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Author: James Eastman Jorgensen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Stringent regulations worldwide will limit the level of particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline engines equipped with direct fuel injection. Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) present one strategy for meeting PM limits over the full operating range of the engine. Over time these filters accumulate incombustible ash, increasing system pressure drop and adversely effecting engine performance. The effect of aging as a result of ash accumulation is examined over the full lifetime of gasoline particulate filters, using a novel accelerated aging system. This system utilizes a gasoline combustion chamber into which lubricating oil is injected simulating combustion in the power cylinder - the primary source of lubricant-derived ash. Advanced imaging techniques are used to characterize filter and particulate emission behavior, and compare to prior data from diesel filters of the same type. Likewise, pressure drop behavior is observed for multiple filter samples and compared to prior experiments. A collocated Gasoline Direct Injection engine was installed for comparative purposes; a method of testing engine performance with GPF installations was developed and the engine was prepared and instrumented for future testing. This report details the construction and validation of the accelerated aging system, examination and comparison of results to those from prior experiments, and confirmation of principal assumptions used in developing the experimental test matrix. This study is one of a very few completed in a unique, emerging field of study, driven by new and extremely stringent emissions regulations around the globe. Practical testing here lays the foundation for future detailed research into the behavior and application of particulate filters to gasoline fueled engines in light duty passenger vehicles.
Author: James Eastman Jorgensen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Stringent regulations worldwide will limit the level of particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline engines equipped with direct fuel injection. Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) present one strategy for meeting PM limits over the full operating range of the engine. Over time these filters accumulate incombustible ash, increasing system pressure drop and adversely effecting engine performance. The effect of aging as a result of ash accumulation is examined over the full lifetime of gasoline particulate filters, using a novel accelerated aging system. This system utilizes a gasoline combustion chamber into which lubricating oil is injected simulating combustion in the power cylinder - the primary source of lubricant-derived ash. Advanced imaging techniques are used to characterize filter and particulate emission behavior, and compare to prior data from diesel filters of the same type. Likewise, pressure drop behavior is observed for multiple filter samples and compared to prior experiments. A collocated Gasoline Direct Injection engine was installed for comparative purposes; a method of testing engine performance with GPF installations was developed and the engine was prepared and instrumented for future testing. This report details the construction and validation of the accelerated aging system, examination and comparison of results to those from prior experiments, and confirmation of principal assumptions used in developing the experimental test matrix. This study is one of a very few completed in a unique, emerging field of study, driven by new and extremely stringent emissions regulations around the globe. Practical testing here lays the foundation for future detailed research into the behavior and application of particulate filters to gasoline fueled engines in light duty passenger vehicles.
Author: AV. Gershun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Accelerated aging test Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated aging test (AAT) for conventional and extended life coolants that will predict coolant composition and performance after 100 000 or more miles (160 930 km) of use. The procedure was developed by examining the effects of a series of cooling system metals, their surface area and the amount of each used, test temperature, glycol concentration, and test time on important chemical and physical properties of the test coolant. The chemical and physical properties evaluated included the accumulation of glycol degradation products, the depletion rate of active inhibitors, the pH drop, and the presence of corrosion products in solution. In addition, the test coolant performance was evaluated in ASTM D 1384 and D 4340. The effects of variation in the test procedure on the coolant were compared to actual coolant from extended duration fleet tests. The test procedure selected gave test coolant with composition, physical properties, and performance that compared favorably with the fleet test fluid. The test performance was validated by comparing the properties of a series fluids after this test to corresponding fluids removed from vehicles after extended use. An example of fluid development using this procedure is presented. Further areas of investigation are suggested. It is recommended that the general test procedure be considered for adoption as an ASTM test method for evaluation of the extended performance of fluids in automotive and light duty cooling systems.
Author: Thorsten Boger Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768095433 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
For years, diesel engines have been the focus of particulate matter emission reductions. Now, however, modern diesel engines emit less particles than a comparable gasoline engine. This transformation necessitates an introduction of particulate reduction strategies for the gasoline-powered vehicle. Many strategies can be leveraged from diesel engines, but new combustion and engine control technologies will be needed to meet the latest gasoline regulations across the globe. Particulate reduction is a critical health concern in addition to the regulatory requirements. This is a vital issue with real-world implications. Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines encompasses the current strategies and technologies used to reduce particulates to meet regulatory requirements and curtail health hazards - reviewing principles and applications of these techniques. Highlights and features in the book include: Gasoline particulate filter design, function and applications Coated and uncoated three way catalyst design and integration Measurement of gasoline particulate matter emission, both laboratory and PEMS The goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of gasoline particulate emission control to meet regulatory and health requirements - appealing to calibration, development and testing engineers alike.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This is a 3-way CRADA project working together with Corning, Inc. and Hyundai Motor Co. (HMC). The project is to understand particulate emissions from gasoline direct-injection engines (GDI) and their physico-chemical properties. In addition, this project focuses on providing fundamental information about filtration and regeneration mechanisms occurring in gasoline particulate filter (GPF) systems. For the work, Corning provides most advanced filter substrates for GPF applications and HMC provides three-way catalyst (TWC) coating services of these filter by way of a catalyst coating company. Then, Argonne National Laboratory characterizes fundamental behaviors of filtration and regeneration processes as well as evaluated TWC functionality for the coated filters. To examine aging impacts on TWC and GPF performance, the research team evaluates gaseous and particulate emissions as well as back-pressure increase with ash loading by using an engine-oil injection system to accelerate ash loading in TWC-coated GPFs.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309122082 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Yangdongfang Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
Porous materials are widely used to separate mixtures such as gas/solid and liquid/solid, with the desired characteristics being low pressure drop and high separation. In the automotive exhaust aftertreatment area, two types of filtration are commonly studied, deep bed filtration and cake filtration. Deep bed filtration is filtration inside the porous material, while cake filtration is filtration by the particulate cake layer, which generally has both high filtration efficiency and high pressure drop. The unit collector concept was developed to model the porous material statistically and with lower computational cost. The standard unit collector model with spherical collectors was found to have high fidelity in predicting Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) performance, where cake filtration is dominant. Nevertheless, the deep bed filtration process is still difficult to capture, due to its complexity and the continuous wall structure changes that occur during deposition. The development of a model that can capture the changes in the microstructure and properties of the porous material is extremely helpful to understand the filtration process and could be used in real device design. In the current study, the unit collector model is successfully extended to the deep bed filtration area. A Pore Filtration Model (PFM) is developed using the constricted tube concept, which has the advantages of lower computational cost and higher accuracy, as the collector. A complete solution is provided in the current study, including the model development process, validation, and performance. Data from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine is used to validate the model for significantly different particulate conditions occurring under four different operating conditions. Details of the modeling process, including individual unit collector analysis, and the combination of constricted tube collectors, are presented. The differences in the overall filtration efficiency from the experimental measurements and the simulations are within 3%. Comparisons of the spherical collector and the constricted tube collector through both theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the advantage of the PFM. Besides the model development process, the PFM performance is also investigated. The effect of the geometry of the constricted tube collector on the filtration efficiency is examined. The simulation study indicates porous materials with high porosity and narrow pores have high filtration efficiency. Additionally, the filtration is analyzed for various operating conditions with an objective of understanding the real filtration circumstances.
Author: James Eastman Jorgensen
Author: James Eastman Jorgensen
Author: AV. Gershun
Author: Thorsten Boger
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Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Yangdongfang Yang