Author: Benita SchmidtPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Detection and Characterisation of Nanoparticles Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Author: Benita SchmidtAnalysis and Characterisation of Metal-Based Nanomaterials
Author: Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323853064
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 454
Book Description
Analysis and Characterisation of Metal-Based Nanomaterials, Volume 93 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, introduces recent developments in analytical methodologies for detection, characterization and quantification of metal-based nanomaterials and their applications to a variety of complex environmental, biological and food samples as well as different consumer products. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is highlighted as a powerful analytical tool for number-based concentration and size distribution, also from the metrological viewpoint. An emerging approach for the measurement of multi-metal nanoparticles by single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry is discussed. Imaging of metal-based nanoparticles by hyphenated inductively coupled plasma-based techniques is also introduced. The potential of different liquid chromatography and field flow fractionation separation techniques hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is emphasized as a powerful tool in particular for complex matrices and small particles sizes. The use of different microscopic techniques for the characterization of metal-based nanoparticles and characterization of metal-based nanoparticles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are presented. Moreover, occurrence, behaviour and fate of inorganic nanoparticles in the environment is overviewed. Finally, the need for quality control standards and reference nano-materials is emphasized throughout. Presents recent developments in analytical methodologies based on mass spectrometry, light scattering and microscopic techniques for detection, characterization and quantification of metal-based nanomaterials Describes applications of the nanoparticle analysis in a variety of complex environmental, biological and food samples as well as different consumer products Provides the metrological aspects for the analysis of metal-based nanoparticles when using emerging techniques such as single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Characterization of Nanoparticle Suspensions Using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Author: Characterization of Nanomaterials Using Field Flow Fractionation and Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (FF-ICP-MS and SP-ICP-MS)
Author: Anthony J. BednarPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Field-flow fractionation
Languages : en
Pages : 37
Book Description
Detection and Characterization of Nanoparticles Released from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants and Paints Using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Author: Arshath Abdul RahimPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
"Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are being used extensively in a variety of industrial and consumer products due to their high specific surface area. A significant fraction of these ENPs used in products enter municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and get eventually discharged to the environment primarily with waste sludge from settling tanks and to a smaller extent with effluent waters. However, due to the limited quantitative data available on ENPs in wastewater (WW) effluent, sludge and biosolids, assessment of environmental risks and bio-uptake of ENPs is difficult. The overall objective of this thesis is to give a better understanding of the release of NPs from paints and presents newly developed techniques to detect and measure NPs in one of the major environmental sinks (WWTPs).The first objective of this study involved the development and optimization of methods to detect the size, particle size distribution and concentration of metal (Ag and Cu) ENPs in sludge and biosolids through the application of various extraction procedures and the subsequent analysis of aqueous extracts by single particle mode in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). ENPs in aqueous extracts of biosolids were detected with an approximate mean size ranging from 16.0 ± 0.2 to 41.3 ± 0.5 nm for Ag, and 42.9 ± 0.3 to 142.8 ± 1.8 nm Cu with a concentration in the range of 107 to 1010 NPs/g of dry weight from 11 municipal WWTPs across Canada. The second objective of this thesis focused on the detection and the characterization of nAg and nCu using spICP-MS in WW effluent samples, by using sequential cycles of centrifugal ultrafiltration (CUF) to concentrate NPs into a smaller volume to improve detectability. WW effluent from 9 different Canadian municipal WWTPs were analysed for nAg and nCu using spICP-MS. Concentration of nCu varied from 0.1 ng/L to 12 ng/L (68.0 ± 0.3 nm ) and nAg ranged from 0.08 to 0.43 ng/L (19.3 ± 0.1 to 34.7 ± 7.2 nm) depending on the WWTP effluent .These measured concentrations of NPs in WW effluent are 103 to 107 folds lower than in WW biosolids. The third objective was to quantify the fraction of Ag released as ENPs or as dissolved species from painted surfaces over time due to contact with different pH solutions and/or direct exposure to sunlight; and to compare the colloidal stability and bacterial toxicity of the pristine nAg and released nAg from painted surface embedded in the paint matrix. The results showed that the release of nAg at acidic pH was 10-folds higher than with neutral pH and 5.6-folds higher than at basic pH. nAg released with acid pH was smaller in size, with mean diameter of 37.1 ± 2.1 nm compared to 64.6 ± 4.3 nm with neutral pH. The paint-released nAg was significantly more colloidally stable, resistant to dissolution and toxic compared to pristine nAg, at neutral pH. The fourth objective was to quantify the fraction of nTiO2 released from painted surfaces over time due to contact with different pH solutions and/or direct exposure to sunlight; and to compare the colloidal stability and bacterial toxicity of the pristine nTiO2 and released nTiO2 from painted surface embedded in the paint matrix. The release of nTiO2 from painted surface and its aggregation state differed depending on the pH conditions. Nano-enabled commercial paint with nTiO2 released lesser NPs (similar to custom made nTiO2) compared to other commercials paints with mixture nano-, micron- and larger particles of TiO2. nTiO2 released from painted surface behaved differently in stability, particle size distribution and toxicity compared to pristine nTiO2"--
Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples
Author: Damia BarceloPublisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444563288
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 382
Book Description
