Dictionary of Formal Words: Vocabulary Building PDF Download

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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2600 Useful Formal Words and Their Meanings Formal words are used in the official language. These words are used in ‘official’ or formal writing. In this book, you will study and learn useful formal words, the names of parts of speech they belong to and their meanings. || Sample This: Formal Words -- A 01 -- abandonment [n.] -- (a). the act of leaving a person, place or thing without intending to return | (b). the act of giving up a practice, a course of action or a way of thinking completely and permanently [synonyms: desertion, forsaking] 02 -- abate [v.] -- to become less strong or widespread; to make something less strong or widespread. [synonyms: decline, subside] 03 -- abhorrence [n.] -- a feeling of strong hate for a way of thinking or behaving for moral reasons [synonyms: detestation, disgust, hatred, loathing, repugnance] 04 -- abstemious [adj.] -- not allowing yourself to indulge too much in enjoyable activities such as eating food or drinking alcohol [synonym: ascetic] 05 -- abstraction [n.] -- (a). a general idea or quality rather than a real person, object, event or situation | (b). the state of thinking deeply about sth and lacking concentration or not paying attention to what is happening around one. [synonyms: absentmindedness, inattentiveness, distractedness] 06 -- abstruse [adj.] -- complicated and difficult to understand especially when it could be explained in an easier way [synonyms: perplexing, puzzling] 07 -- abut [v.] -- (of an area of land or a building) to be next to sth or to have a common boundary with the side of sth [synonym: adjoin] 08 -- abyss [n.] -- (a). a very deep wide crack or opening in the ground 09 -- acclamation [n.] -- loud, noisy and enthusiastic approval or welcome [synonyms: approbation, commendation] 10 -- ache [v.] -- (b). to have a strong desire for sb/sth or to do sth 11 -- acme [n.] -- the highest point or stage of development, achievement or the most excellent example of sth [synonyms: peak, summit, zenith] 12 -- acolyte [n.] -- a person who attends, follows and helps a leader 13 -- aesthete [n.] -- a person who has a love, understanding, sensitivity and appreciation of works of art and beautiful things 14 -- affecting [adj.] -- producing strong feelings of distress, pity, regret, sorrow, or sympathy, etc. 15 -- aged [adj.] -- very old; grown old [synonym: matured] 16 -- aggrandize [v.] -- to increase power, wealth, importance or status of a person or country [synonyms: enhance, extend] 17 -- airy [adj.] -- (a). showing no worry about sth or not treating sth as serious | (b). -- not serious or practical 18 -- akin [adj.] -- (a). having some of the essential same qualities [synonym: similar] | (b). related by blood 19 -- allusive [adj.] -- containing a word or phrase that makes a reference to a specific person, event, place, etc. in an indirect way 20 -- aloft [adv.] -- high up in or into the air; far above the ground [synonym: overhead] 21 -- amid (prep.] -- (a). in the middle or course of something (b). surrounded by sth 22 -- amity [n.] -- a friendly relationship [synonyms: concord, harmony] 23 -- anew [adv.] -- (a). again but in a new or different and more positive way | (b). once more [synonym: again] 24 -- anodyne [adj.] -- not likely to cause disagreement or offense; not expressing strong opinions [synonyms: bland, insipid] | (b). capable of relieving pain 25 -- antagonistically (adv.) -- In a manner that shows or feels dislike or opposition [synonym: hostility] 26 -- arcane [adj.] -- strange, secret and mysterious and therefore knowable or understandable only to a few people [synonyms: esoteric, unfathomable] 27 -- artifice [n.] -- the clever use of tricks to cheat or deceive sb [synonyms: deception, pretense] | (b). a skilled piece of workmanship 28 -- audacity [n.] -- rude, shocking or disrespectful behavior [synonyms: cheek, daring, impudence, nerve] 29 -- august [adj.] -- respected, dignified and impressive [synonyms: imposing, majestic] 30 -- aureate [adj.] -- (a). (especially of language) decorated or elaborated in a complicated way | (b). made of gold or having the color of gold [synonym: golden] 31 -- aver [v.] -- to state firmly that sth is certainly true [synonyms: assert, avow] 32 -- avow [v.] -- to publicly express your opinion about sth in a firm way [synonym: affirm]

