Development of Vanadium-phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane. Quarterly Report, July - September 1996 PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
This document covers the period July-September, 1996. Activities included studies of the oxidation of dimethyl ether over vanadyl pyrophosphate and synthesis of all previously acquired kinetic data. This synthesis revealed the need for additional data on methane and methanol oxidation and these experiments were performed. A further series of methanol oxidation/dehydration experiments was conducted on samples with varying surface acidity that have been described in earlier reports. Oxidation of methane over Cr- promoted VPO was also reinvestigated. The kinetic studies performed to date allow us to determine optimum conditions for methanol and formaldehyde production from methane using VPO catalysts, and in particular determine the effect of lean conditions (excess oxygen), oxygen deficient conditions (used in most other methane oxidation studies), and the potential of using the catalyst as a stoichiometric oxidant or oxygen carrier. However, unpromoted VPO yields only CO as the primary oxidation product. Studies of promoters have shown improvements in the formaldehyde selectivity but no methanol has been observed. The best promoters tested have been Fe and Cr (results for Cr are described in this report). We have also examined the use of iron phosphate for the methane conversion reaction. FePO4is a more selectivity catalyst than the promoted VPO materials. Support of this iron phosphate on silica results in further improvements in selectivity. Current work is directed at understanding the improved selectivity for promoted VPO and at obtaining a knowledge of the optimum conditions for methane conversion of iron phosphate. 15 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
This document covers the period July-September, 1996. Activities included studies of the oxidation of dimethyl ether over vanadyl pyrophosphate and synthesis of all previously acquired kinetic data. This synthesis revealed the need for additional data on methane and methanol oxidation and these experiments were performed. A further series of methanol oxidation/dehydration experiments was conducted on samples with varying surface acidity that have been described in earlier reports. Oxidation of methane over Cr- promoted VPO was also reinvestigated. The kinetic studies performed to date allow us to determine optimum conditions for methanol and formaldehyde production from methane using VPO catalysts, and in particular determine the effect of lean conditions (excess oxygen), oxygen deficient conditions (used in most other methane oxidation studies), and the potential of using the catalyst as a stoichiometric oxidant or oxygen carrier. However, unpromoted VPO yields only CO as the primary oxidation product. Studies of promoters have shown improvements in the formaldehyde selectivity but no methanol has been observed. The best promoters tested have been Fe and Cr (results for Cr are described in this report). We have also examined the use of iron phosphate for the methane conversion reaction. FePO4is a more selectivity catalyst than the promoted VPO materials. Support of this iron phosphate on silica results in further improvements in selectivity. Current work is directed at understanding the improved selectivity for promoted VPO and at obtaining a knowledge of the optimum conditions for methane conversion of iron phosphate. 15 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
This document is the thirteenth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92110 {open_quotes}Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane{close_quotes} and covers the period April-June 1996. The basic premise of this project is that vanadyl pyrophosphate (VPO), a catalyst used commercially in the selective oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride, can be developed as a catalyst for selective methane oxidation. Data supporting this idea include published reports indicating moderate to high selectivity in oxidation of ethane, propane, and pentane, as well as butane. Methane oxidation is a much more difficult reaction to catalyze than that of other alkanes and it is expected that considerable modification of vanadyl pyrophosphate will be required for this application. It is well known that VPO can be modified extensively with a large number of different promoters and in particular that promoters can enhance selectivity and lower the temperature required for butane conversion.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
This document is the fifteenth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC921 'Development of Vanadium- Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane' and covers the period October-December, 1996. Vanadium phosphate, vanadyl pyrophosphate specifically, is used commercially to oxidize butane to maleic anhydride and is one of the few examples of an active and selective oxidation catalyst for alkanes. In this project we are examining this catalyst for the methane oxidation reaction. Initial process variable and kinetic studies indicated that vanadyl pyrophosphate is a reasonably active catalyst below 5000°C but produces CO as the primary product, no formaldehyde or methanol were observed. A number of approaches for modification of the phosphate catalyst to improve selectivity have been tried during this project. During this quarter we have obtained surface areas of catalysts prepared with modified surface acidity. The results confirm the enhanced activity of two of the modified preparations in methanol conversion (a test reaction for surface acid sites). In previous work we noted no improvement in methane oxidation selectivity for these catalysts. Surface areas, surface analysis by XPS, and bulk analysis by ICP-AA have been obtained for vanadyl pyrophosphate promoted by Cr, Cu, and Fe. These data indicate that roughly one tenth of the surface metal atoms are promoter. A similar analysis was obtained for the bulk. Preliminary examination of binding energies suggests a slightly more reduced surface for the Cr and Fe promoted catalysts which exhibit a significant selectivity to formaldehyde in methane oxidation. A more detailed kinetic model has also been developed to aid in comparing the promoted catalysts and is discussed. Plans for the coming months are outlined.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 15
