Development of Wafer Bonded Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers PDF Download

Author: Yanyan Xiong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Author: Timothy M. Calvert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lasers
Languages : en
Pages : 197

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As coaxial cable networks rapidly approach their data carrying limit an alternative method of data solution to this problem is needed to cope with the demand for high data rates. A low cost solution to this problem is to transmit data in parallel via cheap multimode plastic fibre ribbons and to use monolithic arrays of red VCSELs as the optical transmitters. VCSELs' intrinsic high speed, planar geometry and circular beam profile make them ideally suited for such systems. Other commercial applications include bar code readers, laser printing, visible displays (such as head up displays) and the automotive and aerospace industry. Visible VCSELs suffer from excess heating due to several factors. In particular the top p-doped A1GaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror presents a high series resistance due to the large valance band offset leading to strong Ohmic heating and poor thermal impedance. This situation is amplified by the stipulation that the VCSEL is bonded down with the p-doped mirror uppermost, which further increases the thermal impedance of the packaged laser.To overcome these problems this work considers methods of extracting the heat generated internally by examining different fabrication schemes. By means of a thermal model developed, the optimum fabrication parameters with regard to mesa diameter and substrate thickness that provide the most efficient heat extraction from the devices are determined. The use of substrate etch back and wafer-bonding techniques will allow the VCSEL to be processed on alternative substrates such as Si which will improve the device heat sinking due to silicon's good thermal conductivity. In addition, the ability to fabricate VCSELs on Si increases the feasibility of integration with Si CMOS electronics.This work has produced devices emitting at 668 nm (20°C) with record heat sink temperature operation up to 80°C and over 1 mW single mode output power at 20°C. Devices emitting at 665 nm and 675 nm have been fabricated, producing multimode output powers at 20°C of 2 mW and 2.8 mW respectively. Bondable VCSELs have been successfully transferred to non GaAs substrates with no deterioration of performance. A six-element array operating at 675 nm capable of being butt coupled to 125 ~m diameter fibre has produced over 12 mW output power at 20°C with no evidence of thermal cross talk between elements in the array.

Author: Michael Jetter
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527807977
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 584

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Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers Provides comprehensive coverage of the advancement of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) emit coherent light from the infrared to the visible spectral range with high power output. Recent years have seen new device developments – such as the mode-locked integrated (MIXSEL) and the membrane external-cavity surface emitting laser (MECSEL) – expand the application of VECSELs to include laser cooling, spectroscopy, telecommunications, biophotonics, and laser-based displays and projectors. In Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: VECSEL Technology and Applications, leading international research groups provide a comprehensive, fully up-to-date account of all fundamental and technological aspects of vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers. This unique book reviews the physics and technology of optically-pumped disk lasers and discusses the latest developments of VECSEL devices in different wavelength ranges. Topics include OP-VECSEL physics, continuous wave (CW) lasers, frequency doubling, carrier dynamics in SESAMs, and characterization of nonlinear lensing in VECSEL gain samples. This authoritative volume: Summarizes new concepts of DBR-free and MECSEL lasers for the first time Covers the mode-locking concept and its application Provides an overview of the emerging concept of self-mode locking Describes the development of next-generation OPS laser products Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: VECSEL Technology and Applications is an invaluable resource for laser specialists, semiconductor physicists, optical industry professionals, spectroscopists, telecommunications engineers and industrial physicists.

Author: Carl W. Wilmsen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521006293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478

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This book, first published in 1999, provides a comprehensive description of the physics, design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

Author: Terence Edward Sale
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Starting from basic principles, this book provides coverage of the operation and design of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). It includes original experimental work, backed up by calculations and theoretical analysis, and reviews work already done in the field.

Author: Tien Pei Lee
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814500348
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Book Description
With significant progress made in recent years, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as potential lightwave sources with a variety of applications, including high speed optical interconnects, parallel data links, optical recording, 2-D scanning, and optical signal processing. This volume, which contains a collection of articles by outstanding experts on this topic, encompasses a broad discussion of the current trends in the development of VCSELs. Discussions include material growths, structure designs, processing methods, performance analysis, improvement strategies, and future prospects. The collection provides a comprehensive overview that may help newcomers to this field as well as engineers and researchers who are engaged in the research and development of this new exciting device family.

Author: Herte Gebretsadik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Since the development of low loss optical fibers over 25 years ago, optical communications has become the system of choice for worldwide communication networks. Some of the many advantages over previous systems include: large transmission bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, low transmission loss, low weight, low power consumption, and relatively low cost. As multimedia services including the internet, cable television, high definition television (HDTV), and computer links become indispensable in our daily lives, large amounts of data must be transmitted through the information highway. This poses a serious challenge on the current communication network.

Author: Michael Herbert MacDougal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Author: Sean Sebastian O'Keefe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Author: Julian Cheng
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482282976
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description
Since first coming into existence in the early 90s, the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has made several quantum leaps in performance. The performance of VCSELs now exceeds that of edge-emitting lasers in many respects, and offers a superior optical beam and much easier monolithic integrability. As the VCSEL technology improves furth