Author: Carlos G. Juan Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030761797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive study covering the design and application of microwave sensors for glucose concentration detection, with a special focus on glucose concentration tracking in watery and biological solutions. This book is based on the idea that changes in the glucose concentration provoke variations in the dielectric permittivity of the medium. Sensors whose electrical response is sensitive to the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding media should be able to perform as glucose concentration trackers. At first, this book offers an in-depth study of the dielectric permittivity of water–glucose solutions at concentrations relevant for diabetes purposes; in turn, it presents guidelines for designing suitable microwave resonators, which are then tested in both water–glucose solutions and multi-component human blood plasma solutions for their detection ability and sensitivities. Finally, a portable version is developed and tested on a large number of individuals in a real clinical scenario. All in all, the book reports on a comprehensive study on glucose monitoring devices based on microwave sensors. It covers in depth the theoretical background, provides extensive design guidelines to maximize sensitivity, and validates a portable device for applications in clinical settings.
Author: Valery V. Tuchin Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781584889755 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 744
Book Description
Although noninvasive, continuous monitoring of glucose concentration in blood and tissues is one of the most challenging areas in medicine, a wide range of optical techniques has recently been designed to help develop robust noninvasive methods for glucose sensing. For the first time in book form, the Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues analyzes trends in noninvasive optical glucose sensing and discusses its impact on tissue optical properties. This handbook presents methods that improve the accuracy in glucose prediction based on infrared absorption spectroscopy, recent studies on the influence of acute hyperglycemia on cerebral blood flow, and the correlation between diabetes and the thermo-optical response of human skin. It examines skin glucose monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), fluorescence-based glucose biosensors, and a photonic crystal contact lens sensor. The contributors also explore problems of polarimetric glucose sensing in transparent and turbid tissues as well as offer a high-resolution optical technique for noninvasive, continuous, and accurate blood glucose monitoring and glucose diffusion measurement. Written by world-renowned experts in biomedical optics and biophotonics, this book gives a complete, state-of-the-art treatise on the design and applications of noninvasive optical methods and instruments for glucose sensing.
Author: Eric C. Green Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biosensors Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Diabetes is a disease that afflicts millions worldwide. To control the effects of this disease, diabetics must check their blood glucose levels on a regular basis. Currently, all daily glucose monitoring techniques are invasive, requiring a sample of blood. Microwave sensors are non-destructive and non-contact measuring devices, making them ideal for the measurement of parameters in industrial processes. Current uses of microwave sensors range from measuring moisture content of corn chips to measuring concentration of a solute in water. If a microwave sensor were developed to determine blood glucose concentration, it could be the first daily-use glucose-measuring technique that is truly non-invasive. This thesis provides background on diabetes and microwave measurement. From this background, a sensor is developed and its advantages are illustrated. The thesis concludes by making suggestions for improving the sensor and recommendations on how to implement the sensor into a useful product.
Author: Chris D. Geddes Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387330151 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
An essential reference for any laboratory working in the analytical fluorescence glucose sensing field. The increasing importance of these techniques is typified in one emerging area by developing non-invasive and continuous approaches for physiological glucose monitoring. This volume incorporates analytical fluorescence-based glucose sensing reviews, specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet appealing to a wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence.
Author: Melanie J. McClung Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biosensors Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
Non-invasive measuring techniques for determining biological parameters are more heavily researched with the growth of the biomedical industry. One of the top areas in non-invasive research deals with diabetes. This disease affects more than 20 million people in the United States, and there is an increasing desire to find a testing process that is non-invasive, easy to use, and safe for users. Microwave technology has improved greatly during recent years and is now seen more often in conjunction with biomedical research. Microwaves are capable of taking measurements of materials inside of a closed volume without the need to come into contact with the material. This makes them ideal for measuring biological parameters, specifically glucose concentrations in the blood. This thesis expands on the development of a microwave sensor to non-invasively measure blood glucose levels and will examine the possibility of developing a calibration for a device using the microwave sensor.
