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Author: Ronell Joey Carcallas Cainong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) is a recent polyploid and originates from a limited number of founder genotypes. Domestication bottlenecks further reduced genetic diversity. The wheat gene pool, which consists of landraces and wild relatives such as rye (Secale cereale L.), Leymus racemosus Tien and Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, is a rich source of genetic diversity. Agronomically important traits can be transferred from these gene pools to wheat through chromosome engineering. This dissertation describes chromosome engineering and pre-breeding efforts for resistance to Hessian fly and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. The germplasm with a whole-arm rye translocation, T2BS·2R#2L, contains the highly effective Hessian fly resistance gene, H21, and an unnamed powdery mildew resistance gene. Directed chromosome engineering was used to shorten the whole-arm rye segment. The recovered wheat-rye recombinant chromosome, T2BS·2BL-2R#2L, had a shorter rye segment but still contained the H21 gene and was transferred through backcrosses to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars. This study released the germplasm KS09WGGRC51, which is used in wheat breeding programs in the U.S.A. Two novel sources of FHB resistance were identified in L. racemosus and E. tsukushiensis. Fhb3 present in the wheat-L. racemosus T7AL·7Lr#1S Robertsonian translocation was transferred into the adapted Kansas winter wheat cultivar Fuller. The wheat-E. tsukushiensis disomic addition translocation line confers FHB resistance. Ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination was used to produce wheat-E. tsukushiensis recombinants. The distal and interstitial recombinants were identified using molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). A combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses determined that the distal recombinant involved wheat chromosome 1A and a small distal segment originating from the E. tsukushiensis chromosome arm, 1E[superscript]ts#1S, resulting in the recombinant chromosome T1AL·1AS-1E[superscript]ts#1S. The interstitial recombinant involves an unidentified wheat chromosome and appears to be highly rearranged. Both recombinants confer high levels of type II FHB resistance (resistance to spread within the head) based on point inoculations in the greenhouse. To date, these two recombinants are the smallest alien introgression with FHB resistance in common wheat. This germplasm material has been released as KS14WGRC61. The distal recombinant can be used directly for breeding of FHB-resistant cultivars worldwide.
Author: Ronell Joey Carcallas Cainong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) is a recent polyploid and originates from a limited number of founder genotypes. Domestication bottlenecks further reduced genetic diversity. The wheat gene pool, which consists of landraces and wild relatives such as rye (Secale cereale L.), Leymus racemosus Tien and Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, is a rich source of genetic diversity. Agronomically important traits can be transferred from these gene pools to wheat through chromosome engineering. This dissertation describes chromosome engineering and pre-breeding efforts for resistance to Hessian fly and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. The germplasm with a whole-arm rye translocation, T2BS·2R#2L, contains the highly effective Hessian fly resistance gene, H21, and an unnamed powdery mildew resistance gene. Directed chromosome engineering was used to shorten the whole-arm rye segment. The recovered wheat-rye recombinant chromosome, T2BS·2BL-2R#2L, had a shorter rye segment but still contained the H21 gene and was transferred through backcrosses to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars. This study released the germplasm KS09WGGRC51, which is used in wheat breeding programs in the U.S.A. Two novel sources of FHB resistance were identified in L. racemosus and E. tsukushiensis. Fhb3 present in the wheat-L. racemosus T7AL·7Lr#1S Robertsonian translocation was transferred into the adapted Kansas winter wheat cultivar Fuller. The wheat-E. tsukushiensis disomic addition translocation line confers FHB resistance. Ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination was used to produce wheat-E. tsukushiensis recombinants. The distal and interstitial recombinants were identified using molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). A combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses determined that the distal recombinant involved wheat chromosome 1A and a small distal segment originating from the E. tsukushiensis chromosome arm, 1E[superscript]ts#1S, resulting in the recombinant chromosome T1AL·1AS-1E[superscript]ts#1S. The interstitial recombinant involves an unidentified wheat chromosome and appears to be highly rearranged. Both recombinants confer high levels of type II FHB resistance (resistance to spread within the head) based on point inoculations in the greenhouse. To date, these two recombinants are the smallest alien introgression with FHB resistance in common wheat. This germplasm material has been released as KS14WGRC61. The distal recombinant can be used directly for breeding of FHB-resistant cultivars worldwide.
