Development, Characterization and Performance of Early-high Strength Concrete Mixes for Bonded Concrete Mixes for Bonded Concrete Overlays PDF Download
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Author: Julio Cesar Paniagua Fernandez Publisher: ISBN: 9781369616293 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Pavement rehabilitation using concrete has been difficult to program because of its long curing time and its initial high cost compared. Road users in California have low tolerance for delays during pavement rehabilitation. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is interested in developing bonded-concrete overlays on asphalt (BCOA) as a potential rehabilitation alternative for distressed asphalt pavement. BCOA is defined herein as jointed plain concrete overlay placed on asphalt pavement with slab thicknesses between 100 to 175 mm, and slabs that are smaller than often used 3.7m lane-width lane. The slabs are intended to function as a bonded concrete overlay meaning that the concrete bonds to the underlying asphalt layer so that they behave as a monolithic layer. In the conception of thin BCOA technology, the asphalt base contributes to the structure’s stiffness by bonding with the PCC slabs to form a composite slab where both layers work together to resist bending. Caltrans specifies a minimum flexural strength of 2.8 MPa (400 psi) for concrete slabs prior to opening to highway traffic. The work done at the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) presented in this thesis is a part of Caltrans’ sponsored Strategic Plan Element (SPE) 4.58b, which intends to help solve this issue for Caltrans by developing a guide and recommendations on the use of thin BCOA as a rehabilitation alternative in California. This report is focused on evaluating the development, design and performance for the EHSC mixes to be used for BCOA test sections to be subjected to full-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT). Two type of mixes were created according to selected time windows to open to traffic. The concrete mixes for the night closure required an opening time (OT) to traffic of 4 hours which defined in this document as 4H-OT. Meanwhile the mixes for the weekend closure require an OT to traffic of 10 hours, these mixes are defined as 10H-OT. Two mixes were designed for each of the time windows. Portland cement Type III and calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) were used to design the 4H-OT mixes. Both 10H-OT mixes used the same portland cement Type II/V and the difference between the two 10H-OT mixes is the use of Light Weight Aggregate (LWA) instead of a portion of conventional sand. The thesis is intended to advance current knowledge by answering questions and explaining concepts such as properties of different cementitious materials, minimum strength requirements, optimization of mixing procedures, prediction of flexural and compressive strength, albedo properties, maturity-based predictions, and performance ranking. In order to achieve that the document include a literature review, an analysis of the main properties of different cement components, a summary of the development of the mix designs, and results and performance analysis for several tests (e.g. flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, maturity, shrinkage, CTE and thermal properties). The research produce a lot of important results, but these are some of the most important: - The flexural strength of the specimens prepared during construction that followed CT 524 curing procedure do not show lower strengths than the results of the ASTM test, in fact the value is within the results of the specimens following ASTM C78.- Type II and III develop the same highest strength at long term, meanwhile, in the short-term CSA mix develops the highest, and faster than the other mixes. Nevertheless, once CSA reaches the peak at a very early stage it remains steady through time.- In compressive strength, the mix with LWA perform well in the long term reaching similar values than the 10-hour mix without LWA. Nevertheless, the long-term performance in flexural strength do not get too close to the 10-hour mix without LWA.- An equation to predict flexural strength was calibrated for each of the four mixes based on tests results conducted on specimens prepared in the laboratory.
