Development of a Sub-glacial Radio Telescope for the Detection of GZK Neutrinos PDF Download

Author: Thomas Meures
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319187562
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 165

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Book Description
The goal of the project presented in this book is to detect neutrinos created by resonant interactions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays on the CMB photon field filling the Universe. In this pioneering first analysis, the author puts forward much of the analysis framework, including calibrations of the electronic hardware and antenna geometry, as well as the development of algorithms for event reconstruction and data reduction. While only two of the 37 stations planned for the Askaryan Radio Array were used in this assessment of 10 months of data, the analysis was able to exclude neutrino fluxes above 10 PeV with a limit not far from the best current limit set by the IceCube detector, a result which establishes the radio detection technique as the path forward to achieving the massive volumes needed to detect these ultrahigh energy neutrinos.

Author: Rolf Nahnhauer
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812773797
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
Introduction, history and theory. Early years of high energy neutrino physics in cosmic rays and neutrino astronomy (1957-1962) / I. Zheleznykh. Extremely energetic cosmic neutrinos: opportunities for astrophysics, particle physics, and cosmology / A. Ringwald. Comparison of GZK neutrino flux calculations* / D. Seckel et al. Investigation of event rates for different detector arrays and various extremely high energy models / J.K. Becker and W. Rhode (presented by J.K. Becker) -- Target material properties. Measurement of attenuation length for radio wave in natural rock salt samples concerning ultra high energy neutrino detection / M. Chiba et al. (presented by M. Chiba). Acoustic wave propagation in ice and salt* / B. Price. Experience on acoustic wave propagation in rock salt in the frequency range 1-100 kHz and conclusions with respect to the feasibility of a rock salt dome as neutrino detector / J. Eisenblätter et al. (presented by G. Manthei). Radio signals from photon beams in sand and salt / D. Williams et al. (presented by D. Williams). Broadband analysis of Askaryan pulses / P. Mioǐnović -- Simulation and propagation of signals. Hybrid scheme of simulation of electron-photon and electron-hadron cascades in dense medium at ultra-high energies / L.G. Dedenko et al. (presented by L.G. Dedenko). Structure function of excess charge in rock salt / Y. Watanabe et al. (presented by Y. Watanabe). Simulations of radio emission from electromagnetic showers in dense media / J. Alvarez-Muñiz et al. (presented by J. Alvarez-Muñiz). Monte Carlo simulations of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers / T. Huege and H. Falcke (presented by T. Huege). Simulation of radio signals from 1-10 TeV air showers using EGSnrc / R. Engel et al. (presented by A.A. Konstantinov) -- Signal processing and background reduction. Scaling of Askaryan pulses / D. Seckel. Signal processing for acoustic neutrino detection in water, ice and salt / S. Danaher. Experience from SAUND* / J. Vandenbroucke. An analysis approach to acoustic detection of extensive atmospheric showers / D. Zaborov -- Sensors and transmitters. Development of acoustic sensors for the ANTARES experiment / C. Naumann et al. (presented by C. Naumann). Measurements and simulation studies of Piezoceramics for acoustic particle detection / K. Salomon et al. Fiber laser hydrophones as pressure sensors / P.E. Bagnoli et al. (presented by C. Trono). Development of glaciophones and acoustic transmitters for ice / S. Böser et al. (presented by S. Böser). Preliminary results on hydrophones calibration with proton beam / A. Capone and G. de Bonis (presented by G. de Bonis) -- Experimental results I (acoustic). High frequency noise in Lake Baikal as a background for the acoustic detection of high energy neutrinos / V.M. Aynutdinov et al. (presented by N.M. Budnev). ITEP investigation of acoustic phenomena from high energy particles / V.S. Demidov et al. (presented by V. Lyashuk). Testing thermo-acoustic sound generation in water with proton and laser beams / K. Graf et al. (presented by K. Graf). Results from the SAUND I experiment* / J. Vandenbroucke. The NEMO acoustic test facility / G. Riccobene. First activities in acoustic detection of particles in UPV / M. Ardid et al. (presented by M. Ardid) -- Experimental results II (Cherenkov Radio). The upper limit to the EHE neutrino flux from observations of the moon with Kalyazin radio telescope / R.D. Dagkesamanskii et al. (presented by R.D. Dagkesamanskii). Using the Westerbork Radio Observatory to detect UHE cosmic particles interacting on the moon / J. Bacelar et al. (presented by J. Bacelar). Updated limits on the Ultra-High Energy (UHE) neutrino flux from the RICE experiment / Kravchenko et al. (presented by D. Besson). The ANITA cosmogenic neutrino experiment / P.W. Gorham et al. (presented by P. Miocinovic). Measuring the neutrino-nucleon cross section with SalSA / A. Connolly -- Experimental results III (Air Shower Radio). Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES / A. Horneffer et al. (presented by H. Falcke and A. Horneffer). Combined LOPES and KASCADE-GRANDE data analysis / A. Haungs et al. (presented by A. Haungs). Absolute calibration of the LOPES antenna system / S. Nehls et al. (presented by S. Nehls). CODALEMA: a cosmic ray air shower radio detection experiment / D. Ardouin et al. (presented by R. Dallier) -- Future projects I. The converted hydroacoustic array "MG-10M"--A basic module for a deep water neutrino-telescope / Y. Karlik and V. Svet (presented by V. Svet). A device for detection of acoustic signals from super high energy neutrinos / V.M. Aynutdinov et al. (presented by L.V. Pan'kov). The UK-ACoRNE group: present projects and future plans* / S. Danaher. ACoRNE simulation work / J. Perkin. Design considerations and sensitivity estimates for an acoustic neutrino detector / T. Karg et al. (presented by T. Karg) -- Future projects II. Study of acoustic ultra-high energy neutrino detection Phase II / N. Kurahashi. SPATS-a South Pole acoustic test setup / S. Böser et al. (presented by S. Böser). Integration of acoustic detection equipment into ANTARES / R. Lahmann et al. (presented by R. Lahmann). Overview of the LORD experiment (Lunar Orbital Radio Detector) / V.A. Chechin et al. (presented by V.A. Tsarev). Concept of the LORD experiment / V.A. Chechin et al. (presented by V.A. Chechin). Advanced detection methods of radio signals from cosmic rays for KASCADE Grande and Auder / H. Gemmeke et al. (presented by H. Gemmeke) -- Future projects III. Neutrino detection in salt domes under LOFAR / A.M. van den Berg. Introduction to the SalSA, a saltdome shower array as a GZK neutrino observatory (abstract only) / D. Saltzberg. Neutrino flavor identification in SalSA / P. Miočpinović. Simulation of a hybrid optical/radio/acoustic extension to icecube for EHE neutrino detection / J.A. Vandenbroucke et al. (presented by J.A. Vandenbroucke) -- Round table discussion. ARENA round table discussion summary / R. Nahnhauer -- Conference summary. ARENA 2005 Conference summary / J.G. Learned. ARENA workshop pictures. List of participants. *Contribution not received

