Development of a Source Oriented Version of the WRF-Chem Model and Its Application to the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study PDF Download
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Author: Steven P. DeNero Publisher: ISBN: 9781267967909 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Regional source contributions to primary and secondary airborne particulate matter concentrations in California's Central Valley were simulated with a source-oriented air quality modeling system that included feedbacks between source-oriented particles and meteorological parameters. The modeling system utilized in this study was developed from heavy alteration of open-source Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this study WRF-Chem was altered at every code-structural level to create a source-oriented, size-resolved, photochemical version named the Source Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model. Source apportionment calculations were performed with the SOWC model for 8 particle size fractions ranging from 0.01 - 10 [mu]m particle diameters with a spatial resolution of 4km and hourly time resolution. Primary and secondary source contributions were resolved for diesel engines, wood smoke, high sulfate combustion, food cooking, and other anthropogenic sources throughout central California. A three-week stagnation episode (December 15, 2000 to January 7, 2001) during the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) was chosen for the initial application of the new modeling system. A statistical comparison of how the SOWC model performs against measured trends was conducted. SOWC model runs configured to track 5 particle sources individually through the atmosphere were compared with internally mixed runs in which chemical composition of all particles with the same size were averaged. The biases in the SOWC model calculations were compared to the bias from a modeling system composed of the standard WRF meteorological model combined with an offline reactive chemical transport model. The amount of time required to dissipate initial conditions and an error in the time variable used to calculate photochemical rate constants, which was introduced through the use of a restart file, narrowed the analysis period for all aspects of the model calculations to December 20-22, 2000 in the current study. Non-photochemical pollutant species were not significantly affected by the restart-file issue and these species were compared to observations throughout the study period. Concentrations of primary particulate matter components (emitted directly from a source) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external SOWC model differed by less than 1% in the current study. Secondary particulate matter components (formed by atmospheric chemical reactions) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external versions of the model also showed little contrast (
Author: Steven P. DeNero Publisher: ISBN: 9781267967909 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Regional source contributions to primary and secondary airborne particulate matter concentrations in California's Central Valley were simulated with a source-oriented air quality modeling system that included feedbacks between source-oriented particles and meteorological parameters. The modeling system utilized in this study was developed from heavy alteration of open-source Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this study WRF-Chem was altered at every code-structural level to create a source-oriented, size-resolved, photochemical version named the Source Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model. Source apportionment calculations were performed with the SOWC model for 8 particle size fractions ranging from 0.01 - 10 [mu]m particle diameters with a spatial resolution of 4km and hourly time resolution. Primary and secondary source contributions were resolved for diesel engines, wood smoke, high sulfate combustion, food cooking, and other anthropogenic sources throughout central California. A three-week stagnation episode (December 15, 2000 to January 7, 2001) during the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) was chosen for the initial application of the new modeling system. A statistical comparison of how the SOWC model performs against measured trends was conducted. SOWC model runs configured to track 5 particle sources individually through the atmosphere were compared with internally mixed runs in which chemical composition of all particles with the same size were averaged. The biases in the SOWC model calculations were compared to the bias from a modeling system composed of the standard WRF meteorological model combined with an offline reactive chemical transport model. The amount of time required to dissipate initial conditions and an error in the time variable used to calculate photochemical rate constants, which was introduced through the use of a restart file, narrowed the analysis period for all aspects of the model calculations to December 20-22, 2000 in the current study. Non-photochemical pollutant species were not significantly affected by the restart-file issue and these species were compared to observations throughout the study period. Concentrations of primary particulate matter components (emitted directly from a source) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external SOWC model differed by less than 1% in the current study. Secondary particulate matter components (formed by atmospheric chemical reactions) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external versions of the model also showed little contrast (
