaturated fatty acids into compounds that contribute to milk fat depression. Therefore, the objective of these experiments is to determine how HMTBa, BCVFA, or their combination affects rumen fermentation, milk production and profile, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. We hypothesized that HMTBa and BCVFA would improve rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduce risk of milk fat depression and that the combination of the two would have a synergistic effect. To test the hypothesis, three experiments were conducted: two in vitro batch cultures and an in vivo experiment. Experiment 1 used the following treatments: a typical diet (50:50 of forage to concentrate on a DM basis, CON), CON with the addition of 3.0% linoleic acid (DM basis, LA), LA with 0.1% D/L methionine (MET), and 0.1% of HMTBa (Rhodiment, Adisseo Inc.) in an in vitro system. Experiment 2 had the following treatments: a typical diet (60:40 of forage to concentrate on a DM basis, CON), CON with the addition of 3.0% linoleic acid (DM basis, LA), LA with 0.1% HMTBa, LA with equal molar proportions (1 mmol/L) of isovalerate, isobutyrate, and 2-methylbutyrate (BCVFA), and a combination of HMTBa and BCVFA (COMBO) in an in vitro system. Experiment 3 was designed as a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design using 5 ruminally cannulated and 5 non-cannulated lactating Holstein cows (194 ± 58 DIM) blocked by cannulated and non-cannulated cows. Treatment diets included a high forage diet (32.2% NDF of which 64.4% came from forage NDF, 24.0% starch, and 3.4% FA; HF), a low forage diet (28.9% NDF of which 60.1% came from forage NDF, 29.1% starch, and 3.5 FA; LF), LF with 0.1% HMTBa (LF-HMTBa), LF with equal molar proportions of isobutyrate, isovlalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate (LF-BCVFA), and LF with the combination of HMTBa and BCVFA (COMBO). All data were analyzed using mixed procedures of SAS. Experiment 1 and 2 were a completely randomized design with incubation as the random effect and treatment and hour as fixed effects. Means were compared within hour (each time point) by least significant difference. Experiment 3 was a 5 × 5 Latin square design with period and treatment were fixed effects and cow and cow within square as random effects. Day was used as repeated measures for production data, and hour replaced day for rumen fermentation analysis. In experiment 1 and 2, there were minimal changes in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid. There was no difference in either 18:1 trans-10 or 18:2 cis-12, trans-10 CLA in any treatment for either experiment 1 or 2. Supplementation of HMTBa increased (P
![Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/DFdYtAEACAAJ?fife=w150-h200)
Author: Carine Reveneau![Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/DFdYtAEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Carine Reveneau
Author: Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez
Author: Callee McConnell
Author: James W. Penfield
Author: Achim Hoffmann
Author: Kevin J. Harvatine
Author: Reilly Pierce
Author: Jacob E. Copelin