Author: Sebastian Boser
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814478156
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314

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Book Description
The ARENA Workshop in Zeuthen was the first to combine extensively the fields of acoustic and radio detection techniques for high-energetic particle cascades from cosmic neutrino interactions. The articles in this volume comprise the latest research work which was presented by over 50 speakers from 10 countries. The wide coverage includes: theoretical predictions on fluxes and the potentialities of new techniques, theoretical and experimental results on target material properties, the fundamentals of interactions and cascade simulation, and current experimental results and the most recent neutrino flux limits. The book also considers future plans and experiments for both radio and acoustic methods with the aim of giving the reader an up-to-date overview of this rapidly developing field.

Author: Vladimir Kulikovskiy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319204122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 130

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Book Description
This thesis is devoted to ANTARES, the first underwater neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean sea. As the main scientific analysis, a search for high-energy neutrino emission from the region of the Fermi bubbles has been performed using data from the ANTARES detector. A method for the background estimation using off-zones has been developed specially for this measurement. A new likelihood for the limits calculation which treats both observations in the on-zone and in the off-zone in the similar way and also includes different systematic uncertainties has been constructed. The analysis of 2008–2011 ANTARES data yielded a 1.2 σ excess of events in the Fermi bubble regions, compatible with the no-signal hypothesis. For the optimistic case of no energy cutoff in the flux, the upper limit is within a factor of three of the prediction of the purely hadronic model based on the measured gamma-ray flux. The sensitivity improves as more data are accumulated (more than 65% gain in the sensitivity is expected once 2012–2016 data are added to the analysis).

Author: Rolf Nahnhauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neutrino astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 314