Author: Julio Cesar Paniagua Fernandez Publisher: ISBN: 9781369616293 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Pavement rehabilitation using concrete has been difficult to program because of its long curing time and its initial high cost compared. Road users in California have low tolerance for delays during pavement rehabilitation. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is interested in developing bonded-concrete overlays on asphalt (BCOA) as a potential rehabilitation alternative for distressed asphalt pavement. BCOA is defined herein as jointed plain concrete overlay placed on asphalt pavement with slab thicknesses between 100 to 175 mm, and slabs that are smaller than often used 3.7m lane-width lane. The slabs are intended to function as a bonded concrete overlay meaning that the concrete bonds to the underlying asphalt layer so that they behave as a monolithic layer. In the conception of thin BCOA technology, the asphalt base contributes to the structure’s stiffness by bonding with the PCC slabs to form a composite slab where both layers work together to resist bending. Caltrans specifies a minimum flexural strength of 2.8 MPa (400 psi) for concrete slabs prior to opening to highway traffic. The work done at the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) presented in this thesis is a part of Caltrans’ sponsored Strategic Plan Element (SPE) 4.58b, which intends to help solve this issue for Caltrans by developing a guide and recommendations on the use of thin BCOA as a rehabilitation alternative in California. This report is focused on evaluating the development, design and performance for the EHSC mixes to be used for BCOA test sections to be subjected to full-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT). Two type of mixes were created according to selected time windows to open to traffic. The concrete mixes for the night closure required an opening time (OT) to traffic of 4 hours which defined in this document as 4H-OT. Meanwhile the mixes for the weekend closure require an OT to traffic of 10 hours, these mixes are defined as 10H-OT. Two mixes were designed for each of the time windows. Portland cement Type III and calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) were used to design the 4H-OT mixes. Both 10H-OT mixes used the same portland cement Type II/V and the difference between the two 10H-OT mixes is the use of Light Weight Aggregate (LWA) instead of a portion of conventional sand. The thesis is intended to advance current knowledge by answering questions and explaining concepts such as properties of different cementitious materials, minimum strength requirements, optimization of mixing procedures, prediction of flexural and compressive strength, albedo properties, maturity-based predictions, and performance ranking. In order to achieve that the document include a literature review, an analysis of the main properties of different cement components, a summary of the development of the mix designs, and results and performance analysis for several tests (e.g. flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, maturity, shrinkage, CTE and thermal properties). The research produce a lot of important results, but these are some of the most important: - The flexural strength of the specimens prepared during construction that followed CT 524 curing procedure do not show lower strengths than the results of the ASTM test, in fact the value is within the results of the specimens following ASTM C78.- Type II and III develop the same highest strength at long term, meanwhile, in the short-term CSA mix develops the highest, and faster than the other mixes. Nevertheless, once CSA reaches the peak at a very early stage it remains steady through time.- In compressive strength, the mix with LWA perform well in the long term reaching similar values than the 10-hour mix without LWA. Nevertheless, the long-term performance in flexural strength do not get too close to the 10-hour mix without LWA.- An equation to predict flexural strength was calibrated for each of the four mixes based on tests results conducted on specimens prepared in the laboratory.
Author: Sarfraz Ahmed Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Asphalt overlays provide an economical means for treating deteriorated pavements. Thin bonded overlay (TBO) systems have become popular options for pavement rehabilitation. In addition to functional improvements, these systems ensure a high degree of waterproofing benefits. Conventional asphalt concrete fracture tests were developed for pavements with homogeneous asphalt concrete mixtures, and typically their thicknesses exceed two inches. The use of spray paver technology for construction of TBO leads to continuously varying asphalt binder content, up to approximately one-third of the layer thickness. The graded properties of asphalt concrete and thickness of the TBO (typically less than 50 mm) pose challenges for the use of conventional fracture test geometries. For example, obtaining the beams for SEN[B] specimens from pavement may not practical because of insufficient layer thickness of the TBO or may lead to excessive pavement damage. Applications of the other established test geometries, the DC[T] and SC[B] tests, are limited because of the material nonhomogeneity caused by nonuniform distribution of asphalt binder and smaller as-constructed thicknesses of TBO, which are usually less than 25 mm (1 inch) for gap-graded and 50 mm (2 inch) for dense-graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Both the DC[T] and SC[B] tests simulate movement of the crack fronts in transverse or longitudinal directions in the pavement. Use of these tests on field-procured samples of TBO yields a crack front that encounters nonhomogeneous material through the specimen thickness. The crack moves perpendicular to the axis of material nonhomogeneity, which makes data interpretation and fundamental material fracture characterization challenging. In addition, the crack in the specimens is correlated to a crack channeling across the pavement width rather than a more anticipated bottom-up or top-down direction. New test procedures for fracture characterization of graded asphalt pavement systems that have significant material property gradients through their thicknesses have been proposed. Suitable specimen geometry and testing procedures were developed using ASTM E399 and ASTM D7313-07 as a starting point. Laboratory tests were performed using an optimized compact tension C[T] test geometry for field cores as well as laboratory-fabricated composite specimens. Laboratory testing using the proposed procedure clearly showed distinction in the fracture characteristics for specimens prepared with varying material compositions. This capability of distinguishing different materials combined with stable crack growth makes the proposed testing procedure ideal for fracture characterization of thin and graded pavement systems. Statistical analysis of test data revealed that the proposed C[T] test procedure is capable of detecting differences in fracture energy results across a wide range of pavement systems and yields a low test variability. Finite element simulations of the test procedure further indicate the suitability of the test procedure as well as demonstrate a procedure for extraction of fundamental material properties. The suitability of the proposed C[T] test in the context of warmer temperatures was also evaluated. Changes in the loading rate were suggested to minimize the creep energy dissipation during the test at different test temperatures. Composite specimen fabrication procedure has been developed to optimize the design of TBOs. The proposed procedure can also be used to prepared composite specimens for interface bond strength and rutting resistance tests with emulsion and asphalt cement as tack coat material. Suggested wet application of tack coat emulsion on textured base, compacted with heated Superpave gyratory compactor top plate closely resembles field installation of TBOs. Moreover tack coat emulsion permeation effects on mixture fracture and bulk properties were also evaluated in an experimental study. Image analysis technique was utilized to characterize the tack coat emulsion impregnation gradient through the thickness of the overlays. An integrated approach to predict cracking performance of TBOs was presented combining laboratory test results, numerical simulations and early field performance.