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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What are “Humorous Words”? What is Humor? [HUMOUR [(British English) | HUMOR (AMERICAN ENGLISH)] Humor is something that is funny, comical, or amusing Definition of ‘Humorous Words’ Words that are intended to be amusing, entertaining, funny, or comical are called humorous words. Examples: beak [noun] – large or pointed nose of somebody ego-surfing [noun] – the activity of searching your name on different websites on the Internet iron rations [noun] – a small amount of food carried for an emergency by soldiers, etc. while climbing or walking unhand [verb] – to release somebody that you are holding Besides “Humorous Words”, there are some Idioms and Phrasal Verbs which are used to express humor (amusement or funniness) Example- (idiom): a big cheese – a very important and influential person in a big organization Example- (phrasal verb): gird (up) your loins – to get ready to do a difficult task or activity NOTE: Many ‘Humorous Words’ are also used in ‘formal’, ‘informal’ or other sense Example: BEAST beast [noun] [Humorous] – a person or thing who is unpleasant beast [noun] [Informal] – a thing of a particular type beast [noun] [Formal] – a large and dangerous animal A detailed list of ‘humorous words’, parts of speech they belong to, and their meanings are as follows: Humorous Words -- A abaya [noun] a full-length, sleeveless outer garment worn by Arabs abdicate [verb] to give up all hope of ever having a flat stomach abibliophobia [noun] the fear of running out of reading material abomasums [noun] the fourth stomach of a ruminant, such as a cow or a sheep absquatulate [verb] to abruptly leave or abscond with something academe [noun] the world of studying, teaching, etc. at academic institutions e.g. universities and colleges accoutrements (accouterments) [noun] pieces of equipment that are required for an activity; accessories acerbate [verb] to embitter somebody acidulous [adjective] rather sour or sharp in speech, manner, etc. adjourn to… [phrasal verb] to go to another place to calm down of advanced years | sb's advanced age [idiom] used to show that somebody is ‘very old’ or aged agelast [noun] one who never laughs aglet [noun] the plastic tip on the end of a shoelace alack [exclamation] used to express sadness or regret allegator [noun] someone who alleges allergic [adjective] strong dislike towards somebody amatory [adjective] relating to physical activity or desire amphibology [noun] grammatically ambiguous phrase or sentence (e.g.: he talked to his son and his daughter) amphisbaena [noun] a mythical serpent with a head at each end anencephalous [adjective] lacking a brain anfractuous [adjective] circuitous or winding anguilliform [adjective] resembling an eel anserine [adjective] goose-like | silly or foolish antediluvian [adjective] traditional or out-of-date anthropophagy [noun] cannibalism apolaustic [adjective] devoted to the seeking of enjoyment apple-knocker [noun] an ignorant or unsophisticated person appurtenance [noun] a smaller part of something larger, superior or more significant archipelago [noun] a chain of islands argle-bargle [noun] meaningless and abundant talk or writing

Author: Keith S. Folse
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 9780194399951
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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50 lessons with 130 activities and write-in exercises Each lesson focuses on an area of language, with the emphasis on vocabulary extension and the Oxford 3000TM (the most important words to learn in English) Each lesson encourages students to explore different dictionary entries (taken from the Oxford American Dictionary for learners of English), so that they know how the dictionary helps with pronunciation, parts of speech, and using words correctly Focus on useful vocabulary with the Word Banks The Wordlist in the back of the book shows all the words that are taught in the 50 lessons.

Author: John A. Simpson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780195218893
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages :

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The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0.