Author: David Kenneth Joe Publisher: ISBN: 9781303153754 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A version of the Source-Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model with Large Eddy Simulation (SOWC-LES) was developed and implemented to perform high resolution simulations over the community of Oakland, California, during March 2010. A multiscale set of nested domains was used to predict contributions to airborne particulate elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from ships, trains, and on-road diesel trucks at a spatial resolution of 250 m. Results of the simulation with the nested LES were compared to a simulation using a parameterization scheme and no nested LES (1 km resolution). Results from all model configurations were compared to speciated particulate matter (PM) measurements and source contributions calculated using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The PMF results showed that on-road diesel traffic was a major EC contributor, a result consistent with previous studies for Oakland. The average EC concentration predicted by the SOWC-LES model was 0.42 [mu]g m−3, with source contributions of 0.22 [mu]g m−3 from on-road diesel, 0.05 [mu]g m−3 from ship fuel combustion, 0.08 [mu]g m−3 from trains, and 0.09 [mu]g m−3 from other sources. The 250 m resolution nested LES predictions of total EC and source contributions were similar to predictions obtained with lower spatial resolution at the sampling sites, but more substantial differences were predicted at other locations in the study region. The LES model with 250 m resolution predicted higher average EC contributions from on-road diesel, shipping, and train sources compared to models configured with lower resolution and no nested LES. The maximum predicted hourly EC contributions from all sources increased when the nested LES at 250 m resolution was used. The greatest relative increase of maximum hourly EC was seen in the on-road diesel source which increased by nearly a factor of 2 (3.74 [mu]g m−3 to 6.69 [mu]g m−3) when spatial resolution was increased from 1 km to 250 m. Population-weighted EC concentrations were calculated to examine differences between the predictions of community exposure. The SOWC-LES model predicted greater EC exposure from all sources when compared to the SOWC model without LES. The increase in period-averaged EC exposure from each source ranged from +1% to +17%, while the increase in maximum hourly EC exposure from each source ranged from +9% to +32%. This evaluation shows that resolving neighborhood scales through the representation of local mixing phenomena can significantly impact pollutant concentration predictions, especially when examining extreme exposures in a densely populated area with many sources and complex terrain.
Author: Clemens Mensink Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031127862 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
This book states that current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; long-term modeling and trend analysis; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 38th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Barcelona, Spain, Oct 18–22, 2021. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Author: Jinyou Liang Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0124114865 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
Chemical Modeling for Air Resources describes fundamental topics in chemical modeling and its scientific and regulatory applications in air pollution problems, such as ozone hole, acid rain, climate change, particulate matter, and other air toxins. A number of corroborative analysis methods are described to help extract information from model data. With many examples, Chemical Modeling for Air Resources may serve as a textbook for graduate students and reference for professionals in fields of atmospheric science, environmental science and engineering. Presents atmospheric chemical modeling from both scientific and regulatory perspectives Includes a range of topics for each pollutant, including the science of how it forms, its health effects, the regulatory context, and modeling A succinct overview for air quality regulators and industry consultants interested in the most widely used modeling software
Author: Clemens Mensink Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030220559 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; atmospheric aerosols. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 36th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Ottawa, Canada, May 14-18, 2018. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Author: Aara L. Yarber Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
