Development of an Ultrafiltration Pretreatment System for Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis PDF Download

Author: Norbert Karl Heinz Strohwald
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781874858805
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 22

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Author: Guillem Gilabert-Oriol
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110715163
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 141

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Book Description
This book covers the ultrafiltration membranes, specifically focusing on the elements that are produced using PVDF technology and out-side-in configuration. It specifically targets ultrafiltration technology as a pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination process. However, what is described in the book can be leveraged in other ultrafiltration membrane types. It explains how to significantly improve the efficiency of the process.

Author: Almotasembellah Abushaban
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000034704
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
Seawater desalination is increasingly being used as a means to augment freshwater supplies in regions with high water stress, and reverse osmosis is increasingly the technology of choice because of the low energy consumption. However, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems suffer from various types of fouling, which can increase energy consumption and the use of chemicals during SWRO operation. In practice, pre-treatment systems are put in place to reduce the particulate and biological fouling potential of SWRO feed water. However, simple, reliable and accurate methods to assess the extent to which biological fouling potential is reduced during pre-treatment are not available for seawater. This research developed a new method to measure bacterial growth potential (BGP) using the native bacterial consortium in seawater. New reagents to extract and detect ATP in microbial cells were specifically developed for seawater. The new lysis and detection reagents overcame the salt interference in seawater and allow low detection of total ATP, free ATP and microbial ATP in seawater. Incorporating a filtration step further increased the sensitivity of the method six fold, enabling ATP detection of ultra-low levels of microbial ATP in seawater. The newly developed ATP-based BGP method was applied to monitor and assess the pre-treatment of five full-scale seawater desalination plants around the world. A good correlation was observed between BGP measured in SWRO feed water and the pressure drop increase in the SWRO systems, suggesting the applicability of using the ATP-based BGP method as a biofouling indicator in SWRO. Furthermore, a safe level of BGP ( In the future, on-line monitoring of BGP in SWRO feed water may further reduce the consumption of chemicals and energy and improve the overall sustainability of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis.

Author: Nikolay Voutchkov
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128099453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Book Description
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination is a comprehensive reference on all existing and emerging seawater pretreatment technologies used for desalination. The book focuses on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely applied technology for the production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources (brackish water and seawater). Each chapter contains examples illustrating various pretreatment technologies and their practical implementation. - Provides in-depth overview of the key theoretical concepts associated with desalination pre-treatment - Gives insight into the latest trends in membrane separation technology - Incorporates analytical methods and guidelines for monitoring pretreatment systems

Author: Larry Xingming Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
Water shortages in many areas of the world have increased the need for fresh water production through water desalination in applications such as the production of potable water, use in agricultural irrigation, and wastewater reuse. In this regard, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination of both seawater and inland brackish water has emerged as the leading technology for water desalination, with a growing number of large-scale desalination plants in the planning and/or construction stages. Currently, the design of a water desalination plant is typically tailored to the specific water source in terms of meeting productivity targets and pre-treatment requirements. The standard operating procedure is to determine one optimal operating state for an RO system (e.g., overall water recovery, membrane cleaning frequency) and maintain this specific operating point for the duration of operation. However, these methods do not adequately account for the variability in feed water salinity and fouling propensity, and may result in suboptimal operation with respect to excessive energy consumption, poor RO feed pre-treatment, and degradation of RO membrane performance. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective process control approaches which can mitigate membrane fouling and reduce RO energy consumption in order to improve the robustness of the RO desalination process. In order to reduce membrane fouling, several concepts which involve improvements to RO plant pre-filtration capability (e.g., the addition of a separate, modular ultrafiltration membrane process, the use of a transient high-flux "pulse" backwash) were developed. The concept of direct integration of ultrafiltration (UF) and RO was introduced, whereby the UF filtrate is fed directly to the RO and the RO concentrate is used for UF backwash. Additionally, a control system was designed for the UF pre-treatment unit whereby membrane fouling was reduced through optimization of backwash through a combination of varying the backwash frequency and varying the coagulant dose. This approach was shown to significantly reduce membrane fouling and significantly increased operation duration before chemical cleaning was required (~900% longer). In order to reduce energy consumption of RO desalination, energy-optimal control systems featuring a novel two-layered controller architecture were developed and implemented using fundamental models of specific energy consumption (SEC) of single-stage and two-stage RO systems. The implemented control algorithms utilized extensive sensor measurements from the pilot plants (i.e., flow rate, pressure, conductivity, etc.) to determine the optimal operating set-points for the RO systems (e.g., system feed flow rate, system feed pressure, and overall system water recovery). Accordingly, the control system shifted the RO system operation to the operating conditions that resulted in the lowest energy consumption for a given feed salinity and for a given target product water productivity while accounting for system constraints. The control and design concepts developed in this dissertation were tested on two water purification systems, constructed by a team at UCLA. The two pilot plants were the Smart Integrated Membrane System - Seawater (SIMS-SW) and the Smart Integrated Membrane System - Brackish Water (SIMS-BW). Field tests of the control systems were conducted and the results successfully demonstrated the ability for the control systems presented in this dissertation to reduce membrane fouling and RO energy consumption.

Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843393212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Book Description
Reverse osmosis is the dominant technology in water desalination. However, some critical issues remain open: improvement of water quality, enhancement of the recovery factor, reduction of the unit water cost, minimizing the brine disposal impact. This book aims to solve these problems with an innovative approach based on the integration of different membrane operations in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (acronym MEDINA) has been a three year project funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program. The project team has developed a work programme aiming to improve the current design and operation practices of membrane systems used for water desalination, trying to solve or, at least, to decrease the critical issues of sea and brackish water desalination systems. In the book, the main results achieved in the nine Work Packages constituting the project will be described, and dismissed by the leaders of the various WPs. The following areas are explored in the book: the development of advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools, procedures and protocols at full-scale desalination facilities; the identification of optimal seawater pre-treatment strategies by designing advanced hybrid membrane processes (submerged hollow fibre filtration/reaction, adsorption/ion exchange/ozonation) and comparison with conventional methods; the optimisation of RO membrane module configuration, cleaning strategies, reduction of scaling potential by NF; the development of strategies aiming to approach the concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (increasing the water recovery factor up to 95% by using Membrane Distillation - MD; bringing concentrates to solids by Membrane Crystallization or Wind Intensified Enhanced Evaporation) and to reduce the brine disposal environmental impact and cost; increase the sustainability of desalination process by reducing energy consumption (evaluation of MD, demonstration of a new energy recovery device for SWRO installations) and use of renewable energy (wind and solar). Colour figures (PDF, 6MB) Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterdesalinationandEuropeanresearch

Author: Sabine Latteman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203093240
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
Seawater desalination is a coastal-based industry. The growing number of desalination plants worldwide and the increasing size of single facilities emphasises the need for greener desalination technologies and more sustainable desalination projects. Two complementing approaches are the development and implementation of best available technology (BA

Author: Sergio G. Salinas Rodriguez
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0415620929
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 253

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Book Description
Characterizing bulk organic matter in seawater and bay water by various analytical techniques and linking these measurements with fouling in membrane systems. Furthermore, it aimed for the development of the Modified Fouling Index - ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) at constant flux filtration as an accurate test to measure the particulate fouling potential of a feed water and predict the rate of fouling in reverse osmosis systems. A new semi-portable set-up has been successfully developed to perform MFI-UF tests at constant flux filtration. A significant effect of the filtration flux on the fouling potential was found. Consequences of this effect for reverse osmosis systems are that the fouling potential at low flux drops dramatically; for ultrafiltration systems it implicates that the rate of fouling increases at high fluxes. The observed effect of flux on the fouling potential has significant implications for fouling potential measurements. Deposition factors in RO systems varied between 0 and 1, depending on location and MFI pore size, which indicates differences in properties of the particles present. Fouling potential results in RO fouling rates of 0.2-1 bar/month depending on the pore size of the membranes used for MFI measurements. The fouling potential of the analysed raw waters is substantially reduced by conventional pre-treatment systems and ultrafiltration: for conventional pre-treatment 37 % - 74 % and ultrafiltration 60 % - 95 %, depending on the location and the MFI pore size.