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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Book Description
500 Words and Their Synonyms A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. Sample This: English Synonyms – A 001. ABET -- (meaning) to encourage somebody to do something illegal Synonyms for ‘Abet’ -- incite / instigate / provoke ****** 002. ABEYANCE -- (meaning) being stopped for a period of time Synonyms for ‘Abeyance’ -- dormancy / intermission / suspension ****** 003. ABILITY -- (meaning) the fact that somebody is able to do something Synonyms for ‘Ability’ -- aptitude / capability / competence / knack / potential / proficiency / skill / talent ****** 004. ABLAZE -- (meaning) burning; on fire Synonyms for ‘Ablaze’ -- aflame / afire / alight ****** 005. ABRASIVE -- (meaning) not smooth Synonyms for ‘Abrasive’ -- coarse / harsh / rough ****** 006. ABSENCE -- (meaning) not available, present, etc. Synonyms for ‘Absence’ -- nonexistence / nonappearance / nonattendance ****** 007. ABSTRUSE -- (meaning) difficult to understand Synonyms for ‘Abstruse’ -- arcane / complicated / convoluted / esoteric / garbled / inarticulate / incoherent / incomprehensible / indecipherable / inexplicable / intricate / obscure / rarefied / recondite / unfathomable / unintelligible / unplumbed ****** 008. ABUSE -- (meaning) unfair or cruel treatment Synonyms for ‘Abuse’ -- brutality / cruelty / exploitation / ill-treatment / maltreatment / mistreatment / misuse / spitefulness / viciousness ****** 009. ABYSS -- (meaning) a very deep crack in the ground Synonyms for ‘Abyss’ -- chasm / gulf ****** 010. ACCEDE -- (meaning) to agree to a demand, request, proposal, etc. Synonyms for ‘Accede’ -- acquiesce / approve / assent / commend / comply / endorse / grant / permission / ratify / sanction ****** 011. ACCENTUATE -- (meaning) to make something more noticeable Synonyms for ‘Accentuate’ -- emphasize / highlight / underline / underscore ****** 012. ACCLIMATIZE -- (meaning) to get used to the new situation Synonyms for ‘Acclimatize’ -- adapt / adjust ****** 013. ACCOMPLISH -- (meaning) to succeed in getting something Synonyms for ‘Accomplish’ -- attain / conquer / manage ****** 014. ACCOST -- (meaning) to come near to somebody/something Synonyms for ‘Accost’ -- advance / approach / confront ****** 015. ACCREDITED -- (meaning) officially recognized Synonyms for ‘Accredited’ -- certified / endorsed / licensed ****** 016. ACCRUAL -- (meaning) increase in something over a period of time Synonyms for ‘Accrual’ -- accretion / addition / amassing / buildup / gathering ****** 017. ACCUSE -- (meaning) to say somebody is guilty of something Synonyms for ‘Accuse’ -- arraign / blame / charge / impeach / indict / prosecute ****** 018. ACQUIT -- (meaning) to say officially that somebody is not guilty of a crime Synonyms for ‘Acquit’ -- absolve / exculpate / exonerate ****** 019. ADMIRATION -- (meaning) praise or approval Synonyms for ‘Admiration’ -- acclaim / accolade / applause / approbation / commendation / ovation ****** 020. ADMIRING -- (meaning) behavior that shows that you respect somebody/something Synonyms for ‘Admiring’ -- chivalrous / considerate / courteous / deferential / gracious / respectful / reverent / reverential ****** 021. ADROIT -- (meaning) skillful and accurate Synonyms for ‘Adroit’ -- agile / deft / dexterous / natty / nifty / nimble / swift ****** 022. ALARMING -- (meaning) causing feelings of fear and worry Synonyms for ‘Alarming’ -- baffling / bewildering / confounding / disconcerting / disquieting / distressing / perplexing / puzzling / tormenting / upsetting / worrying ******