Author: James Karl Cable Publisher: ISBN: Category : Concrete Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Data collection to determine the rate of bond strength development between concrete overlays and existing pavements and the evaluation of nondestructive testing methods for determining concrete strength were the objectives of this study. Maturity meters and pulse velocity meters were employed to determine the rate of flexural strength gain and determine the time for opening of newly constructed pavements to traffic. Maturity measurements appear to provide a less destructive method of testing. Pulse velocity measurements do require care in the preparation of the test wells and operator care in testing. Both devices functioned well under adverse weather and construction conditions and can reduce construction traffic delay decisions. Deflection testing and strain gaging indicate differences in the reaction of the overlay and existing pavement under grouting versus nongrouted sections. Grouting did enhance the rate of bond development with Type I11 cement out performing the Type I1 grout section. Type I11 and Type I1 cement grouts enhanced resistance to cracking in uniformly supported pavements where joints are prepared prior to overlays achieving target flexural strengths. Torsional and direct shear testing provide additional ways of measuring bond development at different cure times. Detailed data analysis will be utilized by TRANSTEC, Inc. to develop a bonded overlay construction guidelines report.
Author: Norbert J. Delatte Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466575107 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
This second edition of Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance provides a solid foundation for pavement engineers seeking relevant and applicable design and construction instruction. It relies on general principles instead of specific ones, and incorporates illustrative case studies and prime design examples to highlight the material. It presents a thorough understanding of materials selection, mixture proportioning, design and detailing, drainage, construction techniques, and pavement performance. It also offers insight into the theoretical framework underlying commonly used design procedures as well as the limits of the applicability of the procedures. All chapters have been updated to reflect recent developments, including some alternative and emerging design technologies that improve sustainability. What’s New in the Second Edition: The second edition of this book contains a new chapter on sustainability, and coverage of mechanistic-empirical design and pervious concrete pavements. RCC pavements are now given a new chapter. The text also expands the industrial pavement design chapter. Outlines alternatives for concrete pavement solutions Identifies desired performance and behavior parameters Establishes appropriate materials and desired concrete proportions Presents steps for translating the design into a durable facility The book highlights significant innovations such as one is two-lift concrete pavements, precast concrete pavement systems, RCC pavement, interlocking concrete pavers, thin concrete pavement design, and pervious concrete. This text also addresses pavement management, maintenance, rehabilitation, and overlays.
Author: Irving Kett Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420091174 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
As every civil engineer knows, Portland Cement is the most versatile and important material of construction, and will probably remain so far into the future. Yet few books, if any, exist that offer an in-depth analysis of the mixing and testing methods of this vital hydraulic cement. This statement, written about the first edition of Engineere
Author: Ken W. Day Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 020312779X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
This new edition provides comprehensive, readily understandable assistance to concrete producers in the design and control of their product. It shows how to apply the principles with or without elaborate systems and achieve competitive mix designs and close quality control without either excessive expenditure or extensive theoretical study.
Author: Zhengwu Jiang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811963134 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 441
Book Description
This book presents the features of manufactured sand (MS) and its application in concrete as the fine aggregate. It first introduces the production and technical properties of manufactured sand and demonstrates the properties of concrete, followed by the mix proportioning of concrete with manufactured sand. It also focuses on the applications of manufactured sand in several practical engineering projects using self-compacting concrete (SCC), rubble-filled SCC, and high-performance concrete with manufactured sand for special purposes. This book is useful and attractive to a wide readership in the field of materials science, civil engineering, and related fields.
Author: Julio Cesar Paniagua Fernandez
Author: Julio Cesar Paniagua Fernandez
Author: Sarfraz Ahmed
Author: Carrol C. Wynter
Author: James Karl Cable
Author: 
Author: Brenton A. Stone
Author: Norbert J. Delatte
Author: Irving Kett
Author: Ken W. Day
Author: Zhengwu Jiang