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Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications

Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications PDF Author: Sarah Jo Grotheer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 198

Book Description
As of 2005, 23% of the bridges in the Kansas infrastructure are classified as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete according to the ASCE Infrastructure Report Card (ASCE, 2008). One alternative to replacing the entire bridge structure is replacing only the superstructure with lightweight concrete. This option is more economical for city, county, and state governments alike. Replacing the superstructure with lightweight concrete can oftentimes allow the bridge rating to be upgraded to higher load capacities or higher traffic volumes. Furthermore, lightweight concrete can be used initially in a bridge deck to provide reduced weight and a lower modulus of elasticity, therefore lower cracking potential. The Kansas Department of Transportation is interested in the potential benefits of using lightweight aggregate concrete in Kansas bridge decks and prestressed bridge girders. This research project used three types of lightweight aggregate to develop lightweight concrete mixtures for a bridge deck and for prestressed bridge girders. Two of the lightweight aggregates were expanded shale obtained locally from the Buildex Company. One deposit was located in Marquette, Kansas, and the other in New Market, Missouri. The third lightweight aggregate source was expanded slate obtained from the Stalite Company in North Carolina. Aggregate properties including absorption, gradation, and L.A. Abrasion were evaluated. Over 150 lightweight concrete mixtures were created and tested and several mix design variables such as water-to-cement ratio, cement content, and coarse-to-fine aggregate ratio were evaluated. From these results, optimized bridge deck and optimized prestressed concrete mixtures were developed for each type of lightweight aggregate. Special concerns for lightweight aggregate concrete are addressed. These optimized concrete mixtures were then tested for KDOT acceptability standards for the concrete properties of compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, freeze-thaw resistance, permeability, alkali-silica reactivity, drying shrinkage, and autogenous shrinkage. All concrete mixtures performed satisfactorily according to KDOT standards. In addition, an internal curing effect due to the moisture content of the lightweight aggregate was observed during the autogenous shrinkage test.

Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications

Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications PDF Author: Jake Perkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aggregates (Building materials)
Languages : en
Pages : 255

Book Description
This study investigated the bond performance of pretensioned members fabricated with three different lightweight aggregate sources. Two of these sources were expanded-shale aggregates that were locally available, while the third was an expanded-slate that was manufactured in North Carolina. As part of this work, lightweight concrete mixes were developed for each aggregate source. The lightweight concrete mixes were capable of attaining 5000 psi compressive strength in 16 hours and 7000 psi in 28 days. The bond was evaluated using Large Block Pull-out Tests and Flexural Beam Tests. During the large block pull-out tests, the average maximum force at pull-out and first observable slip was higher for the block cast with a three-inch slump than for the companion specimens cast with nine-inch slump. During flexural testing, the two beams not reaching nominal moment capacity, KC-9 and STA-9, failed in compression without strand end slip. The moment capacity was considerably greater for three-inch slump members than the companion specimen placed with nine-inch slump concrete.

Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications

Development and Implementation of Lightweight Concrete Mixes for KDOT Bridge Applications PDF Author: Sarah Jo Grotheer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 198

Book Description
As of 2005, 23% of the bridges in the Kansas infrastructure are classified as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete according to the ASCE Infrastructure Report Card (ASCE, 2008). One alternative to replacing the entire bridge structure is replacing only the superstructure with lightweight concrete. This option is more economical for city, county, and state governments alike. Replacing the superstructure with lightweight concrete can oftentimes allow the bridge rating to be upgraded to higher load capacities or higher traffic volumes. Furthermore, lightweight concrete can be used initially in a bridge deck to provide reduced weight and a lower modulus of elasticity, therefore lower cracking potential. The Kansas Department of Transportation is interested in the potential benefits of using lightweight aggregate concrete in Kansas bridge decks and prestressed bridge girders. This research project used three types of lightweight aggregate to develop lightweight concrete mixtures for a bridge deck and for prestressed bridge girders. Two of the lightweight aggregates were expanded shale obtained locally from the Buildex Company. One deposit was located in Marquette, Kansas, and the other in New Market, Missouri. The third lightweight aggregate source was expanded slate obtained from the Stalite Company in North Carolina. Aggregate properties including absorption, gradation, and L.A. Abrasion were evaluated. Over 150 lightweight concrete mixtures were created and tested and several mix design variables such as water-to-cement ratio, cement content, and coarse-to-fine aggregate ratio were evaluated. From these results, optimized bridge deck and optimized prestressed concrete mixtures were developed for each type of lightweight aggregate. Special concerns for lightweight aggregate concrete are addressed. These optimized concrete mixtures were then tested for KDOT acceptability standards for the concrete properties of compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, freeze-thaw resistance, permeability, alkali-silica reactivity, drying shrinkage, and autogenous shrinkage. All concrete mixtures performed satisfactorily according to KDOT standards. In addition, an internal curing effect due to the moisture content of the lightweight aggregate was observed during the autogenous shrinkage test.