Author: Ali Mohammed Albishi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Affordable, sensitive, selective, fast-responding, label-free sensors are currently in high demand for many of today's applications and technologies, particularly in the food industry, bio-sensing applications, and quality control. In addition, modern technologies such as a lab-on-a-chip involve microfluidic analysis, which requires highly accurate and miniaturized sensing systems. These systems can be implemented in biomedical applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, as well as in environmental monitoring, agriculture, biotechnology, and public health and safety. A need, therefore, exists for highly accurate and reliable sensing systems that can meet the requirements of these applications. This dissertation presents electrically-small planar microwave resonators for the design of near-field sensors that can satisfy the needs of the aforementioned applications. This thesis proposes a number of novel concepts related to miniaturization and the enhancement of the sensitivity of electrically-small sensors. In the first part of the thesis, an analysis of the sensitivity of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) with respect to changes in resonator topology is presented. Eigenmode solvers, circuit models, numerical simulations, and laboratory measurements were all employed for the analysis. The results show that the resonance frequency is adjustable and scalable. The second part of the thesis proposed an ultrasensitive near-field sensor for detecting submillimeter cracks in metallic materials. Experimental measurements revealed that a surface crack of 200 um wide and 2 mm deep results in a 1.5 GHz shift in the resonance frequency. The results led to the idea of utilizing CSRRs for designing near-field sensors for crack detection in dielectric materials. The work was further extended to increase the sensitivity of planar CSRRs to detect the presence of dielectric materials. This concept is based on increasing the sensing areas per unit length and on the utilization of multiple, identical, and coupled resonators. Although the electromagnetic energy stored in electrically-small planar resonators is concentrated primarily in an electrically-small volume, most of that energy is located in the host substrate, thus limiting the sensitivity required for detecting changes in the material under test (MUT), which differs from the host substrate. For this reason, a sensor designed for enhancing the EM energy stored in the sensing volume that is exposed to the MUT is proposed. The design concept is based on the use of a three-dimensional capacitor. For validation purposes, a complementary electric-LC resonator (CELCR) and two metallic bars were utilized for designing the sensor for dielectric materials. Furthermore, by adopting the concept of three-dimensional capacitors, microwave sensors based on planar SRRs are introduced in order to 1) enhance the sensitivity, 2) allow for flexible tunability, and 3) create novel sensors for fluidic applications. For validation purposes, an SRR-based sensor was designed and tested using numerical simulation and experiments to detect fluid materials and fluid levels. The SRR with the three-dimensional capacitors was also utilized to design probes for the near-field scanning microscopy. An additional component of this research was, therefore, an exploration of the miniaturization of CELCR sensing areas so that these devices could be loaded with three-dimensional capacitors in order to design a sensitive near-field sensor for microscale-based technologies. The ability of the sensor to detect the presence of magnetic materials was also investigated numerically. For applications in which flatness or compactness is a relevant factor, enhancing sensitivity with the use of three-dimensional capacitors is not an ideal solution. Although classical planar antennas such as patch antennas are subject to a lack of EM energy localization in small areas, the adoption of the split concept, utilized in electrically-small resonators, can improve these antennas for use in designing near-field microwave sensors. This thesis proposed a planar microwave sensor based on an annular ring resonator loaded with a split, thus enabling it to operate at lower frequencies and to enhance the quality factors. The sensor was tested experimentally with respect to characterizing dielectric slabs and detecting the presence of fluidic materials. The last part of the thesis introduced the concept of an intelligent sensing technique based on the modulation of the frequency responses of near-field microwave sensors for the characterization of material parameters. The concept is based on the assumption that the physical parameters being extracted are uniform over the frequency range of the sensing system. The concept is derived from the observation of the sensor responses as multidimensional vectors over a wide frequency range. The dimensions are then considered as features for a neural network. The concept has been demonstrated experimentally for the detection of the concentration of a fluid material composed of two pure fluids.
Author: Serge Cosnier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9814411477 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy
Author: Brandon William Clarke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Blood sugar Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the development of noninvasive polarimetric glucose detection systems, salutary for the treatment of our rapidly increasing diabetic population. This area of research utilizes the aqueous humor as the detection medium for its strong correlation to blood glucose concentration and highlights three major features: the optical activity of glucose, minimal scattering of the medium, and the ability to detect sub-millidegree rotation in polarized light. However, many of the current polarimetric systems are faced with size and cost constraints based on the paramount optical components (e.g., terbium gallium garnet or terbium doped glass) and custom wound inductive coils. As a step toward developing a low cost hand-held design, a miniaturized integrated single-crystal Faraday modulator/compensator (IFMC) has been designed and optimized. This device is capable of replacing the traditional two component arrangement that has been widely reported on in many Faraday-based polarimetric configurations. In this work, an electromagnetic (EM) finite element model (FEM) was developed that can simulate various physical parameters such as geometry, inductance, and orientation of an IFMC with respect to the optical components in order to minimize power consumption and size while maintaining appropriate magnetic field strength. The newly designed prototype was compared with the FEM, providing excellent correlation with operational performance shown to be within 1.8% of predicted values. It was shown that the use of FEM simulations allows for the analysis of a vast range of parameters before prototypes are fabricated and can facilitate custom designs as related to development time, anticipated performance, and cost reduction. Furthermore, the performance of the IFMC was evaluated experimentally under both noninvasive static and dynamic glucose monitoring conditions with a custom designed glucose flow system. The dynamic flow system provides a repeatable and controllable testing environment which can recreate in vivo glucose profiles while reducing the need for repetitive, expensive, and time consuming animal experiments. Finally, it was shown that the combined rotator can achieve modulation depths above 1°, and when operating in a compensated closed-loop configuration, it had demonstrated glucose prediction errors of 1.8 mg/dL and 5.4 mg/dL under hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, respectively. These results demonstrate that such an integrated design can perform similar to, if not better than, its larger two-part predecessors. Overall, this technology is capable of expediting future research and development in providing a fully functional and commercially available noninvasive polarimetric glucose sensor.
Author: Carlos G. Juan
Author: Ferran Martín
Author: Valery V. Tuchin
Author: Eric C. Green
Author: Chris D. Geddes
Author: Melanie J. McClung
Author: Ali Mohammed Albishi
Author: Lisa Ellen Sambol
Author: Serge Cosnier
Author: Brandon William Clarke