Author: Syed Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128241721
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 489

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Book Description
Reverse Osmosis Systems: Design, Optimization and Troubleshooting Guide describes in depth knowledge of designing and operating reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water desalination, and covers issues which will effect the probability for the long-standing success of the application. It also provides guidelines that will increase the performance of seawater RO desalination systems by avoiding errors in the design and operation and suggest corrective measures and troubleshooting of the problems encountered during RO operation. This book also provides guidelines for the best RO design and operational performance. In the introductory section, the book covers the history of RO along with the fundamentals, principles, transport models, and equations. Following sections cover the practical areas such as pretreatment processes, design parameters, design software programs (WAVE, IMSDesign, TORAYDS2, Lewaplus, ROAM Ver. 2.0, Winflows etc.), RO performance monitoring, normalization software programs (RODataXL and TorayTrak), troubleshooting as well as system engineering. Simplified methods to use the design software programs are also properly illustrated and the screenshots of the results, methods etc. are also given here along with a video tutorial.The final section of the book includes the frequently asked questions along with their answers. Moreover, various case studies carried out and recent developments related to RO system performance, membrane fouling, scaling, and degradation studies have been analyzed. The book also has several work out examples, which are detailed in a careful as well as simple manner that help the reader to understand and follow it properly. The information presented in some of the case studies are obtained from existing commercial RO desalination plants. These topics enable the book to become a perfect tool for engineers and plant operators/technicians, who are responsible for RO system design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. With the right system design, proper operation, and maintenance program, the RO system can offer high purity water for several years. - Provides guidelines for the optimum design and operational performance of reverse osmosis desalination plants - Presents step-by-step procedure to design reverse osmosis system with the latest design software programs along with a video tutorial - Analyzes some of the issues faced during the design and operation of the reverse osmosis desalination systems, suggest corrective measures and its troubleshooting - Discusses reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment processes, design parameters, system performance monitoring, and normalization software programs - Examines recent developments related to system performance, membrane fouling, and scaling studies - Presents case studies related to commercial reverse osmosis desalination plants - Perfect training guide for engineers and plant operators, who are responsible for reverse osmosis system design, operation and maintainance

Author: Author: Pedro Maria Gonzalez Olabarria
Publisher: Chemical Publishing Company
ISBN: 0820602086
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 261

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Book Description
1. REVERSE OSMOSIS BASIC CONCEPTS - 2. FEED WATER TYPE AND ANALYSIS - 3. RAW WATER REQUIREMENTS - 4. SEA WATER INTAKE - 5. SEA WATER DOSING SYSTEMS - 6. REVERSE OSMOSIS PRETREATMENT CONVENTIONAL PRETREATMENT - 7. REVERSE OSMOSIS PRETREATMENT MICROFILTRATION and ULTRAFILTRATION - 8. MATERIALS - 9. REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES - 10. PRESSURE VESSELS AND RACKS - 11. REVERSE OSMOSIS PUMPS - 12. RECOVERY SYSTEMS - 13. REVERSE OSMOSIS RACKS CONTROL - 14. REVERSE OSMOSIS RACKS EQUIPMENT - 15. RACKS CLEANING SYSTEM and FLUSHING - 16. TREATED WATER CONDITIONING - 17. TREATED WATER DEPOSIT AND PUMPING - 18. NEUTRALIZATION, EFFLUENTS TREATMENT AND BRINE DISCHARGE - 19. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - 20. CONTROL SYSTEMS - 21. VARIOUS EQUIPMENT - 22. COST EVALUATION OF DESALINATION PLANTS - BISAC: 1: TEC005050 Technology & Engineering : Construction - HVAC 2: TEC009070 Technology & Engineering : Mechanical 3: TEC010030 Technology & Engineering : Environmental - Water Supply