Superpave Mix Design

Superpave Mix Design PDF Author: Asphalt Institute
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781934154175
Category : Asphalt
Languages : en
Pages : 102

Book Description


Thin and Ultra-thin Whitetopping

Thin and Ultra-thin Whitetopping PDF Author: Robert Otto Rasmussen
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309070198
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 96

Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 338: Thin and Ultra-Thin Whitetopping summarizes available information to document how state departments of transportation and others are currently using thin and ultra-thin whitetopping overlays among various pavement rehabilitation alternatives. The report covers all stages of the proper application of whitetopping overlays, including project selection, design, materials selection, construction, maintenance, and eventual rehabilitation or replacement.

Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction

Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction PDF Author: Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 669

Book Description
This manual is intended to serve as a reference. It will provide technical information which will enable Manual users to perform the following activities:Describe typical erection practices for girder bridge superstructures and recognize critical construction stagesDiscuss typical practices for evaluating structural stability of girder bridge superstructures during early stages of erection and throughout bridge constructionExplain the basic concepts of stability and why it is important in bridge erection* Explain common techniques for performing advanced stability analysis along with their advantages and limitationsDescribe how differing construction sequences effect superstructure stabilityBe able to select appropriate loads, load combinations, and load factors for use in analyzing superstructure components during constructionBe able to analyze bridge members at various stages of erection* Develop erection plans that are safe and economical, and know what information is required and should be a part of those plansDescribe the differences between local, member and global (system) stability

Field Study of Air Content Stability in the Slipform Paving Process

Field Study of Air Content Stability in the Slipform Paving Process PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 230

Book Description
This study evaluated the impacts of construction on the air content and air-void system structure of Portland cement concrete pavements. The primary intent was to quantify the air content of fresh concrete before and after it has gone through the slipform paver. The air-void system parameters of hardened concrete were then assessed using cast and extracted core specimens. The results of the air content testing on fresh concrete and the concrete cylinder specimens cast in the field suggested that there is some loss of air as the concrete passes through the paver. Laboratory testing performed on cores extracted from the pavement did not provide any conclusive evidence that entrained air is lost during the slipform paving process. In fact, many of the extracted cores had measured air content values that were much higher than the specification requirement. If excessive, this could result in increased permeability and low-strength related issues. Although a rigorous statistical analysis was not performed, the results suggest that the air content testing on fresh concrete is not capturing the true air content of the concrete placed with a slipform paver. The fresh concrete air content is generally lower than the air content measured in the cores.

Highway Quality Compendium

Highway Quality Compendium PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads
Languages : en
Pages : 134

Book Description


Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO

Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO PDF Author: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3433601461
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : de
Pages : 279

Book Description
The completely revised and extended Recommendations deal with all questions relevant to the planning and dimensioning of geosynthetics-reinforced earth structures. In addition to the demands on materials and analysis principles, the applications of geosynthetics in a range of foundation systems, ground improvement measures, highways engineering projects, in slopes and retaining structures, and in landfill engineering are discussed. The Recommendations have been supplemented by the following sections: - reinforced earth structures over point or linear bearing elements, - foundation systems using geotextile-encased columns, - bridging subsidence, - dynamic actions of geosynthetic-reinforced systems. The remaining sections have been fundamentally revised and updated in line with current standards and codes of practice.

Highway Improvement Program

Highway Improvement Program PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 584

Book Description


Guide for Pavement Friction

Guide for Pavement Friction PDF Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560514280
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 87

Book Description
This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.