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Author: Shelly Pickett Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The monitoring of changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities over time facilitates the evaluation of changes in the function and structure of aquatic ecosystems. I hypothesize that it will be possible to reconstruct historic macroinvertebrate communities by examining gut contents of fishes preserved in natural history museums. Researchers can use this knowledge to estimate the historic benthic macroinvertebrate community for streams from which we have fish museum specimens. These historic data can then be compared to current data to see how macroinvertebrate communities have changed over time.In this study, the fishes whose gut content most accurately reflected the benthic macroinvertebrate community of a freshwater stream, specifically Marshalls Creek, were identified. Both fish species and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at various sites of Marshalls Creek in East Stroudsburg, PA, in March, August, and December 2010. Collections were taken at different times of year to reflect seasonal variation both in species sampled and quantity collected. 231 fish were dissected and their gut contents identified. Bluespotted Sunfish, Redbreast Sunfish, and White Suckers were the species that best represented the benthic macroinvertebrate community from their gut content. These species can be used to predict 81% of the total summer taxa.If there are 10 museum specimens of the selected species available, (in this case 10 White Suckers, 10 Bluespotted Sunfish, and 10 Redbreast Sunfish), one could dissect a total of 30 fish and expect to identify 68% of the total taxa (both kicknet and gut taxa combined) found in the freshwater stream where the specimens originated.In order to estimate sampling distribution, using R 3.0.2, 100 simulations were run of each combination of three fish species to determine the average quantity of taxa consumed (to the family level) along with sampling variation. The benthic macroinvertebrate data obtained fromivthe dissection of museum specimens could then be compared to data obtained from more recently collected specimens (10 White Suckers, 10 Bluespotted Sunfish, and 10 Redbreast Sunfish) and a comparison made to determine how the macroinvertebrate community has changed over time. Are families associated with high quality streams missing from the current collection? Based on which macroinvertebrate families are present and/or absent, the types of stresses that have caused these absences can be determined.
Author: Shelly Pickett Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The monitoring of changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities over time facilitates the evaluation of changes in the function and structure of aquatic ecosystems. I hypothesize that it will be possible to reconstruct historic macroinvertebrate communities by examining gut contents of fishes preserved in natural history museums. Researchers can use this knowledge to estimate the historic benthic macroinvertebrate community for streams from which we have fish museum specimens. These historic data can then be compared to current data to see how macroinvertebrate communities have changed over time.In this study, the fishes whose gut content most accurately reflected the benthic macroinvertebrate community of a freshwater stream, specifically Marshalls Creek, were identified. Both fish species and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at various sites of Marshalls Creek in East Stroudsburg, PA, in March, August, and December 2010. Collections were taken at different times of year to reflect seasonal variation both in species sampled and quantity collected. 231 fish were dissected and their gut contents identified. Bluespotted Sunfish, Redbreast Sunfish, and White Suckers were the species that best represented the benthic macroinvertebrate community from their gut content. These species can be used to predict 81% of the total summer taxa.If there are 10 museum specimens of the selected species available, (in this case 10 White Suckers, 10 Bluespotted Sunfish, and 10 Redbreast Sunfish), one could dissect a total of 30 fish and expect to identify 68% of the total taxa (both kicknet and gut taxa combined) found in the freshwater stream where the specimens originated.In order to estimate sampling distribution, using R 3.0.2, 100 simulations were run of each combination of three fish species to determine the average quantity of taxa consumed (to the family level) along with sampling variation. The benthic macroinvertebrate data obtained fromivthe dissection of museum specimens could then be compared to data obtained from more recently collected specimens (10 White Suckers, 10 Bluespotted Sunfish, and 10 Redbreast Sunfish) and a comparison made to determine how the macroinvertebrate community has changed over time. Are families associated with high quality streams missing from the current collection? Based on which macroinvertebrate families are present and/or absent, the types of stresses that have caused these absences can be determined.
Author: F. Richard Hauer Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080547435 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 894
Book Description
Methods in Stream Ecology, Second Edition, provides a complete series of field and laboratory protocols in stream ecology that are ideal for teaching or conducting research. This updated edition reflects recent advances in the technology associated with ecological assessment of streams, including remote sensing. In addition, the relationship between stream flow and alluviation has been added, and a new chapter on riparian zones is also included. The book features exercises in each chapter; detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students; and taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae. With a student-friendly price, this book is key for all students and researchers in stream and freshwater ecology, freshwater biology, marine ecology, and river ecology. This text is also supportive as a supplementary text for courses in watershed ecology/science, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and landscape ecology. - Exercises in each chapter - Detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students - Taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae - Link from Chapter 22: FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION to an interactive program for assessing and modeling fish numbers
Author: Didem Gokce Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1838807888 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Anthropogenic influences, such as changing climatic conditions, domestic and industrial pollution, eutrophication, and salinization, have great impacts on freshwater systems. Nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems, population dynamics and community structure, water quality, sustainability, and management of ecosystem stability are increasingly important. Establishing a management strategy using a multidisciplinary approach ensures the sustainability of water resources. The present and future work being done in the field of limnology is necessary for preserving and protecting our freshwater ecosystems. In this respect, limnology is a rapidly developing science that has many significant aspects. The scope of this book covers all aspects of freshwater environment studies, from physical and chemical to biological limnology. This book provides useful information on basic, experimental, and applied limnology to researchers and decision makers.
