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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This report is the final update on ARM research conducted at DRI through May of 2006. A relatively minor amount of work was done after May, and last month (November), two journal papers partially funded by this project were published. The other investigator on this project, Dr. Bob d'Entremont, will be submitting his report in February 2007 when his no-cost extension expires. The main developments for this period, which concludes most of the DRI research on this project, are as follows: (1) Further development of a retrieval method for cirrus cloud ice particle effective diameter (De) and ice water path (IWP) using terrestrial radiances measured from satellites; (2) Revision and publication of the journal article 'Testing and Comparing the Modified Anomalous Diffraction Approximation'; and (3) Revision and publication of our radar retrieval method for IWC and snowfall rate.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This report is the final update on ARM research conducted at DRI through May of 2006. A relatively minor amount of work was done after May, and last month (November), two journal papers partially funded by this project were published. The other investigator on this project, Dr. Bob d'Entremont, will be submitting his report in February 2007 when his no-cost extension expires. The main developments for this period, which concludes most of the DRI research on this project, are as follows: (1) Further development of a retrieval method for cirrus cloud ice particle effective diameter (De) and ice water path (IWP) using terrestrial radiances measured from satellites; (2) Revision and publication of the journal article 'Testing and Comparing the Modified Anomalous Diffraction Approximation'; and (3) Revision and publication of our radar retrieval method for IWC and snowfall rate.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We have developed a detection scheme to identify single and multilayer cirrus cloud systems based on the physical properties of the AVHRR Chs, 1-2 reflectances and ratios, the brightness temperature differences between Chs. 4 and 5, and the 4 brightness temperatures. Clear pixels are first separated from cloudy pixels which are then classified into three types: cirrus, cirrus/low cloud, and low cloud. This scheme has been applied to the NOAA satellite data collected over FIRE-II-IFO area, Kansas, during nine overpasses within seven observation dates (November - December 1991). We have validated the detection results against cloudy conditions inferred from the collocated and coincident ground-based lidar and radar images, balloon-borne replicator data, and NCAR-CLASS humidity sounding a case-by-case basis. We show that the satellite detection results are considered with the cloudy conditions inferred from these independent and complementary measurements. We have also modified our retrieval scheme for the determination of cirrus optical depth and ice crystal size in multilayer cirrus cloud systems, case study using FIRE-II-IFO data is reported.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Cirrus is one of the most poorly quantified clouds. As a part of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), intensive observations of cirrus clouds were taken in the autumn of 1986 over Wisconsin. During this First ISCCP Regional Experiment Cirrus Intensive Field Observation (FIRE Cirrus IFO), coordinated measurements from satellite, aircraft, and ground-based platforms were made of cirrus clouds. This paper deals with the verification of cirrus cloud information, both spatial and radiative, obtained for a 1986 FIRE cloud scene using measurements from two independent sensors onboard the NOAA-9 polar orbiting satellite. In addition to the wide variability in properties common for other types of clouds, cirrus clouds have the added complexity of transmissivity t values that span the entire possible domain 0 = t= 1. Thus, uncertainties exist in thin cirrus cloud amount, altitude, thickness, and optical properties as retrieved from satellite because the measured cirrus signal is affected additionally by an unknown radiation component from below.
Author: Kuo-Nan Liou Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521889162 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Author: Constantin Andronache Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 012810550X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author: David K. Lynch Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0195351398 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 499
Book Description
Cirrus clouds are high, thin, tropospheric clouds composed predominately of ice. In the last ten years, considerable work has shown that cirrus is widespread--more common than previously believed--and has a significant impact on climate and global change. As the next generation weather satellites are being designed, the impact of cirrus on remote sensing and the global energy budget must be recognized and accommodated. This book, the first to be devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus and serves as a practical handbook as well. Each chapter is based on an invited review talk presented at Cirrus, a meeting hosted by the Optical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. All aspects of cirrus clouds are covered, an approach that reaches into diverse fields. Topics include: the definition of cirrus, cirrus climatologies, nucleation, evolution and dissipation, mixed-phase thermodynamics, crystallinity, orientation mechanisms, dynamics, scattering, radiative transfer, in situ sampling, processes that produce or influence cirrus (and vice versa), contrails, and the influence of cirrus on climate.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781720383284 Category : Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
The First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment (FIRE) program has the goal of improving our capabilities to understand, model and detect the properties of climatically-important clouds. This is being undertaken through a three-pronged effort of modeling, long-term observations and short-term intensive field studies. Through examination of satellite and other data it is apparent that stratus and cirrus cloud types have the greatest impact on climate due to their radiative effects and ubiquitous nature. As a result, the FIRE program has developed two paths of investigation, each having its own subset of research objectives and measurement programs. The work conducted under this grant was directed toward furthering our understanding of cirrus cloud systems. While it is known that cirrus are climatically important, the magnitude and even sign of the impact is unclear. Cirrus clouds affect the transfer of radiation according to their physical depth and location in the atmosphere and their microphysical composition. However, significant uncertainties still exist in how cirrus clouds form and how they are maintained, what their physical properties are and how they can be parameterized in numerical models. Better remote sensing techniques for monitoring cirrus cloud systems and improved modeling of radiative transfer through ice particles are also needed. A critical element in resolving these issues is a better understanding of cirrus cloud microphysical properties and how they vary. The focus of the research to be conducted under this grant was th data collected in situ by the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft. The goals of this research were to add to the body of knowledge of cirrus cloud microphysics, particularly at the small end of the size spectrum; and analyze the spatial variation of cirrus clouds.Poellot, Michael R. and Grainger, Cedric A.Langley Research CenterCIRRUS CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSING; CLOUD PHYSICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; IS
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Chenxi Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
This dissertation focuses on the global investigation of optically thin cirrus cloud optical thickness [tau] and microphysical properties, such as, effective particle size (D_(eff)) and ice crystal habits (shapes), based on the global satellite observations and fast radiative transfer models (RTMs). In the first part, we develop two computationally efficient RTMs simulating satellite observations under cloudy-sky conditions in the visible/shortwave infrared (VIS/SWIR) and thermal inferred (IR) spectral regions, respectively. To mitigate the computational burden associated with absorption, thermal emission and multiple scattering, we generate pre-computed lookup tables (LUTs) using two rigorous models, i.e., the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) and the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT). The second part introduces two methods (i.e., VIS/SWIR- and IR-based methods) to retrieve [tau] and D_(eff) from satellite observations in corresponding spectral regions of the two RTMs. We discuss the advantages and weakness of the two methods by estimating the impacts from different error sources on the retrievals through sensitivity studies. Finally, we develop a new method to infer the scattering phase functions of optically thin cirrus clouds in a water vapor absorption channel (1.38-[mu]m). We estimate the ice crystal habits and surface structures by comparing the inferred scattering phase functions and numerically simulated phase functions calculated using idealized habits. We find two critical features of the two retrieval methods: (1) the IR-based method is more sensitive to optically thin cirrus cloud, and (2) the VIS/SWIR-based method is more sensitive to the pre-assumed ice cloud microphysical parameterization schemes. We derive the optically thin cirrus cloud phase functions based on the two methods. We find that small column-like particles (e.g., solid columns and column-aggregates) and droxtals with rough surfaces are likely to reside in optically thin cirrus clouds. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151213
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Author: Kuo-Nan Liou
Author: Adrienne L. Kieldsing
Author: Constantin Andronache
Author: David K. Lynch
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Author: Chenxi Wang