Development of Postural Adjustment During Gait Initiation PDF Download

Author: Christine Assaiante
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16

View

Book Description

Author: Eric Yiou
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457524
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 417

View

Book Description
The control of balance by the central nervous system is crucial to maintain our posture and perform efficiently our daily motor tasks. This control requires the development of dynamical phenomena sub-served by highly-coordinated patterns of muscle activation/deactivation disseminated throughout the whole-body and called “postural adjustments”. Establishing the interaction between balance control, locomotion and cognition has important clinical implication, especially in term of falls prevention, and will improve our knowledge on the underlying neural correlates. This Research Topic provides an up-to-date picture of the relationship between postural adjustments, body balance and motor performance in healthy (young and older adults) and pathological participants. It includes 36 contributions (1 editorial, 28 original articles, 4 reviews and 3 methods articles) which are separated into four sections: 1. Postural maintenance and multisensory integration, 2. Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, 3. Postural adjustments associated with predictable and unpredictable external perturbation, 4. Gait assessment and rehabilitation in aging. Beside their basic interest of unveiling the mechanisms behind motor control, results from the investigations of this topic are relevant to develop new methods or tools to improve postural stability and motor performance, with applications in the fields of neurodegenerative conditions, rehabilitation, ergonomics and sports sciences.

Author: Elizabeth J. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 176

View

Book Description

Author: Elizabeth Irene Raycraft
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ankle
Languages : en
Pages : 66

View

Book Description
Author's abstract: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with deficits in strength, balance, and static postural stability, however dynamic postural stability during transitional movements have received limited investigations. The purpose of this study was to assess dynamic postural stability in individuals with CAI during varying speeds of gait initiation (GI). There were twenty eight voluntary subjects, 14 (M8:F6) subjects with CAI and 14 (M8:F6) control subjects (healthy young athletes, HYA). CAI was assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) tool. Control subjects had no history of any LAS. Data was collected using two non-conducting forceplates and an electromagnetic tracking system. Subjects performed five trials of each task, first normal speed GI and then fast speed GI. There were no significant differences noted for both A/P and M/L movement and velocity of COP during S1. There were also no significant differences between groups for initial step length or initial step velocity. Lastly, there were no significant differences found between groups for COP-COM at the end of single support phase of gait. The results of this study suggest that GI may not be a challenging enough task to evoke deficits in postural control in individuals with CAI. The GI motor program likely remains unaffected by the development of CAI and these individuals are likely able to compensate for any functional deficits they may experience. Future research should investigate these motor programs using EMG data and also possibly secondary tasks that may challenge these individuals more.

Author: Marjorie H. Woollacott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348

View

Book Description

Author: Robyn Leigh Connors
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Recent reports linking concussion injuries with the onset of neurological conditions in later years have led to an increase in the likelihood to report head trauma in physical activity and recreation across all age levels. However, since there is no standardized measure of concussion, assessments of head injuries may vary across laboratories/clinics and emergency departments, and therefore decisions about return to work/play may be subjective and inconsistent. While there are several different methods to identify changes in functional capacity as a result of concussion injury, the estimate of an individual's centre of pressure provides important information about changes in sway as well as proprioceptive response. Likewise, estimating force during dynamic balance maneuvers adds to information about movement initiation under various conditions. As such, estimating changes in centre of pressure, and force, as a result of a concussion injury may be useful in reflecting the magnitude of the injury. As a first step in using centre of pressure and impulse forces as potential estimators of the magnitude of concussion injury, the he purpose of the present study was to measure the reliability of centre of pressure estimates during static postural sway and measures of anticipatory postural adjustment during gait initiation under normal and perturbed conditions. A sample of 28 asymptomatic, university aged participants, with no previous history of concussion over the past 6 months, and no conditions that could affect balance, were recruited. A test-retest design with a two week break between tests, to reduce a learning effect, was used for data collection. A laboratory force plate (AMTI AccuSway Optimized) enabled the researchers to record measures of balance and gait-initiation under single and dual task conditions. The results showed that tests of static balance were for the most part statistically reliable as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.5 or above (11 of 16 estimates), while only half of the tests of gait initiation produced ICC estimates greater than 0.5. Further, there were no significant differences in the comparison of means for static - single and dual task - balance. However, with regard to estimates of dynamic balance, as determined through gait initiation, a significant difference was observed in the comparison of single versus dual task measures of the minimum force in the X plane for females. Establishing measures of static and dynamic balance as a stable measure of the concussion injury will contribute to information used in evaluating an individual's recovery from head injury, which may support decisions related to return to play/work.

Author: Vimol Imsanguan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 224

View

Book Description

Author: Tianyu Zhao (Researcher in kinesiology)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gait in humans
Languages : en
Pages : 66

View

Book Description
Background: This study was designed to identify possible neurological as well as the cognitive factors on how people program their step and stop. Specifically, we use a simple vs choice condition task, which contains 1 to 3 steps under both conditions, to examine the reaction time and anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) phase duration.

Author: Kaya Yoshida
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Gait initiation (GI) is an important locomotor transition task that includes anticipatory postural adjustments and the joint propulsion necessary for the first step of walking. Metrics associated with this task are known to change across the lifespan and may provide valuable information for fall risk indication, as falls often occur during transitional tasks. Assessments of discrete variables between fallers and non-fallers at GI have provided insight into differences between groups. However, more complex approaches such as time-series principal component analysis (PCA) may allow the examination of changes in magnitude, pattern, and timing not detectable using discrete comparisons alone. Therefore, this thesis aims to characterize differences between fallers and non-fallers by examining the kinematics and kinetics of gait initiation using time-series PCA. A sample of 56 community-dwelling older adults was recruited for this study and completed five walking trials where GI was measured by two force platforms. PCA of centre of pressure kinematics and kinetics time-series data were used to identify the critical features of the signal, and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the individual loading scores of each principal component for each phase between groups. It was revealed that fallers demonstrated differences in the range of mediolateral movement during weight transfer and forward progression, a greater range of anteroposterior movement in forward progression, and a more gradual rise in vertical forces in the first step, associated with a shorter first step length. These findings point to a tendency for fallers to prioritize stability over forward progression performance, and differences in postural control strategies, compared to non-fallers. Further, the use of time-series PCA helped to highlight differences not detectable using discrete analysis alone.

Author: Monika Pötter-Nerger
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889765687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218

View

Book Description