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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1625 Approving and Disapproving Words Approving words in English are words that are used to show something (action, state, etc.) that you generally approve of or think is good. On the other hand, disapproving words in English are words that are used to show something (action, state, etc.) that you generally don’t approve of or think is bad. In this book, you will study and learn various common approving and disapproving words, the parts of speech they belong to and their meanings. Sample This: 01 -- abstruse [adj.] (often disapproving) -- complicated and difficult to understand especially when could be explained in an easier way [synonyms: perplexing, puzzling] 02 -- acquisitive [adj.] (disapproving) -- eager to own to acquire and own money or new possessions (material things) in a greedy way [synonyms: covetous, materialistic] 03 -- acquisitiveness [n.] (disapproving) -- excessive interest in acquiring and owning money or new possessions (material things) in a greedy way [synonyms: covetousness, hoarding, materialism] 04 -- adaptability [n.] (approving) -- (a). the quality of being able to adjust or be adjusted to deal with new and different situations or conditions [synonym: flexibility] | (b). the quality of being able to be modified or suited for a new use or purpose 05 -- adaptable [adj.] (approving) -- (a). to able to adjust or be adjusted to deal with new and different situations or conditions [synonym: flexible] | (b). to able to be modified or suited for a new use or purpose 06 -- adaptableness [n.] (approving) -- (a). the quality of being able to adjust or be adjusted to deal with new and different situations or conditions [synonym: flexibility] | (b). the quality of being able to be modified or suited for a new use or purpose 07 -- adventurer [n.] (often disapproving) -- a man who enjoys taking risks or is willing to take risks with a view to acquire political power or get success in a business, sometimes in a dishonest way 08 -- adventuress [n.] (often disapproving) -- a woman who enjoys taking risks or is willing to take risks with a view to acquire political power or get success in a business, sometimes in a dishonest way 09 -- adventurism [n.] (disapproving) -- a willingness to take risks with a view to acquire political power or to get success in a business, sometimes in a dishonest way 10 -- aesthete [n.] (sometimes disapproving) -- a person who has a love, understanding, sensitivity and appreciation of works of art and beautiful things 11 -- affect [v.] (disapproving) -- to try to impress other people by using or wearing sth that looks special/unique; to behave insincerely or unnaturally to impress other people [synonym: put on] 12 -- aggrandize [v.] (disapproving) -- to increase power, wealth, importance or status of a person or country [synonyms: enhance; extend] 13 -- aggrandizement [n.] (disapproving) -- an increase in the power, wealth, importance or status of a person or country [synonyms: enhancement; extension] 14 -- agitator [n.] (disapproving) -- a person who urges others to take part in a protest or rebel, especially a political one [synonyms: campaigner, dissenter, protestor] 15 -- airhead [n.] (disapproving) -- an unintelligent or stupid person [synonym: dreamer] 16 -- airy [adj.] (disapproving) -- not serious or practical 17 -- alarmist [adj.] (disapproving) -- causing unnecessary fear and worry about sth dangerous and unpleasant [synonyms: gloomy, panicky, pessimistic] || [n.] (disapproving) -- a person who causes unnecessary fear and worry about sth dangerous and unpleasant [synonyms: cynic, pessimist, worrywart] 18 -- alien [adj.] (a). (often disapproving) -- from another country, culture or society; not native [synonym: foreign] | (b). (disapproving) -- unusual or unacceptable 19 -- amateur [n.] (usually disapproving) -- an unskilled person [synonym: layperson] 20 -- amateurish [adj.] (usually disapproving) -- done incompetently, inexpertly or unskillfully [synonym: unprofessional] 21 – ambulance chaser [n.] (disapproving) -- a lawyer who earns money by making victims of accident file claims in court 22 -- antiquated [adj.] (usually disapproving) -- (of things or ideas) out-of-date and no longer useful, suitable or accepted for modern conditions [synonyms: obsolete, outdated, outmoded] 23 -- ape [v.] (disapproving) -- (a). to do sth in the same way as sb else, however not in a proper manner [synonym: imitate] | (b). to irritate or make fun of sb by copying the way they behave, talk, or walk, etc in an absurd manner [synonym: mimic] 24 -- appease [v.] (usually disapproving) -- (a). to make sb calmer and prevent them from harming you by accepting their demands [synonyms: conciliate; soothe; pacify] | (b). to make or preserve peace with a nation and avoid war by giving it what they want 25 -- appeasement [n.] (usually disapproving) -- (a). the act or action of making sb calmer and preventing them from harming you by accepting their demands [synonym: conciliation] | (b). the act or action of making or preserving peace with a nation and avoiding war by giving it what they want

