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Determination of Volatiles from Fungi and Plants: Challenges and Limitations of a HS SPME GC-MS Method for Quantification

Determination of Volatiles from Fungi and Plants: Challenges and Limitations of a HS SPME GC-MS Method for Quantification PDF Author: Alexandra Fiebrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63

Book Description
Die Analyse von 28 flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) die in Pflanzen und Pilzen vorkommen, wurde in dieser Masterarbeit dargestellt. Die verwendete analytische Technik war Gaschromatographie (GC) gekoppelt mit Massenspektrometrie (MS). Die Analyten wurden mittels Festphasen Miktroextraktion (SPME) aus dem Gasraum (HS) extrahiert. Die experimentell ermittelten Massspektren und berechneten Retentionsindizes wurden zur Erstellung einer hausinternen Datenbank verwendet. Die Datenbankeinträge wurden mit physikalischen Informationen z.B. Schmelz- und Siedepunkt und dem Molekulargewicht versehen. Für die Evaluierung der Methodencharakteristika war die Bestimmung des linearen Konzentrationsbrereiches von sieben ausgewählten Substanzen - jede repräsentierte eine chemische Gruppe - für die weitere externe Kalibrierung erforderlich. Die Matrixeinflüsse des Standardgemischs und des Nährmediums mussten ermittelt werden. Für den Matrixeffekt des Standardgemischs wurden die sieben Substanzen in einer Standardlösung kombiniert und diese wurde in sieben Verdünnungen gemessen. Anschließend wurden die erstellten Kalibrierkurven der Einzelsubstanzen mit denen aus dem Standardgemisch verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die relative Rückmeldung (response) der Einzelsubstazen viel höher war als im Standardgemisch, d.h. die einzelnen Substanzen beeinflussen sich negativ. Ausgehend von dem Standardgemisch wurden für eine detailiertere Untersuchung der Matrixeinflüsse, 21 binäre Gemische aus den sieben Substanzen hergestellt und gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass z.B. 3-Octanone einen negativen (17 - 82 %) und Furan-2-ethyl einen positiven Einfluss (51 - 849 %) auf die anderen Substanzen im Gemisch hatten. Die von dem Nährmedium ausgehenden Matrixeinflüsse wurden getestet, indem die Einzelsubstanzen auf das Medium aufgebracht wurden. Nach den Messungen wurden Kalibrierkurven erstellt und mit denen der Einzelsubstanzen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass das Nährmedium drei verschiedene Einflüsse auf die Substanzen aufweist, nämlich: Verstärkung (113 - 2220 %), Unterdrückung (50 %) und Einheitlichkeit. Conclusio: die Matrixeinflüsse müssen vor der Quantifizierung im Detail untersucht werden.*****The analysis of 28 volatile organic compounds (VOC) occurring in plants and fungi was reported in this master thesis. The analytical technique used was gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). The analytes were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) from the headspace (HS). The experimentally determined mass spectra and the calculated retention indices were used to build an in-house database. The database entries were equipped with physical information e.g. boiling and melting point and formula mass. For the evaluation of method characteristics the determination of the linear concentration range of seven selected substances, each representing a structural group, was necessary for the further external calibration. The matrix effects of the standard mixture and the cultivation medium had to be investigated. For the matrix effects of the standard mixture, the seven substances were combined into one standard mixture and were measured in seven dilutions. Afterwards, the established calibration curves of the single standards were compared to those standards in the standard mixture. Results showed that the relative response of the single standards was much higher than in the standard mixture i.e. that the substances affected each other in a negative way. For a more detailed investigation of the matrix effects occurring from the single substances, 21 binary mixtures of the seven substances were measured. Results showed that e.g. 3-octanone had a negative (17 - 82 %) and furan-2-ethyl had a positive (51 - 849 %) effect on the other substances in the mixture. Matrix effects occurring from the cultivation medium, were tested by applying single standard solutions on the PDA medium. After the measurements calibration cu??P????arte???P???????? can be started.

Determination of Volatiles from Fungi and Plants: Challenges and Limitations of a HS SPME GC-MS Method for Quantification

Determination of Volatiles from Fungi and Plants: Challenges and Limitations of a HS SPME GC-MS Method for Quantification PDF Author: Alexandra Fiebrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63