Author: Roger N. Hughes Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642751180 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 887
Book Description
Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection examines animals belonging to diverse trophic groups, from carnivores, herbivores, micro-algal grazers, to filter-feeders and detritus-feeders. In the past Optimal Foraging Theory has been applied to all these groups, but in different ways and in disci plines that rarely overlap. Here concepts and developments hitherto scattered in the literature are drawn together. This uniquely broad synthesis captures the state of the art in the study of diet selection and prescribes new objectives in theoretical development and research.
Author: Sohini Bhattacharyya Publisher: ISBN: Category : Stream ecology Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Freshwater ecosystems serve as habitats for an array of macroinvertebrates and microorganisms. Macroinvertebrates are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems and their guts serve as habitats for various microorganisms, including bacteria. However, the role of freshwater macroinvertebrates and their gut microbiomes in performing ecosystem functions, including (but not limited to) biogeochemical processes, are relatively less explored than free-living microbiomes. The overall goal of this dissertation is to understand the contribution of freshwater macroinvertebrates towards nitrogen dynamics (denitrification in particular), antibiotic resistance, and the connection of these processes to bacterial community composition and function. Hence, I examined differences in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundances and bacterial community composition among macroinvertebrate guts, sediment, and water microbiomes in an urban Northeast Ohio stream, looked at connection between denitrification functional genes and denitrification rates in crayfish guts, and effect of bioturbation on dissolved inorganic nitrogen, denitrification and bacterial abundance and community composition. Overall, the results showed that macroinvertebrate guts may serve as potential reservoirs of ARGs, however, we did not find evidence to show that macroinvertebrates serve as vectors of ARGs. Furthermore, we found that crayfish guts support both incomplete and complete denitrification while bioturbation by macroinvertebrates having different modes of burrowing influenced dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration and bacterial community composition differently. Future studies need to focus on extensive sampling to draw generalizations about the role of macroinvertebrates in antibiotic resistance and denitrification in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, such results when tested in field experiments can have implications on restoration and management decisions, and connect the effect of anthropogenic activities with ecosystem functions.
Author: B. B. Jana Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1040267343 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 502
Book Description
The anatomy of water, water as a substance, water as a medium, the principles of the hydrologic cycle, the economics of water, and challenges are all covered in the first chapter of this book. The horizon of the tropical world, the environment, particularly the tropical environment, aquatic biome, tropical aquatic bionetwork, concept of biosphere, and tropical limnology are all covered in the second chapter. The third chapter covers the following topics: the origins of lakes, general lake classification, tropical lakes, lake morphometry, morpho-edaphic index, trophic status index of lakes, wetlands, and mangroves in tropical regions. The lotic environment is the main topic of the fourth chapter, which also covers the idea of stream order, the differences between rivers and streams, the river continuum, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, and adaptations of fish found in hill streams. Chapter five covers the prokaryota, cyanobacteria, freshwater biota, and water-adapted organisms. The sixth chapter focuses on the algal communities Xanthophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Phaeophyceae (brown algae), and Chlorophyceae. The seventh and last chapter covers the following topics: Protozoa, Porifera, Rotifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Aquatic Insects, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Brachiopodaa.
Author: Francois Pompanon Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781617798696 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Population genomics is a recently emerged discipline, which aims at understanding how evolutionary processes influence genetic variation across genomes. Today, in the era of cheaper next-generation sequencing, it is no longer as daunting to obtain whole genome data for any species of interest and population genomics is now conceivable in a wide range of fields, from medicine and pharmacology to ecology and evolutionary biology. However, because of the lack of reference genome and of enough a priori data on the polymorphism, population genomics analyses of populations will still involve higher constraints for researchers working on non-model organisms, as regards the choice of the genotyping/sequencing technique or that of the analysis methods. Therefore, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics purposely puts emphasis on protocols and methods that are applicable to species where genomic resources are still scarce. It is divided into three convenient sections, each one tackling one of the main challenges facing scientists setting up a population genomics study. The first section helps devising a sampling and/or experimental design suitable to address the biological question of interest. The second section addresses how to implement the best genotyping or sequencing method to obtain the required data given the time and cost constraints as well as the other genetic resources already available, Finally, the last section is about making the most of the (generally huge) dataset produced by using appropriate analysis methods in order to reach a biologically relevant conclusion. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, advice on methodology and implementation, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics serves a wide readership by providing guidelines to help choose and implement the best experimental or analytical strategy for a given purpose.
Author: David Dudgeon Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080557171 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
Tropical Stream Ecology describes the main features of tropical streams and their ecology. It covers the major physico-chemical features, important processes such as primary production and organic-matter transformation, as well as the main groups of consumers: invertebrates, fishes and other vertebrates. Information on concepts and paradigms developed in north-temperate latitudes and how they do not match the reality of ecosystems further south is expertly addressed. The pressing matter of conservation of tropical streams and their biodiversity is included in almost every chapter, with a final chapter providing a synthesis on conservation issues. For the first time, Tropical Stream Ecology places an important emphasis on viewing research carried out in contributions from international literature. - First synthetic account of the ecology of all types of tropical streams - Covers all of the major tropical regions - Detailed consideration of possible fundamental differences between tropical and temperate stream ecosystems - Threats faced by tropical stream ecosystems and possible conservation actions - Descriptions and synstheses life-histories and breeding patterns of major aquatic consumers (fishes, invertebrates)
Author: Shelly Pickett
Author: Shelly Pickett
Author: F. Richard Hauer
Author: Didem Gokce
Author: Scott C. Fetherston
Author: Roger N. Hughes
Author: Sohini Bhattacharyya
Author: B. B. Jana
Author: Richard W. Merritt
Author: Francois Pompanon
Author: David Dudgeon