Author: Sarah R. Gaines
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College freshmen
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Book Description

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309089964
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 277

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Book Description
The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.

Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309283140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503

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Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College freshmen
Languages : en
Pages : 17

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Book Description
Weight gain among college freshmen appears to be increasing, potentially due to changes in environment, greater freedom, more stress, and a social atmosphere that encourages increased consumption of unhealthy foods and less physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an intervention conducted in 2009-2010 where college freshmen received nutrition information through email, text messages, or in-person meetings, and to determine which intervention yielded the greatest self-reported lifestyle change, reasons for not completing the study, and reasons non-responding students chose not to participate. One survey went to all sophomores, asking if they received the invitation, and if so, why they chose not to participate. Of the 689 respondents, 40% remembered receiving the invitation email, 33% said time was the main reason they didn't participate, 23% recommended shortening the survey, and 31% suggested including a prize for completing the survey. A second survey was sent to all 61 participants from the previous year's study to solicit their perceptions of the study, and 40 responded (11 email group, 7 text group, 9 classroom group, and 12 controls) with 90% having completed the study, and 75% of those not completing the study identified time as the reason. Although only 18% wrote down any of the tips, 43% had tried some of the tips, 20% said that the study had caused them to change some eating habits, and 23% stated that the study has caused them to change some physical activity habits. Although 20% could not remember any specific tips, 43% stated that they feel more aware of what they consume, and 50% stated that the topics provided the right amount of information. Overall, participants seemed pleased with information received and the method by which information was received; however, most said time constraints made it difficult to fully participate. Time appears to be the factor having the greatest effect on student participation in research on freshman weight gain, and should be considered by educators when planning interventions.

Author: Thomas A. Wadden
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462535569
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 737

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Book Description
The leading clinical reference work in the field--now significantly revised with 85% new material--this handbook has given thousands of practitioners and students a comprehensive understanding of the causes, consequences, and management of adult and childhood obesity. In concise, extensively referenced chapters from preeminent authorities, the Handbook presents foundational knowledge and reviews the state of the science of evidence-based psychosocial and lifestyle interventions as well as pharmacological and surgical treatments. It provides guidelines for conducting psychosocial and medical assessments and for developing individualized treatment plans. The effects of obesity--and of weight loss--on physical and psychological well-being are reviewed, as are strategies for helping patients maintain their weight loss. New to This Edition *Many new authors and topics; extensively revised and expanded with over 15 years of research and clinical advances, including breakthroughs in understanding the biological regulation of appetite and body weight. *Section on contributors to obesity, with new chapters on food choices, physical activity, sleep, and psychosocial and environmental factors. *Chapters on novel treatments for adults--acceptance and commitment therapy, motivational interviewing, digitally based interventions, behavioral economics, community-based programs, and nonsurgical devices. *Chapters on novel treatments for children and adolescents--school-based preventive interventions, pharmacological treatment, and bariatric surgery. *Chapters on the gut microbiome, the emerging field of obesity medicine, reimbursement for weight loss therapies, and managing co-occurring eating disorders and obesity.

Author: Tristan Thibodeau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College freshmen
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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Book Description
College freshmen are exposed to a variety of environmental and social factors that can alter changes to health habits and encourage weight gain. Weight-related conversations had with friends may be related to self-perception of weight and alterations to health behaviors, but this association has yet to be assessed in the college population. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between friend advice about weight management, self-perception of weight, and alterations to weight change intentions, physical activity, and eating habits in college freshmen over time. Methods: College freshmen from ASU with complete data for three time points (n=321) were found to be predominantly female (72.2%) and non-white (53.2%) with a mean age of 17.5±41. Complete data included responses for items included in analysis which were related to friend encouragement about weigh management, self-perception of weight, physical activity, eating behaviors, and weight change intentions. A longitudinal multivariate mediation analysis using negative binomial regression adjusted for sociodemographics and clustering by dorm was used to assess the relationship between 1) friend encouragement about weight management at time 1 and behavioral outcomes at time 3, 2) friend encouragement about weight management at time 1 and self-perception of weight at time 2, and 3) self-perception of weight at time 2 and behavioral outcomes at time 3. Results: A small proportion of population perceived friend encouragement about weight loss (18.3%) and weight gain (14.4%) at time 1. Half the population (50.9%) had the self-perception of overweight at time 2. At time 3, more than half (54.3%) of individuals performed at least 60 minutes of MVPA and consumed at least a serving of sugar-sweetened beverages each day, while nearly half (48.6%) consumed at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Males perceived more friend encouragement to gain weight (27.4%; p