Book Description
Die Analyse von 28 flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) die in Pflanzen und Pilzen vorkommen, wurde in dieser Masterarbeit dargestellt. Die verwendete analytische Technik war Gaschromatographie (GC) gekoppelt mit Massenspektrometrie (MS). Die Analyten wurden mittels Festphasen Miktroextraktion (SPME) aus dem Gasraum (HS) extrahiert. Die experimentell ermittelten Massspektren und berechneten Retentionsindizes wurden zur Erstellung einer hausinternen Datenbank verwendet. Die Datenbankeinträge wurden mit physikalischen Informationen z.B. Schmelz- und Siedepunkt und dem Molekulargewicht versehen. Für die Evaluierung der Methodencharakteristika war die Bestimmung des linearen Konzentrationsbrereiches von sieben ausgewählten Substanzen - jede repräsentierte eine chemische Gruppe - für die weitere externe Kalibrierung erforderlich. Die Matrixeinflüsse des Standardgemischs und des Nährmediums mussten ermittelt werden. Für den Matrixeffekt des Standardgemischs wurden die sieben Substanzen in einer Standardlösung kombiniert und diese wurde in sieben Verdünnungen gemessen. Anschließend wurden die erstellten Kalibrierkurven der Einzelsubstanzen mit denen aus dem Standardgemisch verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die relative Rückmeldung (response) der Einzelsubstazen viel höher war als im Standardgemisch, d.h. die einzelnen Substanzen beeinflussen sich negativ. Ausgehend von dem Standardgemisch wurden für eine detailiertere Untersuchung der Matrixeinflüsse, 21 binäre Gemische aus den sieben Substanzen hergestellt und gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass z.B. 3-Octanone einen negativen (17 - 82 %) und Furan-2-ethyl einen positiven Einfluss (51 - 849 %) auf die anderen Substanzen im Gemisch hatten. Die von dem Nährmedium ausgehenden Matrixeinflüsse wurden getestet, indem die Einzelsubstanzen auf das Medium aufgebracht wurden. Nach den Messungen wurden Kalibrierkurven erstellt und mit denen der Einzelsubstanzen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass das Nährmedium drei verschiedene Einflüsse auf die Substanzen aufweist, nämlich: Verstärkung (113 - 2220 %), Unterdrückung (50 %) und Einheitlichkeit. Conclusio: die Matrixeinflüsse müssen vor der Quantifizierung im Detail untersucht werden.*****The analysis of 28 volatile organic compounds (VOC) occurring in plants and fungi was reported in this master thesis. The analytical technique used was gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). The analytes were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) from the headspace (HS). The experimentally determined mass spectra and the calculated retention indices were used to build an in-house database. The database entries were equipped with physical information e.g. boiling and melting point and formula mass. For the evaluation of method characteristics the determination of the linear concentration range of seven selected substances, each representing a structural group, was necessary for the further external calibration. The matrix effects of the standard mixture and the cultivation medium had to be investigated. For the matrix effects of the standard mixture, the seven substances were combined into one standard mixture and were measured in seven dilutions. Afterwards, the established calibration curves of the single standards were compared to those standards in the standard mixture. Results showed that the relative response of the single standards was much higher than in the standard mixture i.e. that the substances affected each other in a negative way. For a more detailed investigation of the matrix effects occurring from the single substances, 21 binary mixtures of the seven substances were measured. Results showed that e.g. 3-octanone had a negative (17 - 82 %) and furan-2-ethyl had a positive (51 - 849 %) effect on the other substances in the mixture. Matrix effects occurring from the cultivation medium, were tested by applying single standard solutions on the PDA medium. After the measurements calibration cu??P????arte???P???????? can be started.

Plant Volatile Analysis

Plant Volatile Analysis PDF Author: Hans F. Linskens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662033313
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280

Book Description
Modern Methods of Plant Analysis When the handbook Modern Methods ofPlant Analysis, was first introduced in 1954, the considerations were: 1. the dependence of scientific progress in biologyon the improvement of existing and the introduction of new methods; 2. the difficulty in finding many new analytical methods in specialized journals which are normally not accessible to experimental plant biologists; 3. the fact that in the methods sections of papers the description of methods is frequently so compact, or even sometimes so incomplete, that it is difficult to reproduce experiments. These considerations still stand today. The series was highly successful, seven volumes appearing between 1956 and 1964. Since there is still today a demand for the old series, the publisher has decided to resume publication of Modern Methods ofPlant Analysis.It is hoped that the NewSeries willbejust as acceptable to those working in plant sciences and related fields as the early volumes undoubtedlywere.It is difficult to single out the major reasons for the success of any publication, but we believe that the methods published in the first series were up-to-date at the time and presented in a waythat made description, as applied to plant material, complete in itselfwith little need to consult other publications. Contribution authors have attempted to follow these guidelines in this New Series of volumes. Editorial The earlier series of Modern Methods ofPlant Analysis was initiated by Michel V.

Analysis of Complex Volatile Organic Compound Mixtures Using Active SPME-GC-MS

Analysis of Complex Volatile Organic Compound Mixtures Using Active SPME-GC-MS PDF Author: Lord Famiyeh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53

Book Description
The ultimate goal of this research is to develop an efficient, reproducible and low cost method for analysis of VOCs in complex mixtures such as those in exhaled breath and in headspace of fungi cultures. In Chapter I; analytical methods for volatile biomarkers identification is reviewed. In Chapter II, active SPME GCMS was employed to analyze VOCs in the breath of a single healthy male and a single female. The goal was to determine the extent of intra-individual variations in the VOC profiles. In Chapter III, a preliminary study was carried out in a greenhouse to determine the pathogenicity of different isolates of M. phaseolina on soybeans. This will allow, in future studies, the matching of VOC profiles of different isolates of M. phaseolina with their relative pathogenicity. This is a key step towards the development of an early warning system for the detection of pathogenic M. phaseolina fungus contaminations.

Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography

Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography PDF Author: Walter Jennings
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323141056
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 481

Book Description
Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography deals with the application of glass capillary gas chromatography to qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. Topics range from gas chromatographic system requirements and retention indices to selective detectors, ancillary reactions, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This text is comprised of six chapters; the first of which provides an overview of the use of glass capillary gas chromatography in qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. The discussion then turns to gas chromatographic system requirements with respect to columns, inlets, detectors, and temperature control. The reader is also introduced to the Kovats retention index system, which utilizes a logarithmic scale to describe the retention behavior of a compound relative to that of the n-paraffin hydrocarbons. The use of selective detectors, such as thermal conductivity, flame ionization, nitrogen-phosphorus, electron capture, and photoionization detectors in qualitative analysis, is also considered. The final two chapters focus on ancillary reactions in glass capillary gas chromatography and general considerations in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including interfacing. This book is intended primarily for researchers involved in studies of the volatile constituents of fragrances, food, and natural products.

Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Volatiles Obtained by HS-SPME-GC-MS Technique from Stachys Lavandulifolia and Evaluation for Biological Activity: A Review

Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Volatiles Obtained by HS-SPME-GC-MS Technique from Stachys Lavandulifolia and Evaluation for Biological Activity: A Review PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Book Description


Progress in Volatile Organic Compounds Research

Progress in Volatile Organic Compounds Research PDF Author: Igor Jerković
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039288717
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228

Book Description
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been intensively investigated in the last few decades. Their origins differ: plant secondary metabolites, food/beverages aromas, fungal/bacterial volatiles, and others. VOCs typically occur as complex mixtures of compounds (e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, norisoprenoids, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, sulfur containing compounds, and others). They form through different biochemical pathways and can be modified or created during drying or maturation, thermal treatment, and others. Different conventional or modern methods of VOCs isolation, followed by the analysis with chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, usually provide different chemical profiles and have been under constant modification and upgrading. The ecological interactions are mediated by VOCs (inter- and intra-organismic communication) and they can act as pheromones, attractants, or alleochemicals. Among them, chemical biomarkers of botanical origin or chemotaxonomic markers may be found. Many VOCs possess different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and other activities. VOCs research from different sources is required to report their distribution and chemical profiles, and to discover new compounds. This Special Issue aims to attract up-to-date contributions on all aspects of VOCs chemistry, from challenges in their isolation to analysis, and on unlocking their biological activities or other useful properties

Practical Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Materials

Practical Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Materials PDF Author: Kevin Goodner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119975212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 186

Book Description
Modern flavours and fragrances are complex formulated products containing blends of aroma compounds with auxiliary materials, enabling desirable flavours or fragrances to be added to a huge range of products. The flavour and fragrance industry is a key part of the worldwide specialty chemicals industry, yet most technical recruits have minimal exposure to flavours and fragrances before recruitment. The analytical chemistry of flavour and fragrance materials presents specific challenges to the analytical chemist, as most of the chemicals involved are highly volatile, present in very small amounts and in complex mixtures. Analytical Methods for Flavor and Fragrance Materials covers the most important methods in the analysis of flavour and fragrance materials, including traditional and newly emerging methodologies. It discusses the capabilities of the various analytical methods for flavour and fragrance analysis and guides the newcomer to the most appropriate techniques for specific analytical problems.

Analysis of Volatiles

Analysis of Volatiles PDF Author: Peter Schreier
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110855941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 485

Book Description


Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction

Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction PDF Author: Janusz Pawliszyn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123914493
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497

Book Description
The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. - Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps - Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process - Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner

Solid Phase Microextraction

Solid Phase Microextraction PDF Author: Gangfeng Ouyang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 366253598X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313

Book Description
This book offers comprehensive information on the developments and applications of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The first part of the book briefly introduces readers to the fundamentals of SPME, while subsequent sections describe the applications of SPME technique in detail, including environmental analysis (air, water, soil/sediments), food analysis (volatile/nonvolatile compounds), and bioanalysis (plants, animal tissues, body fluids). The advantages and future challenges of the SPME technique are also discussed. Including recent research advances and further developments of SPME, the book offers a practical reference guide and a valuable resource for researchers and users of SPME techniques. The target audience includes analytical chemists, environmental scientists, biological scientists, material scientists, and analysts, as well as students at universities/institutes in related fields. Dr. Gangfeng Ouyang is a Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Dr. Ruifen Jiang is an Associate Professor at the School of Environment, Jinan University, China.