Book Description
This document is the tenth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92110 {open_quotes}Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane{close_quotes}. Activities focused on testing of additional modified and promoted catalysts and characterization of these materials. Attempts at improving the sensitivity of our GC based analytical systems were also made with some success. Methanol oxidation studies were initiated. These results are reported. Specific accomplishments include: (1) Methane oxidation testing of a suite of catalysts promoted with most of the first row transition metals was completed. Several of these materials produced low, difficult to quantify yields of formaldehyde. (2) Characterization of these materials by XRD and FTIR was performed with the goal of correlating activity and selectivity with catalyst properties. (3) We began to characterize catalysts prepared via modified synthesis methods designed to enhance acidity using TGA measurements of acetonitrile chemisorption and methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether as a test reaction. (4) A catalyst prepared in the presence of naphthalene methanol as a structural disrupter was tested for activity in methane oxidation. It was found that this material produced low yields of formaldehyde which were difficult to quantify. (5) Preparation of catalysts with no Bronsted acid sites. This was accomplished by replacement of exchangeable protons with potassium, and (6) Methanol oxidation studies were initiated to provide an indication of catalyst activity for decomposition of this desired product and as a method of characterizing the catalyst surface.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
This document is the fourth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92110, {open_quotes}Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane.{close_quotes} During this quarter, the authors focused primarily on catalyst activity testing in the microreactor. Additional blank runs using methane and methanol were performed. Initial attempts at preparing a silica supported catalyst are described. These results are discussed in detail and plans for the coming quarter are outlined.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
Amax R & D will perform laboratory scale development of a promising, practical catalyst for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol. The primary component of this catalyst is vanadium-phosphate (VPO) which has shown good activity and selectivity in the partial oxidation of n-butane and propane but has not been studied in detail for methane oxidation. The goal of the project is to develop a catalyst which allows methane oxidation to methanol to be conducted at high conversion and selectivity. A low CH4/O2 ratio will be employed with air as the source of oxygen. Temperatures below 600°C and pressures up to 20 atm are to be investigated. The use of steam in the feed gas will also be investigated. The catalyst development strategy will be to utilize promoters and supports to improve the activity and selectivity of the unmodified VPO catalyst. The catalyst testing reactor system was used to perform blank (empty) reactor runs over a wide range of temperatures, pressure, and flow rates. No methane conversion was observed at temperatures of 500°C or lower in any of the tests. At higher temperatures, significant methane conversion to carbon dioxide was observed. At 550°C, 300 psig, and the highest flow rate studied, reactor ignition was observed. Based on the results of these blank runs, we conclude that catalyst testing should be performed at temperatures not to exceed 500°C.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
This document is the third quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. AC22-92PC92110, ''Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane.'' During this quarter, we have continued to develop methods for catalyst activation by investigating activation in wet gas environments. This procedure leads to the formation of highly crystalline (VO)2P2O--, while activation under identical conditions, but with no moisture, leads to a poorly crystalline sample. Published data indicate that the highly crystalline form is representative of commercial butane oxidation catalysts. The main focus of our work during this quarter has been in the area of catalyst testing in the microreactor system. In order to confirm that our microreactor system was providing reliable data, we tested a V2O5/SiO2 catalyst at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 500 to 600°C using 90 to 95 percent CH4/O2. Several studies of methane oxidation using this catalyst have been published with reasonably good agreement between different research groups. We were not able to reproduce the literature data using steel reactors. However, when the steel reactor was lined with quartz and the postcatalyst reactor volume was minimized by packing with quartz chips, we obtained results which agree closely with those previously published. Using the same quartz reactor and test conditions, we also tested a highly crystalline (wet activated) VPO catalyst.
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