Desulfurization of Fuel Oils: Mutual Solubility of Ionic Liquids and Fuel Oil PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Hanan M. Ashoshan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Ogheneruemu Osirim
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334697247X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 28

View

Book Description
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: A, , course: Directed Studies, language: English, abstract: This study focuses on the removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels specifically gasoline and diesel fuels. The paper centers on the urgency and effect of environmental regulations due to health and global warming concerns on the emerging methods of achieving ultralow sulfur fuels (ULSF). The traditional hydrodesulphurization process is reviewed and its limitations to achieving ULSF is highlighted. The effect and challenge in achieving ULSF such as change in octane and cetane numbers and the reduced quality of the fuels were also foregrounded. Alternative methods for improved desulfurization process including Biodesulfurization and adsorption desulfurization were examined. Current works by researchers on the methods and processes of achieving ULSF were also investigated. Desulfurization is the process or processes used to remove or reduce the sulfur content of natural gas and other refined petroleum products such as diesel and gasoline. Sulfur is a non-metallic chemical element which is yellow in color and solid at room temperature. It is abundant in nature and is usually found in elemental form and also occurs as a sulfide or sulfate mineral. Sulfur can be used for many productive processes such in the manufacture of fertilizers and insecticides and it is an essential element for all living organism. Despite its usefulness, sulfur when exposed in a certain form to the environment can lead to environmental, material and health damage. One of the major sources of sulfur today is the petroleum industry where sulfur occurs as thiols, thiophenes, organic sulfides and disulfides. They occur in several refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, coal, and fuel oils. They constitute as contaminants and therefore are undesirable constituents in the oil and gas industry. In the petroleum industry sulfur is a process contaminant as it deactivates some catalyst during the refining process and causes the corrosion of pumping, pipeline, and refining equipment. Sulfur compounds left in fuels also lead to massive emissions of sulfur gases which not only have environmental impacts but health and material effects as well. When sulfur gases are emitted, they react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and sulfates which turns to acid rain. Acid rain and sulfates cause damage to buildings, automotive painting, they acidify the soil which leads to deforestation and eventually damage to some ecosystem.

Author: Al-Megren, Hamid
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466699760
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556

View

Book Description
###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

Author: Wan Mohd Syazwan Wan Abdullah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionic solutions
Languages : en
Pages : 82

View

Book Description
Now a day, because of the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur oxides contained in engines emissions, sulfur content specification in fuels are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. In the petroleum refining industry, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the conventional process to reduce the sulfur levels of the fuels. However, HDS is cost consuming, besides requiring high temperature and high hydrogen pressure in order to eliminate the aliphatic and alicyclic sulfur compounds. Refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), methyl dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-methyl dibenzothiophene are less reactive to this process. Due to this reason, alternative sulfur removal techniques are being explored. In the past years, due to its unique properties both as extractant and also as catalyst, ionic liquids have gained increasing interest. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4], has been study in this work. These ionic liquids were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ionic liquids were then screened for sulfur removal from model oil (dodecane). The sulfur containing compound used in preparing the model oil, were DBT with different concentration, 250ppm, 500ppm, 750ppm, 1000ppm, and 2000ppm. In 2000ppm of DBT, contain of 348.04ppm of sulphur. The mixture was heated in the water bath at 30 oC with a 185 rpm stirring for 30 minutes. The mass ratio of ILs to model oil was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5. To analyze the model oil that contain of ILs by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From this experiment, it show that the higher efficiency of removal sulphur by using 1:1 volume ratio at 750ppm of DBT which is 56% removal...

Author: Suojiang Zhang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642386199
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 201

View

Book Description
Structures, Bonding and Hydrogen Bonds, by Kun Dong, Qian Wang, Xingmei Lu, Suojiang Zhang Aggregation in System of Ionic Liquids, by Jianji Wang, Huiyong Wang Dissolution of Biomass Using Ionic Liquids, by Hui Wang, Gabriela Gurau, Robin D. Rogers Effect of the Structures of Ionic Liquids on Their Physical-Chemical Properties, by Yu-Feng Hu, Xiao-Ming Peng Microstructure study of Ionic liquids by spectroscopy, by Haoran Li Structures and Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids, by Tiancheng Mu, Buxing Han

Author: Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionic solutions
Languages : en
Pages : 66

View

Book Description
Sulfur is the most abundant element found in crude oil. This paper contains the study on desulfurization of model oil by extraction with Pyridinium-based ionic liquids. The objective of the project is to determine the sulfur compound, dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal efficiency of pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethylpyridinium ethylsulfate, (EpyESO4) from model oil. In order to characterize the Pyridinium-based ionic liquids, the characterization process of [EpyESO4] was conducted by using fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyzer. Lab testing on desulfurization has been done by using different concentration of DBT (100ppm and 1000ppm) at 10 minutes of extraction time. The efficiency of the removal process has been determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the result, [EpyESO4] shows high efficiency in remove aromatic sulfur compound (DBT) at low concentration of sulfur content. The percentage sulfur removal from the model oil for 100ppm and 1000ppm were, 97.68% and 26.68% respectively. By considering these results, [EpyESO4] might be used as promising solvents for the extractive desulfurization of diesel.

Author: Mihkel Koel
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420046470
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 448

View

Book Description
An Overview of a Rapidly Expanding Area in Chemistry Exploring the future in chemical analysis research, Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis focuses on materials that promise entirely new ways to perform solution chemistry. It provides a broad overview of the applications of ionic liquids in various areas of analytical chemistry, in

Author: Chris Hardacre
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782621326
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 634

View

Book Description
Although ionic liquids have only been studied in depth during the last decades, the field is now maturing to such a degree that the focus is on larger scale applications for use in real processes such as catalysis. Current information is scattered across the literature and Catalysis in Ionic Liquids provides a critical analysis of the research published to date on ionic solvents in all areas of the catalytic science. The book covers both catalyst synthesis using ionic liquids as solvents and green syntheses using both ionic liquids as well as mixtures of ionic liquids and carbon dioxide (as a subcritical and supercritical liquid), including enzymatic, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis and organocatalysis. As well as the catalysis community, the book will also be of interest to postgraduates, postdoctoral workers and researchers in academia and industry working in organic synthesis, new materials synthesis, renewable sources of energy and electrochemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, this is the reference source to find about catalysis in ionic liquids.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3

View

Book Description
The effect of desulfurization of light and heavy fuel oils on theCanadian oil refinery while maintaining 1979 product slates andall other product specifications was studied using a MHG refinerymodel. The annual reduction of sulfur of fuels caused by thepossible changes to low sulfur fuel specifications was evaluated.Capital investment and operating costs required to meet threedifferent levels of sulfur control were estimated for eachregion and for Canada.