The application of nanotechnology in different consumer products has delivered new products with highly desirable properties, but at same time has opened a new window for a wide group of emerging contaminants and a new type of human exposure which needs to be assessed. Most of the current human toxicological information on nanomaterials comes from nano-sized particles in air, and their effects via inhalation. Other routes of human exposure, such as water and food, and the effects on human health and the environment have been less studied. It is the recent research in these areas that is highlighted here in one of the first books covering the analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and the environment, with both matrices being of considerable interest. In addition to providing a global summary of recent research, this book shows how widely used chromatographic and spectroscopic methods can be added to the analytical arsenal of microscopic techniques that have commonly been used to characterize nanomaterials. Describes the analytical techniques used to characterize nanomaterials and their applications in environmental or food samples Includes analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and environmental matrices Takes a detailed look at the research on emerging fields of human exposure to nanomaterials and their environmental risks
Microbial Nanobionics
Author: Ram PrasadPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030165345
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
Microbial Nanobionics: Volume 2, Basic Research Applications continues the important discussion of microbial nanoparticle synthesis with a focus on the mechanistic approach of biosynthesis towards nanobionics. This volume also explores the toxicity of nanomaterials in microbes and their effect on human health and the environment. Special Emphasis is given to the use of polymeric nanomaterials in smart packing for the food industry and agricultural sector. The future of nanomaterials for detection of soil microbes and their interactions and tools for environmental remedies is also comprehensively covered. The rich biodiversity of microbes make them excellent candidates for potential nanoparticle synthesis biofactories. Through a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the microbial biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, the rate of synthesis can be better developed and the monodispersity of the product can be enhanced. The characteristics of nanoparticles can be controlled via optimization of important parameters, such as temperature, pH, concentration and pressure, which regulate microbe growth conditions and cellular and enzymatic activities. Large scale microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a sustainable method due to the non-hazardous, non-toxic and economical nature of these processes. The applications of microbial synthesis of nanoparticles are wide and varied, spanning the industrial, biomedical and environmental fields. Biomedical applications include improved and more targeted antimicrobials, biosensing, imaging and drug delivery. In the environmental fields, nanoparticles are used for bioremediation of diverse contaminants, water treatment, catalysis and production of clean energy. With the expected growth of microbial nanotechnology, this volume will serve as a comprehensive and timely reference.
Nanotechnologies
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nanoparticles
Languages : en
Pages : 19
Book Description
"This document specifies a method for the detection of nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions and characterization of the particle number and particle mass concentration and the number-based size distribution using ICP-MS in a time-resolved mode to determine the mass of individual nanoparticles and ionic concentrations. The method is applicable for the determination of the size of inorganic nanoparticles (e.g. metal and metal oxides like Au, Ag, TiO2, BVO4, etc.), with size ranges of 10 nm to 100 nm (and larger particles up to 1 000 nm to 2 000 nm) in aqueous suspensions. Metal compounds other than oxides (e.g. sulfides, etc.), metal composites or coated particles with a metal core can be determined if the chemical composition and density are known. Particle number concentrations that can be determined in aqueous suspensions range from 106 particles/L to 109 particles/L which corresponds to mass concentrations in the range of approximately 1 ng/L to 1 000 ng/L (for 60 nm Au particles). Actual numbers depend on the type of mass spectrometer used and the type of nanoparticle analysed. In addition to the particle concentrations, ionic concentrations in the suspension can also be determined. Limits of detection are comparable with standard ICP-MS measurements. Note that nanoparticles with sizes smaller than the particle size detection limit of the spICP-MS method may be quantified as ionic. The method proposed in this document is not applicable for the detection and characterization of organic or carbon-based nanoparticles like encapsulates, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNT). In addition, it is not applicable for elements other than carbon and that are difficult to determine with ICP-MS. Reference [5] gives an overview of elements that can be detected and the minimum particle sizes that can be determined with spICP-MS." -- Page 1.
Single Particle-inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry Technology Development for Metallic Nanoparticle Characterization in Complex Matrices
Author: Yongbo DanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Book Description
"As the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment is inevitable. After entering the real environment, ENPs tend to react with different components of the ecosystem (e.g. water, soil, air, plants) and make their characterization difficult. Analyzing ENPs in these complex matrices still remains as a grand challenge. ENPs characterization is normally the first step of risk assessment. Current analytical techniques have shown some limitations in revealing the unique characteristics of ENPs in complex matrices and reliable analytical techniques are in urgent need. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is an emerging technique capable of determining the ENPs particle size, particle concentration and dissolved analyte concentration and has the potential to fill the analytical gap. In the presented dissertation, several SP-ICP-MS methods were developed and validated to determine the ENPs particle size, size distribution, particle concentration, and dissolved analyte concentration in complex matrices, such as sunscreens and plant tissues. An enzymatic digestion method was also developed to extract ENPs within plant tissues without causing particle dissolution for subsequent SP-ICP-MS quantification. Utilizing enzymatic digestion-SP-ICP-MS, the presence of dissolved cerium in plant shoots exposed to CeO2 NPs hydroponically was confirmed for the first time. Our results also suggest that CeO2 NPs might be taken up by plant roots as ionic cerium. Collectively, SP-ICP-MS has shown great advantages over other techniques, such as high sensitivity, tolerance of complex matrices, high throughput, and informative results (particle size, size distribution, particle concentration, and dissolved analyte concentration)"--Abstract, page iv.
Nanoparticle Characterization, Fundamental Studies and Computer Simulations of Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Author: Patrick John GrayPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
The chemical resolution of Sr from Rb was studied using SF6 reaction gas, which produced numerous unwanted byproducts. The byproducts were successfully rejected by operating the DRC as a low resolution mass filter.