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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What are “Informal Words?” Informal Words are connected with normal communication with your colleagues, acquaintances, family members, etc. Informal words are more common in speech than in writing. Informal words are used in the ‘unofficial’ language. These words are not used in ‘official’ or formal writing. This book covers around 1400 Informal words (including the names of parts of speech they belong to) and their meanings NOTE: Many informal words are used in both American and British English in the same way. However, some informal words are particularly used in American English only. Similarly, some informal words are particularly used in British English only. Sample This: Informal Words– A A1 [adjective] -- very good abs [noun] -- the muscles of the abdomen ace [adjective | noun] -- very good | number one achy [adjective] -- affected by an uninterrupted pain that is small in degree ack-ack [noun] -- the non-stop firing of guns at aircraft ad [noun] -- advertisement adman [noun] -- a person who works in advertising or promotion adore [verb] -- to be very fond of something aggravate [verb] -- to intentionally irritate somebody a gogo [adjective] -- in large quantities airhead [noun] -- an unintelligent or stupid person all [adverb] -- enormously allergic [adjective] -- having an aversion to somebody/something all right [adverb] -- used to emphasize something almighty [adjective] -- enormous or severe alphabet soup [noun] -- an extremely difficult language with abbreviations or symbols ammo [noun] -- ammunition [supply of bullets, etc; very important information for argument] amp [noun] -- amplifier [a type of electrical device] appalling [adjective] -- extremely bad or poor arm candy [noun] -- a beautiful woman accompanied by a man in a public event arm-twisting [noun] -- the use of physical power or great pressure to convince somebody to do something artsy (arty) [adjective] -- enormously interested in the arts artsy-fartsy (arty-farty) [adjective] -- connected with the arts Aussie [noun] -- a person or native of Australia awful [adjective] -- very bad | used to emphasize a large quantity or sum of something ax (axe) [verb] -- to kill somebody with an ax (axe) | to get rid of a scheme, service, system, etc. | to dismiss somebody from their job *********** INFORMAL WORDS -- Particularly Used In AMERICAN ENGLISH: ace [verb] -- to be successful all-nighter [noun] -- a time when somebody stays awake all night, mainly for studying ambulance chaser [noun] -- a lawyer connected with cases of accident claims amped [adjective] -- excited antsy [adjective] -- unable to keep still any [adverb] -- ‘at all’ [used at the end of negative sentences] A-OK [adjective] -- in satisfactory or perfect condition, manner or style. attaboy / attagirl [exclamation] -- used to admire or encourage a boy or man/girl or woman awesome [adjective] -- first-rate, excellent or pleasurable awful [adverb] -- extremely or enormously INFORMAL WORDS -- Particularly Used In BRITISH ENGLISH: admin [noun] -- Administration [activities connected with organizing something] afters [noun] -- a sweet dish that is eaten after a meal ages -- [noun] a very long time aggro [noun] -- cruel, hostile and aggressive behavior airy-fairy [adjective] -- impractical, unreasonable, unclear all right [exclamation] -- used to say hello all-singing, all-dancing [adjective] -- (of a machine) having advanced features anorak [noun] -- a boring person who is very fond of learning facts or collecting things appro [noun] -- on approval [connected with shopping activities] argy-bargy [noun] -- noisy argument or difference of opinions

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 55

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One-Word Substitutes: A Word that is used in place of a complete sentence This book covers the following topics: (01). Related Words (02). Scientific Studies (03). That Which Cannot Be… (04). Types of Behavior (05). Types of Doctors (06). Different Instruments (07). A Particular Type of Place (08). A Particular Type of Person (09). Phobia and Mania (10). Connected With… (11). Country-Government (12). Types of States (13). Types of Statements (14). Money-Related (15). Other Topics (A). Professions (B). A Collection of Things (C). Act of Killing (D). Physical Appearance of A Person (16). Various One-word Substitutes Sample This: (01). Related Words 01a. A person who looks at the bright side of things -- Optimist 01b. A person who looks at the dark side of things -- Pessimist 02a. All the animals living in a particular area -- Fauna 02b. Plants and vegetation in a particular area -- Flora 03a. A government tax on goods brought into the country -- Customs 03b. A government tax on goods made within a country -- Excise 04a. A person who is more interested in others -- Extrovert 04b. A person who keeps himself to himself -- Introvert 05a. That which cannot be harmful or dangerous -- Innocuous 05b. Causing serious harm in a gradual or unnoticeable way -- Insidious 06a. A person who is taking an examination -- Examinee 06b. A person who examines the copies of examinees -- Examiner 07a. A person who talks too much -- Garrulous/Loquacious 07b. A person who eats too much -- Glutton 08a. To suddenly change direction -- Deflect 08b. To keep on changing direction during movement -- Meander 09a. Ability to know something on the basis of feelings rather than reasoning -- Intuition 09b. Ability to speak without moving your lips -- Ventriloquism 10a. To change a law in order to improve it -- Amend 10b. To correct the mistakes in the manuscript, etc. -- Emend 11a. A person between 70 and 79 years old -- Septuagenarian 11b. A person between 80 and 89 years old -- Octogenarian 12a. Animals having spinal column -- Vertebrate 12b. An animal with thick skin -- Pachyderm 13a. Obeying rules and requests -- Compliance 13b. Open refusal to obey -- Defiance 14a. The state of being married -- Matrimony 14b. The state of being unmarried -- Bachelorhood 15a. A woman whose husband has died -- Widow 15b. A man whose wife has died -- Widower 16a. Things of different nature -- Heterogeneous 16b. Things of the same nature -- Homogeneous 17a. A religious song -- Hymn 17b. A pleasant song used for causing children to sleep -- Lullaby 18a. To rise in value -- Appreciate 18b. To go down in value -- Depreciate 19a. A disorder in which a person eats too little because of abnormal fear of being fat -- Anorexia 19b. A disorder in which a person repeatedly eats too much -- Bulimia 20a. To increase the intensity of a disease -- Aggravate 20b. To go from bad to worse – Deteriorate 21a. A school for small children -- Kindergarten 21b. A student who has left school or class without permission -- Truant 22a. To free somebody from all blame -- Exonerate 22b. To free a person from a charge by verdict -- Acquit 23a. A co-worker in the same institution -- Colleague 23b. Equal in rank -- Peer 24a. An office with a high salary but no work -- Sinecure 24b. A position in an organization without salary -- Honorary 25a. An assembly of hearers at a lecture or concert -- Audience 25b. An assembly of worshippers -- Congregation

Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 129

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What are “Compound Words”? A compound word consists of two or more base words. The meaning of Compound words is often different from the separate base words. Compound Words and Parts of Speech Compound words are mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Kinds of Compound Words Compound words are of three types: (A). Closed Compound Words: Words are joined together. There is no space or hyphen between the words. Examples: firefly / softball / redhead / keyboard / makeup / notebook (B). Hyphenated Compound Words: Words are joined together by a hyphen. Examples: daughter-in-law / half-sister / over-the-counter / six-year-old (C). Open Compound Words: Words are not joined together. Words are open or separate. In other words, there is a space between the words. Examples: post office / real estate / full moon Some general rules regarding the use of hyphens:- Compound Adjectives are often hyphenated. If a compound adjective precedes a noun, they are hyphenated Examples: low-paying job [low- paying is a compound adjective; job is a noun] easy-going celebrity [easy-going is a compound adjective; celebrity is a noun] Adverbs that end in –ly and compounded with another modifier are generally not hyphenated: Examples: deeply held beliefs genetically modified foods highly placed sources quietly organized meeting ALSO NOTE: 1. Some compound words may have more than one form but these forms may belong to different parts of speech. Examples: bread and butter [open form] [noun] bread-and-butter [closed form] [adjective] charge sheet [open form][noun] chargesheet [closed form] [verb] fast track [open form] [noun] fast-track [hyphenated form] [adjective, verb] first degree [open form] [noun] first-degree [hyphenated form] [adjective] full time [open form] [noun] full-time [hyphenated form] [adjective, adverb] gift wrap [open form] [noun] gift-wrap [hyphenated form] [verb] hard core [open form] [noun] hard-core [hyphenated form] [adjective] hard line [open form] [noun] hard-line [hyphenated form] [adjective] road test [open form] [noun] road-test [hyphenated form] [verb] second hand [open form] [noun] second-hand [hyphenated form] [adjective] 2. Some compound words which are hyphenated in American English are not hyphenated in British English. Example: cash-back [American English]; cashback [British English] 3. Compound words are mainly formed in the following ways: (a). adjective + adjective [example: bittersweet] (b). adjective + noun [example: blackboard] (c). adjective + verb [example: broadcast] (d). adjective + past participle [example: cold-blooded] (e). adjective + present participle [example: free-standing] (f). adverb (or preposition) + adjective [example: ingrown] (g). adverb (or preposition) + noun [example: afterlife] (h). adverb (or preposition) + verb [example: cutback] (i). adverb + past participle [example: brightly lit] (j). adverb + present participle [example: long-lasting] (k). noun + adjective [example: blood red] (l). noun + adverb (or preposition) [example: hanger-on] (m). noun + noun [example: airman] (n). noun + verb [example: air-condition] (o). noun + past participle [example: sun-dried] (p). verb + adverb (or preposition) [example: breakdown] (q). verb + noun [example: bathroom] (r). gerund + noun [example: bleaching powder] (s). noun + gerund [example: air-conditioning] A detailed list of Compound words in Alphabetical Order. [All compound words have been grouped according to the parts of speech they belong to.)

Author: Edward J. Kame'enui
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1462504000
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 370

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Book Description
This highly regarded work brings together prominent authorities on vocabulary teaching and learning to provide a comprehensive yet concise guide to effective instruction. The book showcases practical ways to teach specific vocabulary words and word-learning strategies and create engaging, word-rich classrooms. Instructional activities and games for diverse learners are brought to life with detailed examples. Drawing on the most rigorous research available, the editors and contributors distill what PreK-8 teachers need to know and do to support all students' ongoing vocabulary growth and enjoyment of reading. New to This Edition*Reflects the latest research and instructional practices.*New section (five chapters) on pressing current issues in the field: assessment, authentic reading experiences, English language learners, uses of multimedia tools, and the vocabularies of narrative and informational texts.*Contributor panel expanded with additional leading researchers.