Author: Isabelle Romieu
Publisher: IARC Working Group Report
ISBN: 9789283225195
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765

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Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Author: Noah C. Neuenfeldt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69

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Book Description
College students believe that university weight management interventions impact their health habits. This suggests that universities can play a large role in encouraging students to be active. The purpose of this study was to investigate this claim and to acquire a better understanding of weight change in first year college students in the first semester. We specifically sought to identify the variables that influence weight gain, as well as determine the awareness and usage of resources available to the students. A survey was given to first year students addressing the variables of interest including change in weight and Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as awareness, usage, and preference of resources on campus. There were 176 participants in the study, 90 males and 86 females, with an average age of 18.3±0.7 (mean±SD) years. They gained an average of 1.6 lbs. (159.3±40.0 to 160.9±39.8) and had an average increase in BMI of 0.2 (24.1±5.5 to 24.3±5.4) in their first semester. Those who expected to gain weight may be at risk of gaining weight ±2(4, n=176)=27.729, p±.001. Many students are aware of the resources on campus but do not use them. This study shows that students who expectations influence weight status and that student awareness and usage of resources can be improved upon.

Author: Julie Ann Jensen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College students
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Book Description
Students are entering college heavier than ever before and some are gaining weight faster than the general population. Weight studies have been conducted, but are limited in scope about how behavior related choices are made. This study was an effort to determine weight stability and to explore the influences of eating and physical activity habits, among undergraduate students attending Oregon State University (OSU) during the 2004-2005 school year. The study methodology included: Phase One, involving anthropometric and demographic data collection on students enrolled in a class entitled 0́−Lifetime Fitness0́+ (HHS 241) during fall quarter 2004 and Phase Two, exploring influences upon behavior via focus groups from a subset of Phase One participants. Phase One revealed that students gained weight (M=2.62 pounds, SD = 5.42 pounds) during the first eight weeks of fall term. Seventy percent of students had a normal weight BMI classification at the start of the term. By the tenth week, the percentage had dropped to 68% and the incidence of obesity and overweight rose from 25% to 28%. The Phase 2 focus groups discussions revealed that most college students could describe a healthy lifestyle, but may fail to practice such. Lack of time and money, as well as other priorities were all sighted as reasons for not practicing healthy behaviors. Those that were most successful in practicing healthy eating and exercise habits believed that success in one habit led to success in the other. Intrinsic motivation was most likely to lead to healthy behaviors. The strongest influences on food choice were time, money, and the perception of availability and quality of food. The most frequently discussed motivator for exercise was enjoyment. Discussion about eating healthfully seemed to reflect their perception that it was more challenging than being physically active. Friends and roommates were both positive and negative influences, and constitute the primary support system for college behavior choices. Life skills and discipline are needed to practice healthy lifestyle behaviors and only a few participants appeared to be equipped with these. Most participants made statements that suggest a lack the rational decision making skills and maturity needed to consistently adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Some participants struggled with devising strategies to manage their eating and exercise behaviors. This preliminary study revealed some outcomes that need further exploration. Students need a clearer and more accurate understanding of what makes a food healthy. Strategies to encourage intrinsic motivators for eating and exercise, providing peer reinforcement for exercise and finding strategies to build exercise into the busy schedule of a college student are areas needing further exploration.