West Africa is an intense emitter of both anthropogenic and natural particulate pollution, both of which have been shown to have adverse health effects on human populations. Hosting some of the world's largest pollutant sources, such as Saharan dust and biomass burning, coupled with rapid urbanization, exploding population growth, and extreme poverty, West African pollution is complex. Despite its nuances, particulate pollution is not well characterized throughout the region, partially due to a lack of air quality monitoring networks. The recent emergence of PM2.5 measurements provided by the Environmental Protection Agency presents a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of particulate pollution in West African cities. The first part of this dissertation uses a series of ground based aerosol measures and satellite derived aerosol products to examine spatiotemporal aerosol patterns. The objective was to ascertain the comparative impact of Saharan dust, biomass burning, and urban emission on PM2.5 concentrations in West African cities. The main findings indicate that background emissions, particularly Saharan dust, was the dominant emission source during the dry season, with dust events causing unhealthy to hazardous air quality regionally. Biomass burning and urban PM2.5 signals were less distinct throughout the year, suggesting their relative contributions were generally lower than dust. However, urban emission appeared to be the dominant source during the wet season, particularly in Nigerian cities and cities along the southern Gulf of Guinea coast. The second part of this dissertation involves evaluating aerosol levels and composition with WRFChem to assess the model's reliability for source characterization in West Africa. The results indicate that the model showed skill in reproducing the seasonality of daily PM2.5 and AOD averages throughout the year. However, the model's performance in replicating observed PM2.5 and AOD varied by location. PM2.5 and AOD were largely overestimated during the dry season, especially in Northwest Africa. The evaluation of PM2.5 speciation in Ilorin revealed that dust was largely overestimated. However, black carbon in Ilorin was underestimated by the model, likely in part due to an underestimation of biomass burning and urban emissions. The last part of this dissertation uses WRF-Chem to examine the relative importance of dust, biomass burning, and urban emission on total PM2.5. The main findings suggest that dust was the dominant emission source during the dry season across all cities. However, dust was significantly overestimated across West Africa, often exceeding total observed PM2.5 and AOD. During the wet season, dust was the dominant source across cities in Northwest Africa. However, urban emission became the predominant emission source in Nigerian cities as well as cities along the southern Gulf of Guinea coast. West African biomass burning and biomass burning advection from Central Africa had a significant effect on air quality in West African cities during the dry and wet season. Furthermore, emissions from each source repeatedly exceeded the WHO 24-hour limit throughout the year. Thus, single sources alone are likely problematic for public health in the region. Though dominant emission sources inferred from observational and modeled data were aligned, significant model biases in aerosol composition were revealed. The degree to which PM2.5 and AOD biases are attributed to inaccuracies in emission fluxes versus meteorology, however, remains unclear. To fully refine models, enhance inventories, evaluate pollution sources, and thus create efficient control strategies, extensive meteorological and air quality observational networks are required.
Author: Carlos Borrego Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 144198867X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
This volume covers the latest scientific developments in the real world applications of pollution modeling. Topics covered include: the role of atmospheric models in air pollution policy and abatement strategies; integrated regional modelling; global and long-range transport; aerosols as atmospheric contaminants; model assessment and verification; and application of new concepts in different regions of the world.
Author: Sven-Erik Gryning Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461541530 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 779
Book Description
The ITM conference series has always had a strong spirit of cooperation under the NATO/CCMS umbrella, and with the considerable interest fram Partner countries to participate in the ITM conferences, it provides an excellent opportunity to create ties between scientists. Whereas all previous ITM conferences have taken place in NATO countries, the 23rd ITM takes place in a Cooperative Partner country, Bulgaria, and is hosted by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This fact reflects a general wish for a closer connection and collaboration among scientists fram Partner and NATO countries. This volume contains the papers from the 23rd NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, being held September 28 - October 2, 1998, at Riviera Holiday Club, Varna, Bulgaria. It was attended by 120 participants from 30 countries. Thanks are due to all who made it possible to plan, carry through, and follow up the meeting, and to the participants who made the conference so successful. Special thanks are due to the sponsoring institutions: ATO/CCMS EURASAP RIS0 BAS 3M NATO/CCMS - Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society EURASAP - European Association for the Science of Air Pollution RIS0 - Ris0 National Laboratory, Denmark NIMH - National Institute of Meteorology and Hydralogy, Bulgaria BAS - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3M Representation office, Bulgaria Prestige Business Ltd. , Bulgaria The excellent collaboration with CIM (Company for International Meetings Ltd.
Author: Steven P. DeNero
Author: Steven P. DeNero
Author: Lynn M. Russell
Author: David Kenneth Joe
Author: Clemens Mensink
Author: Jinyou Liang
Author: Clemens Mensink
Author: Ralph J. Delfino
Author: Aara L. Yarber
Author: Carlos Borrego
Author: Sven-Erik Gryning