Development and Characterization of Proton Conductive Membranes and Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Fuel Cells PDF Download

Author: Ruichun Jiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Qingfeng Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319170821
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 561

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This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.

Author: Harshal Anil Kasat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrodes, Ion selective
Languages : en
Pages : 57

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This work aimed to characterize and optimize the variables that influence the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) preparation using design of experiment (DOE) approach. In the process of GDL preparation, the quantity of carbon support and feflon were found to have significant influence on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Characterization methods like surface roughness, wetting characteristics, microstructure surface morphology, pore size distribution, and thermal conductivity of GDLs were examined using laser interferometer, Goniometer, SEM, porosimetry. and thermal conductivity analyzer respectively. The GDLs were evaluated in single cell PEMFC under various operating conditions of temperature and relative humidity (RH) using air as oxidant. Electrodes were prepared with different PUREBLACK® and poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content in the diffusion layer and maintaining catalytic layer with a Pt-loading (0.4 mg cm-2). In the study, a 73.16 wt.% level of PB and 34 wt.% level of PTFE was the optimal compositions for GDL at 70 °C for 70% RH under air atmosphere.For most electrochemical processes the oxygen reduction is very vita reaction. Pt loading in the electrocatalyst contributes towards the total cost of electrochemical devices. Reducing the Pt loading in electrocatalysts with high efficiency is important for the development of fuel cell technologies. To this end, this thesis work reports the approach to lower down the Pt loading in electrocatalyst based on N-doped carbon nanotubes derived from Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-67) for oxygen reduction. This electrocatalyst perform with higher electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen reduction in fuel cell testing. The electrochemical properties are mainly due to the synergistic effect from N-doped carbon nanotubes derived from ZIF and Pt loading. The strategy with low Pt loading forecasts in emerging highly active and less expensive electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy devices.This thesis focuses on: (i) methods to obtain greater power density by optimizing content of wet-proofing agent (PTFE) and fine-grained, hydrophobic, microporous layer (MPL); (ii) modeling full factorial analysis of PEMFC for evaluation with experimental results and predicting further improvements in performance; (iii) methods to obtain high levels of performance with low Pt loading electrodes based on N-doped carbon nanotubes derived from ZIF-67 and Pt.

Author: Surbhi Sharma
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 311064732X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) membranes. The author highlights requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of PEMFC and its interactions with other components. It is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes. Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest fi ller materials like graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides and membrane concepts unfolding in the field of PEMFC. This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon. Provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes. Reviews recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes. Surbhi Sharma, MSc, PhD Working on graphene oxide and fuel cells since 2007, she has published about 50 research articles/book chapters and holds a patent. She has also been awarded various research grants.

