Detailed Study of the Reaction Mechanism of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal with Particular Emphasis on Western Canadian Low Rank Coals, Phase II. PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
Western Canada contains abundant quantities of low sulfur, low to medium rank coals, representing a good potential for sales to Eastern and overseas markets, particularly for power plants. For most of these coals, their only drawback is their tendency to spontaneous combustion, especially for those coals which have undergone a preliminary drying treatment before shipment. This report continues work begun in October 1983 and includes an update on this work. The major part of the report deals with studies on the progressive drying of 6 selected Alberta coal samples (3 high volatile bituminous and 3 subbituminous) and their adiabatic response to the passage of a controlled humidity flowing gas. Changes in porosity, free radicals and peroxides were measured on samples to examine the effect of this drying and subsequent moist air treatment to see if any correlation could be made between these parameters.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
Western Canada contains abundant quantities of low sulfur, low to medium rank coals, representing a good potential for sales to Eastern and overseas markets, particularly for power plants. For most of these coals, their only drawback is their tendency to spontaneous combustion, especially for those coals which have undergone a preliminary drying treatment before shipment. This report continues work begun in October 1983 and includes an update on this work. The major part of the report deals with studies on the progressive drying of 6 selected Alberta coal samples (3 high volatile bituminous and 3 subbituminous) and their adiabatic response to the passage of a controlled humidity flowing gas. Changes in porosity, free radicals and peroxides were measured on samples to examine the effect of this drying and subsequent moist air treatment to see if any correlation could be made between these parameters.
Author: Mary MacDonald Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134051263 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
The negative environmental impacts of energy use, particularly soil and water pollution, continue to present serious policy dilemmas. The release of emissions and effluents and the build-up of solid waste throughout the fuel cycle have disruptive effects on natural habitats and human health. Further, fuel combustion can result in the emission of carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and nitrogen dioxide the 'greenhouse gases' which have been linked to climate change. The safe and sustainable use of energy has become an important issue in the wider environmental debate. In this report, researchers from the Stockholm Environment Institute explore the issues raised by the use of low-grade fuels such as peat, wood, biomass, lignite, oil shale and municipal and industrial wastes. The present strategies and policy options for all stages of the process, from mining and transport to processing and combustion. With those who would like to learn more about these fuels in mind, the material is presented clearly, and discussions of environmental protection measures are given in table form throughout the ease of reference. A directory of environmental guidelines, regulations and standards is given in an appendix. While a high calorific value fuels remain the most significant source of energy in many countries, economic and other constraints on the use of these fuels may result in more nations turning to low-grade sources of energy to operate their industrial or transportation sectors. The greater potential for environmental degradation that accompanies the use of low-grade fuels means that it is crucial that environmentally sound methods for their management, such as those presented here, be more widely available. The Environmental Management of Low-Grade Fuels will be valuable for industry specialists, policy makers, students and all who are concerned with the life cycle of these materials. Mary MacDonald is an affiliated scientist, and Michael Chadwick is a former director, at the Stockholm Environment Institute. Garegin Aslanian is a senior associate with the Institute for High Temperature Research in Moscow. Originally published in 1996
Author: Xinyang Wang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030336913 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This book aims to understand, analyze and mitigate the harmful impacts of spontaneous coal combustion in underground mines, a thermal phenomenon that triggers fires and explosions threatening the safety of mine workers globally. Based on experimental and theoretical research findings, the book emphasizes three essential questions that are fundamental to understand spontaneous coal combustion: What are the root causes? How to evaluate the causative factors to determine the activity of coal? and How to bring this issue under control in real longwall panel? Readers are introduced to experimental techniques applied to investigate the basic molecular structure of coal and evaluate chemical properties that induce self-heating behavior, theoretical analyses to predict the extrinsic effect on low temperature oxidation of coal in experimental scale and full-size longwall panel, and preventive measures to mitigate this issue using methods for retardant screening, numerical simulations for optimal grouting and nitrogen injections, and case studies analyzing thermal events using mine atmosphere gas monitoring data. The book will be of interest to students and researchers studying mining engineering and chemistry, as well as engineers and practitioners involved in coal mine development and risk assessment.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Spontaneous combustion has always been a problem in coal utilization especially in the storage and transportation of coal. In the United States, approximately 11% of underground coal mine fires are attributed to spontaneous coal combustion. The incidence of such fires is expected to increase with increased consumption of lower rank coals. The cause is usually suspected to be the reabsorption of moisture and oxidation. To understand the mechanisms of spontaneous combustion this study was conducted to (1) define the initial and final products during the low temperature (10 to 60 C) oxidation of coal at different partial pressures of O2, (2) determine the rate of oxidation, and (3) measure the reaction enthalpy. The reaction rate (R) and propensity towards spontaneous combustion were evaluated in terms of the initial rate method for the mass gained due to adsorbed O2. Equipment that was used consisted of a FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer, Perkin Elmer), an accelerated surface area porosimeter (ASAP, Micromeritics model 2010), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA, Cahn Microbalance TG 121) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, Q1000, thermal analysis instruments). Their combination yielded data that established a relation between adsorption of oxygen and reaction enthalpy. The head space/ gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer system (HS/GC/MS) was used to identify volatiles evolved during oxidation. The coal samples used were Beulah lignite and Wyodak (sub-bituminous). Oxygen (O2) absorption rates ranged from 0.202 mg O2/mg coal hr for coal sample No. 20 (Beulah pyrolyzed at 300 C) to 6.05 mg O2/mg coal hr for coal sample No. 8 (wyodak aged and pyrolyzed at 300 C). Aging of coal followed by pyrolysis was observed to contribute to higher reaction rates. Reaction enthalpies ranged from 0.42 to 1580 kcal/gm/mol O2.
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Author: Amitabha Majumdar
Author: Mary MacDonald
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Author: Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology
Author: Alex C. Smith
Author: Ann G. Kim
Author: Alex C. Smith
Author: Xinyang Wang
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