Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids PDF Download

Author: Tamal Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128014903
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Book Description
Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil using Ionic Liquids: Experiments and Quantum Chemical Predictions discusses how quantum chemical calculations are applied to investigate the fundamental nature of the IL-sulphur-nitrogen systems at atomic and molecular levels. The book will help readers understand the nature of the structural relationship between molecules such as ionic liquid + aromatic sulphur + aromatic nitrogen system(s). In addition, COSMO-RS (Conductor Like Screening Model for Real Solvents) predictions and subsequent experimentation are discussed to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids for desulphurization and denitrification of diesel oil. - Provides current research on green solvents, such as ionic liquids, used in desulphurization and denitrification of fuels - Discusses the COSMO-RS model in predicting the properties of ionic liquids to aid in the design of separation processes - Includes real-world applications of desulphurization and denitrification using ionic liquids

Author: Mohd Rafiqul Zarin Ramli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionic solutions
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Book Description
Diesel is a multi-purpose petroleum fuel used in all kinds of vehicles. But remains one of the largest source of fine particle air pollution, which has serious health impacts. Depending on the crude oil used and the refinery configurations, sulphur levels in diesel range from below 10 ppm to as high as 1000 ppm. In fact, Europe, United States, and Japan have all put in place measures to reduce sulphur to lower levels which is below 10 ppm to 15 ppm, often along with emission standards that require advanced emission control technologies that cannot be used with higher sulphur fuels. By March of 2008, there are many countries that have switched to diesel fuel with 500 ppm or less such as Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand including our country, Malaysia. There are various methods applied in industry to obtain low-sulphur fuels such as hydrocracking processes. But, the sulphur removal using ionic liquids are gaining wide recognition as potential environmental solvents due to their very low vapour pressure, their thermal and chemical stability, their ability to act as a catalyst, and their non-flammability and non-corrosive properties. The procedures include with three sub-process which first (ILs) is analyse with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The liquid was placed on a Germanium (Ge) plate by using a dropper and the test is run until a constant reading is visible. It is then followed by a wavelength classification by referring it to a table of characteristic IR absorptions. From the classification, it was found that there is a trace of functional groups consists of amines, amides, aromatics and alkyl halides. The lower frequency, 874.55 cm-1 and 777.29 cm-1 have functional group of aromatics with bond C-H "oop". The highest frequency with 3421.96 cm-1 has functional group of 1o, 2o amines or amides with bond N-H Stretch. Besides, there are also components with functional group of aliphatic amines with bond C-N Stretch at frequency 1044.97 cm-1 and 1104.56 cm-1 respectively. Other than that, there is functional group of alkyl halides with bond C-H wag (CH2X) at frequency 1179.15 cm-1. Secondly, the ionic liquid was undergone a CHNOS testing to check the percentage of carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S) that presented within ionic liquids. The ionic liquid was sent to University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Central Laboratory to obtain the results. Based on the result obtained, the (ILs) consists of Nitrogen by 11.37%, Carbon by 15.84%, Hydrogen by 6.729%, Sulphur by 11.185% and rest of the composition is for Oxygen by 15.84%. The result will be compared theoretically with the structure formula of (ILs).

Author: Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionic solutions
Languages : en
Pages : 66

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Sulfur is the most abundant element found in crude oil. This paper contains the study on desulfurization of model oil by extraction with Pyridinium-based ionic liquids. The objective of the project is to determine the sulfur compound, dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal efficiency of pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethylpyridinium ethylsulfate, (EpyESO4) from model oil. In order to characterize the Pyridinium-based ionic liquids, the characterization process of [EpyESO4] was conducted by using fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyzer. Lab testing on desulfurization has been done by using different concentration of DBT (100ppm and 1000ppm) at 10 minutes of extraction time. The efficiency of the removal process has been determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the result, [EpyESO4] shows high efficiency in remove aromatic sulfur compound (DBT) at low concentration of sulfur content. The percentage sulfur removal from the model oil for 100ppm and 1000ppm were, 97.68% and 26.68% respectively. By considering these results, [EpyESO4] might be used as promising solvents for the extractive desulfurization of diesel.

Author: Elaheh Kowsari
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789535109372
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Kenneth R. Seddon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118435001
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description
Ionic Liquids UnCOILed presents decisively important reviews on new processes and recent developments in ionic liquid technology with an emphasis on commercial applications in which ionic liquids are replacing, or may replace, processes currently using conventional solvents. Ranging from applied to theoretical, synthetic to analytical, and biotechnological to electrochemical, the book features eleven chapters written by an international group of key academic and industrial chemists, exercising the judicious evaluation which they are uniquely qualified to do. This book is a must for R&D chemists in industrial, governmental and academic laboratories, and for commercial developers of environmentally-friendly, sustainable processes.

Author: Hanan M. Ashoshan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443192227
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 4 titled Natural Gas Dehydration introduces in detail different natural gas dehydration methods. The book covers absorption with different solvents such as glycols, ionic liquids, and DES which is one of the important dehydration techniques, as well as natural gas dehydration with adsorption-based technologies utilizing various materials including zeolites, carbonaceous sorbents, metal oxides, etc. It discusses in detail membrane-based processes with various types (such as hollow-fiber, polymeric, zeolite membranes) and includes novel technologies for sweetening natural gas by using direct cooling and compression, supersonic technology and micro-reactors. - Introduces natural gas dehydration concepts and challenges - Describes various absorption and adsorption processes for natural gas dehydration - Discusses novel methods for natural gas dehydration including membrane and supersonic technologies

Author: Md Amin Hashim
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9812875050
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 403

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This book includes selected papers from the ICGSCE 2014 with focus on the current trends of global resources used to meet the growing demands to improve life style coupled with environmental and social problems related to the resource consumption with emphasize to move towards sustainable development. It provides a platform for scientists and academicians from local and international universities and industries to promote, share and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of Chemical Engineering with respect to global sustainability. Under the sustainability umbrella the topics covered are; alternative energy sources, alternative feedstock for energy and chemicals, alternative raw materials for household commodity, green process with minimal environmental impact, process intensification, waste minimization, recycling of wastes and providing quality water, food and medicines. Other topics covered include: 1. Oil and gas, Biofuel, Fuel cell, Renewable energy 2. Green technology, Sustainability, Environmental, Carbon sequestration, Carbon footprint, Natural resources 3. Chemical processes, Separation technology, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Food technology, Particle technology, Corrosion, Pharmaceutical, Phytochemical, Oleochemical 4. Process modeling, Process Simulation, Process control 5. Advanced material, Polymer, Catalyst, Enzyme 6. Policy, Regulations, Strategy and implementation, Safety, Management of science, Engineering education 7. Process Safety and Loss Prevention, Environmental and chemical risk assessment, Transportation risk analysis, Inherent safety.

Author: Al-Megren, Hamid
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466699760
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556

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