Author: Hien Nguyen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Abstract: Hydrogen is a critical energy carrier for defossilising the transportation sector. Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells represent a pivotal technology for heavy-duty vehicles, in particular. These fuel cells enable the conversion of hydrogen into electrical energy, with the only by-product being water. State-of-the-art PEM fuel cells rely on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) as cation-exchange material. The synthesis of PFSAs is complex, hazardous and expensive, which limits their production to a few select facilities globally, driving up costs even at high volumes. In recent years, there has been a growing concern over the high level of irreversible environmental damage caused by perfluorinated substances. Leading corporations, such as DuPont and 3M, have faced numerous lawsuits for over a decade. To address these concerns, 3M announced in December 2022 that it would exit the perfluorinated substances business by the end of 2025. An alternative to PFSAs is hydrocarbon ionomers, which offer potentially lower material costs, high thermo-mechanical stability at high operating temperatures, and reduced environmental concerns. While replacing PFSA with hydrocarbon ionomers can make fuel cells more sustainable, it has been observed in earlier studies to compromise performance. The primary objective of this study was to bridge the performance and knowledge gap between hydrocarbon and PFSA-based PEM fuel cells. This was achieved by employing a recently commercialized ionomer called "Pemion". Leveraging this innovative material, this work succeeded in developing a fully hydrocarbon-based fuel cell with outstanding performance, representing a significant breakthrough in 2021. To realize this outcome, the study began with a comprehensive literature review,[1] that identified the most significant limitations associated with hydrocarbon-based fuel cells and proposed strategies for their future commercialization. Systematic know-how transfer was then implemented from the field of PFSA-based materials, encompassing process adaptations and extensive optimization of the catalyst layer to advance towards the state-of-the-art performance of PFSA-based fuel cells. A combination of an ultra-thin monolithic membrane (7 μm) and an optimized ink composition with a platinum-cobalt catalyst enabled a comparable peak performance (> 2 W cm-2) to state-of-the-art PFSA reference cell under optimized laboratory conditions: H2/O2, 80 °C, fully humidified gases and ambient pressure. Electrochemical characterizations under various operating conditions show that the hydrocarbon-based cells' performance is more sensitive to changes in relative humidity than the PFSA reference cell.[2] Based on the proof-of-concept, two follow-up improvement pathways have been identified to improve performance and understanding in hydrocarbon-based fuel cells. First, ionomer gradient catalyst layers have been introduced for hydrocarbon-based fuel cells.[3] A two-fold higher ionomer content compared to the optimized one in 25 % of the catalyst layer at the membrane interface improved the performance by up to 35 % in application-relevant conditions, i.e. reduced humidity, while maintaining high peak performance under the same conditions. Second, different conditioning procedures were investigated on hydrocarbon-based fuel cells for the first time. A novel conditioning procedure developed for hydrocarbon-based fuel cells was found to improve the typically lower performance at low current densities of hydrocarbon-based fuel cells the most efficiently.[4] Based on the findings, fuel cells that use Pemion have been shown to perform similarly to those that use PFSA, but further improvements are required for their application in fuel-cell electric vehicles. To continue improving these fuel cells, it is important to find a balance between effective proton conductivity and mechanical integrity of the ionomer in the catalyst layer for efficient performance under different humidity levels. Reference: [1] Hien Nguyen, Carolin Klose, Lukas Metzler, Severin Vierrath, and Matthias Breitwieser. Fully hydrocarbon membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers: An engineering perspective. Advanced Energy Materials, 12(12):2103559, 2022. doi:10.1002/aenm.202103559. [2] Hien T. T. Nguyen, Florian Lombeck, Claudia Schwarz, Philipp A. Heizmann, Michael Adamski, Hsu-Feng Lee, Benjamin Britton, Steven Holdcroft, Severin Vierrath, and Matthias Breitwieser. Hydrocarbon-based pemionTM proton exchange membrane fuel cells with state-of-the-art performance. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, (5):3687-3699, 2021. doi:10.1039/D1SE00556A. [3] Hien T. T. Nguyen, Dilara Sultanova, Philipp A. Heizmann, Severin Vierrath, and Matthias Breitwieser. Improving the efficiency of fully hydrocarbon-based proton-exchange membrane fuel cells by ionomer content gradients in cathode catalyst layers. Materials Advances, 2022. doi:10.1039/d2ma00761d. [4] Hien Nguyen, Julian Stiegeler, Hannes Liepold, Claudia Schwarz, Severin Vierrath, and Matthias Breitwieser. A comparative study of conditioning methods for hydrocarbon-based proton-exchange membrane fuel cells for improved performance. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202300202

Author: Thomas Francis Fuller
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 1566775019
Category : Ion-permeable membranes
Languages : en
Pages : 1385

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The symposium was devoted to all aspects of research development and engineering of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Three subareas were covered: materials and electrode processes, fuel cell systems, and durability.

Author: T. Fuller
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 1566776481
Category : Fuel cells
Languages : en
Pages : 2220

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This international symposium is devoted to all aspects of research, development, and engineering of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and stacks, as well as low-temperature direct-fuel cells. The intention is to bring together the international community working on the subject and to enable effective interactions between research and engineering communities.

Author: Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387735321
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439

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From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.

Author: Alhussein Albarbar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319707272
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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This book examines the characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells with a focus on deriving realistic finite element models. The book also explains in detail how to set up measuring systems, data analysis, and PEM Fuel Cells’ static and dynamic characteristics. Covered in detail are design and operation principles such as polarization phenomenon, thermodynamic analysis, and overall voltage; failure modes and mechanisms such as permanent faults, membrane degradation, and water management; and modelling and numerical simulation including semi-empirical, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional models. It is appropriate for graduate students, researchers, and engineers who work with the design and reliability of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Author: Shimshon Gottesfeld
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566772211
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524

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