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Author: Joulien Tatar
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303643514
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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The ARIANNA high energy neutrino telescope is designed to search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos produced by the collision of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave background. ARIANNA exploits the recent development of low noise, low power data acquisition technology to measure the brief radio pulses created by neutrino-induced charged particle showers in the Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica. Three stations were installed and commissioned in early December 2012 as part of a pilot program to construct a hexagonal array of 7 radio stations. Each station required only 10 Watts of power and operated autonomously using both solar panels and wind generators. In addition, an environmental station was deployed at the ARIANNA site. Data is stored locally and reliably transmitted from Antarctica over high speed wireless internet and Iridium satellite modem during special transmission windows. The wireless internet ceased operation on March 15, corresponding to the fading light condition just before Austral winter. With the aid of wind generation, the stations operated until late May before winter hibernation. Communication was re-established after winter hibernation on September 11, 2013 for three of the four stations. Overall, the stations operated for 65% of the year. The station acquired three types of events: (1) forced, (2) thermal, and (3) signals from an external transmitter, which are called "heartbeat" events. The forced trigger captures the ambient RF conditions at a random snapshot in time. The thermal trigger configuration usually required any 2 of the 4 antenna channels to exceed a voltage level of ~ 6 x V[rms], where V[rms] is the root mean square of the random voltage fluctuations. Individual channel thresholds were adjusted to account for temperature dependences in the electronics. The vast majority of thermal triggers are consistent random gaussian noise expected from thermal processes in the ice and amplifier. Excess power, but no increase is trigger rates, is observed when wind speeds exceed ~ 6 mph. The frequency components of the excess noise are compatible with noise emitted by the wind generator. There are several periods of impulsive noise with durations of minutes to hours in January and narrowband, suggesting an origin from external transmitters. On one occasion, the noise was contemporaneous with rescue operations at McMurdo Station. Heartbeat events were collected in special runs in 4 separate time periods. They indicate that LPDA coupling to ice medium increased over the first few weeks as the pits with the receiver antennas filled in with snow, and then increased slowly as the snow overburden increased on the transmitting antenna, initially placed flat on the snow surface. We conducted a search for neutrino events in the data from Station 3 between December 6, 2012 and March 13, 2013 by cross-correlating observed waveforms in parallel receiver channels with the expected neutrino template in the time domain. The cross-correlation analysis rejects all thermal triggers and retains more than 90% of the simulated neutrino events. It is clear that none of the collected events contain waveforms that match the shape expected for neutrino signals in two parallel channels, but cross-correlation of waveforms with excess power during windy periods are systematically larger than thermal noise events. Thermal triggers with the largest cross-correlation values are clustered in time and, as described in the text, possess unusual characteristics that clearly indicate they are background processes. This analysis indicates that the ARIANNA site is RF quiet, and meets requirements of the ARIANNA project. Using the effective volume per station and measured live-time, a preliminary flux limit was obtained to be E2 0 [zero with line through it] ≤ 10̄̄̄ ̄5 GeV cm ̄2 s ̄1 sr ̄1 assuming a E ̄2 differential energy spectrum. Based on initial experience with station operation and control, data transmission, and event analysis, we conclude that main scientific and technological objectives HRA pilot program are met. Initially, it was planned to complete HRA this upcoming season, but due to the government shutdown and subsequent drawdown of Antarctic operations, HRA completion has been postponed until November 2014. The focus of those efforts will be to reduce the time and manpower to deploy a station, reduce the level of logistical support to transport equipment to field and maintain the field camp, and reduce the cost of station construction and testing.

Author: Christian W. Fabjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030353184
Category : Elementary particles (Physics).
Languages : en
Pages : 1083

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Book Description
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access

Author: Debanjan Bose
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030912582
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 75

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Book Description
This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.

Author: Roberto Aloisio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331965425X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 554

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Book Description
This book, designed as a tool for young researchers and graduate students, reviews the main open problems and research lines in various fields of astroparticle physics: cosmic rays, gamma rays, neutrinos, cosmology, and gravitational physics. The opening section discusses cosmic rays of both galactic and extragalactic origin, examining experimental results, theoretical models, and possible future developments. The basics of gamma-ray astronomy are then described, including the detection methods and techniques. Galactic and extragalactic aspects of the field are addressed in the light of recent discoveries with space-borne and ground-based detectors. The review of neutrinos outlines the status of the investigations of neutrino radiation and brings together relevant formulae, estimations, and background information. Three complementary issues in cosmology are examined: observable predictions of inflation in the early universe, effects of dark energy/modified gravity in the large-scale structure of the universe, and neutrinos in cosmology and large-scale structures. The closing section on gravitational physics reviews issues relating to quantum gravity, atomic precision tests, space-based experiments, the strong field regime, gravitational waves, multi-messengers, and alternative theories of gravity.

Author: Vernon Barger
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400845599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239

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Book Description
The physics of neutrinos--uncharged elementary particles that are key to helping us better understand the nature of our universe--is one of the most exciting frontiers of modern science. This book provides a comprehensive overview of neutrino physics today and explores promising new avenues of inquiry that could lead to future breakthroughs. The Physics of Neutrinos begins with a concise history of the field and a tutorial on the fundamental properties of neutrinos, and goes on to discuss how the three neutrino types interchange identities as they propagate from their sources to detectors. The book shows how studies of neutrinos produced by such phenomena as cosmic rays in the atmosphere and nuclear reactions in the solar interior provide striking evidence that neutrinos have mass, and it traces our astounding progress in deciphering the baffling experimental findings involving neutrinos. The discovery of neutrino mass offers the first indication of a new kind of physics that goes beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles, and this book considers the unanticipated patterns in the masses and mixings of neutrinos in the framework of proposed new theoretical models. The Physics of Neutrinos maps out the ambitious future facilities and experiments that will advance our knowledge of neutrinos, and explains why the way forward in solving the outstanding questions in neutrino science will require the collective efforts of particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.