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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
We have investigated the application of liquid xenon in high resolution, low background and efficient gamma- ray detectors for the observation in space of weak sources emitting in the 0.1 - 10 MeV energy region. The basic requirement of ultra-high purity liquid xenon, necessary for the successful operation of these detectors has been satisfied with the development of an efficient and reliable purification system, capable of reducing and maintaining the concentration of electronegative impurities below one part in 109. The charge and energy resolution response of a liquid xenon (and liquid argon) ionization chamber has been systematically measured as a function of electric field strength, using various radioactive sources. Our results of 4.5% FWHM and 2.6% FWHM at 1 MeV in liquid xenon and liquid argon, respectively are the best reported in the literature. Their deviation from theoretical estimates based on Fano factor statistics has been interpreted as due to recombination straggling on low energy delta-electrons produced along the primary ionizing particle. The effect of photosensitive dopants in the liquid has also been measured. Improved charge collection and energy resolution is observed for the case of alpha particles. In view of its application for event triggering in an imaging ionization chamber, we have measured the yield of the primary scintillation light abundantly emitted in liquid Xenon, using both electrons and alpha particles. The dependence of the event will provide an ideal tool for background rejection.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
We have investigated the application of liquid xenon in high resolution, low background and efficient gamma- ray detectors for the observation in space of weak sources emitting in the 0.1 - 10 MeV energy region. The basic requirement of ultra-high purity liquid xenon, necessary for the successful operation of these detectors has been satisfied with the development of an efficient and reliable purification system, capable of reducing and maintaining the concentration of electronegative impurities below one part in 109. The charge and energy resolution response of a liquid xenon (and liquid argon) ionization chamber has been systematically measured as a function of electric field strength, using various radioactive sources. Our results of 4.5% FWHM and 2.6% FWHM at 1 MeV in liquid xenon and liquid argon, respectively are the best reported in the literature. Their deviation from theoretical estimates based on Fano factor statistics has been interpreted as due to recombination straggling on low energy delta-electrons produced along the primary ionizing particle. The effect of photosensitive dopants in the liquid has also been measured. Improved charge collection and energy resolution is observed for the case of alpha particles. In view of its application for event triggering in an imaging ionization chamber, we have measured the yield of the primary scintillation light abundantly emitted in liquid Xenon, using both electrons and alpha particles. The dependence of the event will provide an ideal tool for background rejection.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781722160401 Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The objective was to develop the technology of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors for spectroscopy and imaging of gamma rays from astrophysical sources emitting in the low to medium energy regime. In particular, the technical challenges and the physical processes relevant to the realization of the LXe detector operated as a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) were addressed and studied. Experimental results were obtained on the following topics: (1) long distance drift of free electrons in LXe (purity); (2) scintillation light yield for electrons and alphas in LXe (triggering); and (3) ionization yield for electrons and gamma rays in LXe (energy resolution). The major results from the investigations are summarized. Aprile, Elena Unspecified Center NAGW-1370...
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The McKinsey group at Yale has been awarded a grant from DTRA for the building of a Liquid Xenon Gamma Ray Color Camera (LXe-GRCC), which combines state-of-the-art detection of LXe scintillation light and time projection chamber (TPC) charge readout. The DTRA application requires a movable detector and hence only a single phase (liquid) xenon detector can be considered in this case. We propose to extend the DTRA project to applications that allow a two phase (liquid/gas) xenon TPC. This entails additional (yet minimal) hardware and extension of the research effort funded by DTRA. The two phase detector will have better energy and angular resolution. Such detectors will be useful for PET medical imaging and detection of special nuclear material in stationary applications (e.g. port of entry). The expertise of the UConn group in gas phase TPCs will enhance the capabilities of the Yale group and the synergy between the two groups will be very beneficial for this research project as well as the education and research projects of the two universities. The LXe technology to be used in this project has matured rapidly over the past few years, developed for use in detectors for nuclear physics and astrophysics. This technology may now be applied in a straightforward way to the imaging of gamma rays. According to detailed Monte Carlo simulations recently performed at Yale University, energy resolution of 1% and angular resolution of 3 degrees may be obtained for 1.0 MeV gamma rays, using existing technology. With further research and development, energy resolution of 0.5% and angular resolution of 1.3 degrees will be possible at 1.0 MeV. Because liquid xenon is a high density, high Z material, it is highly efficient for scattering and capturing gamma rays. In addition, this technology scales elegantly to large detector areas, with several square meter apertures possible. The Yale research group is highly experienced in the development and use of noble liquid detectors for astrophysics, most recently in the XENON10 experiment. The existing facilities at Yale are fully adequate for the completion of this project. The facilities of the UConn group at the LNS at Avery Point include a (clean) lab for detector development and this group recently delivered an Optical Readout TPC (O-TPC) for research in Nuclear Astrophysics at the TUNL in Duke University. The machine shop at UConn will be used (free of charge) for producing the extra hardware needed for this project including grids and frames.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A prototype gamma-ray spectrometer utilizing xenon gas near the critical point (166[degrees]C, 58 atm) is under development. The spectrometer will function as a room-temperature ionization chamber detecting gamma rays in the energy range 100 keV2 MeV, with an energy resolution intermediate between semiconductor (Ge) and scintillation (NaI) spectrometers. The energy resolution is superior to that of a NaI scintillation spectrometer by a substantial margin (approximately a factor 5), and accordingly, much more information can be extracted from a given gamma-ray spectrum. Unlike germanium detectors, the spectrometer possesses the capability for sustained operation under ambient temperature conditions without a requirement for liquid nitrogen.
Author: Elena Aprile Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527609636 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Author: Reshmi Mukherjee
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Author: Danli Chen
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Author: Elena Aprile
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