Author: Márta Molnár-Láng Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319234943 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
This book provides an overview of the latest advancements in the field of alien introgression in wheat. The discovery and wide application of molecular genetic techniques including molecular markers, in situ hybridization, and genomics has led to a surge in interspecific and intergeneric hybridization in recent decades. The work begins with the taxonomy of cereals, especially of those species which are potential gene sources for wheat improvement. The text then goes on to cover the origin of wheat, breeding in connection with alien introgressions, and the problems of producing intergeneric hybrids and backcross derivatives. These problems can include crossability, sterility, and unequal chromosome transmission. The work then covers alien introgressions according to the related species used, as well as new results in the field of genomics of wild wheat relatives and introgressions.
Author: Chittaranjan Kole Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642142281 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 518
Book Description
Wild crop plants play a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. The 10-volume Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources offers a comprehensive examination of wild crops as a gold mine for breeding. It details the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on cereals, millets and grasses, oilseeds, legume crops and forages, vegetables, temperate fruits, tropical and subtropical fruits, industrial crops, plantation and ornamental crops, and forest trees. It contains 126 chapters contributed by 380 authors from 39 countries.
Author: Roberto Tuberosa Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400775725 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 711
Book Description
Our lives and well being intimately depend on the exploitation of the plant genetic resources available to our breeding programs. Therefore, more extensive exploration and effective exploitation of plant genetic resources are essential prerequisites for the release of improved cultivars. Accordingly, the remarkable progress in genomics approaches and more recently in sequencing and bioinformatics offers unprecedented opportunities for mining germplasm collections, mapping and cloning loci of interest, identifying novel alleles and deploying them for breeding purposes. This book collects 48 highly interdisciplinary articles describing how genomics improves our capacity to characterize and harness natural and artificially induced variation in order to boost crop productivity and provide consumers with high-quality food. This book will be an invaluable reference for all those interested in managing, mining and harnessing the genetic richness of plant genetic resources.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251305269 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
This paper provides guidelines for new high-throughput screening methods – both phenotypic and genotypic – to enable the detection of rare mutant traits, and reviews techniques for increasing the efficiency of crop mutation breeding.
Author: Khalid Rehman Hakeem Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461470285 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
The improvement of crop species has been a basic pursuit since cultivation began thousands of years ago. To feed an ever increasing world population will require a great increase in food production. Wheat, corn, rice, potato and few others are expected to lead as the most important crops in the world. Enormous efforts are made all over the world to document as well as use these resources. Everybody knows that the introgression of genes in wheat provided the foundation for the “Green Revolution”. Later also demonstrated the great impact that genetic resources have on production. Several factors are contributing to high plant performance under different environmental conditions, therefore an effective and complementary use of all available technological tools and resources is needed to meet the challenge.
Author: Mohar Singh Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0123984947 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Grain legumes, including common-bean, chickpea, pigeonpea, pea, cowpea, lentil and others, form important constituents of global diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Despite this significant role, global production has increased only marginally in the past 50 years. The slow production growth, along with a rising human population and improved buying capacity has substantially reduced the per capita availability of food legumes. Changes in environmental climate have also had significant impact on production, creating a need to identify stable donors among genetic resources for environmentally robust genes and designing crops resilient to climate change. Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest resources in plant genetics and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping and allele mining to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists and students working with crop development. Explores origin, distribution and diversity of grain legumes Presents information on germplasm collection, evaluation and maintenance Offers insight into pre-breeding/germplasm enhancement efforts Integrates genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement Internationally contributed work
Author: Q. Y. Shu Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1780640854 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 612
Book Description
Abstract: This book presents contemporary information on mutagenesis in plants and its applications in plant breeding and research. The topics are classified into sections focusing on the concepts, historical development and genetic basis of plant mutation breeding (chapters 1-6); mutagens and induced mutagenesis (chapters 7-13); mutation induction and mutant development (chapters 14-23); mutation breeding (chapters 24-34); or mutations in functional genomics (chapters 35-41). This book is an essential reference for those who are conducting research on mutagenesis as an approach to improving or modifying a trait, or achieving basic understanding of a pathway for a trait --.
Author: Chittaranjan Kole Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354034389X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Part of the seven-volume series Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants, this book covers Cereals and Millets, which provide staple food for most of the earth’s population. This book includes chapters on rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet and finger millet. The emphasis is on advanced research on the major crops, including the model plants maize and rice, as well as on future road maps of genomic research for the less-often considered but equally deserving cereals and millets.
Author: Ronell Joey Carcallas Cainong
Author: Ronell Joey Carcallas Cainong
Author: Márta Molnár-Láng
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Author: Roberto Tuberosa
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Author: 
Author: Mohar Singh
Author: Q. Y. Shu
Author: Chittaranjan Kole