Design of a Field Scale Project for Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of a DNAPL Contaminated Aquifer PDF Download

Author: Chrissi Lynn Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquifers
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309065496
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301

View

Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152

View

Book Description
During 1996 and 1997, five separate partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) were conducted as part of two separate surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) demonstrations targeting DNAPL (primarily TCE) at Operable Unit 2 (OU2), Hill Air Force Base, Utah. These PITTs were used as a DNAPL characterization tool to accurately determine: 1.) the total aquifer volume swept; 2.) the total amount of DNAPL present in the swept aquifer volume; and, 3.) the average residual saturation present. PITTs were conducted before and after each SEAR demonstration to provide remediation performance assessments and were hydraulically controlled without using sheetpile walls. The successful implementation of field-scale PITTs required an engineering design strategy using conventional characterization activities, laboratory studies, and UTCHEM modeling. The volume sampled by each PITT was on the order of an average of 6500 cu ft (14,000 gallon pore volume). Tracer recoveries ranged from 79% to 92%, indicating that, within experimental error, all of the injected tracers were recovered. The method of temporal moments was used to analyze each PITT, and the resulting DNAPL volume estimates were in close agreement with other measurements (e.g. SEAR DNAPL recoveries and core data estimates). Thus, in sandy alluvium, PITTs are very accurate estimators of DNAPL volumes, and provide an excellent characterization and performance assessment tool for DNAPL remediation efforts. Based on the success of these PITTs, the USAF is currently conducting large-scale PITTs to characterize the entire DNAPL source zone at OU2.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4

View

Book Description
Surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery involves the use of injected surfactants to increase the solubility and/or mobility of DNAPL in the subsurface to reduce the time and cost required for site remediation. The successful design of a surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery system requires a quantitative understanding of the competing processes of DNAPL solubilization and mobilization, and sorption, precipitation, and microbial degradation of injected surfactant components. An innovative new site-characterization technology, the single-well, push-pull test method, is currently under development at Oregon State University and has been successfully used in the field to determine a wide range of aquifer physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. A push-pull test consists of the controlled injection of a prepared test solution into a single monitoring well followed by the extraction of the test solution/groundwater mixture from the same well. The type, combination, and concentration of injected solutes is selected to investigate specific aquifer characteristics. The overall goal of this project is to further develop the single-well, push-pull test method as a new site characterization and feasibility assessment tool for studying the fundamental fate and transport behavior of injected surfactants and their ability to solubilize and mobilize DNAPLs in the subsurface. The specific objectives are: (1) to develop a modified push-pull test for use in identifying and quantifying the effects of sorption, precipitation, and biodegradation on the fate and transport of injected surfactants, (2) to use the developed test method to quantify the effects of these processes on the ability of injected surfactants to solubilize and mobilize residual phase trichloroethylene, and (3) to demonstrate the utility of the developed test method for performing site characterization and feasibility studies for surfactant enhanced DNAPL recovery systems.

Author: James A. Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306469286
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368

View

Book Description
As we transition into the 21st century, it is apparent that this is an exciting time for environmental engineers and scientists studying remediation technologies. There has been a rapid development of new ways to clean-up polluted groundwater. Research activities of the past and next 10 years will have a dramatic impact on the quality of the subsurface environment for the next century. In 20, or even 10 years from now, our approach to subsurface remediation will probably be vastly different than it is today. Many of the emerging technologies presented in this book will form the basis of standard remediation practices of the future. Physicochemical Groundwater Remediation presents detailed information on multiple emerging technologies for the remediation of the contaminated subsurface environment. All of these technologies apply our knowledge of physical and chemical processes to clean up ground water and the unsaturated zone, and many (if not all) of these emerging technologies will help define standard practices in the future. These technologies include in situ sorptive and reactive treatment walls, surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation, optimization analyses for remediation system design, chemical, electrochemical, and biochemical remediation processes, and monitored natural attenuation. You will learn how palladium catalyzes the dehalogenation of chlorinated solvents. You will find out how barometric pumping can naturally remove significant quantities of volatile organic pollutants from shallow ground water and the unsaturated zone. You can learn about mobilizing non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) without risking significant downward migration of the NAPL. You can find out how processes such as electroosmosis and electromigration can be exploited for groundwater remediation purposes and how zero-valent iron and zeolite treatment walls can be used in situ to treat and control contaminant plume migration. Contributors to this book are experts in groundwater remediation processes, and they represent industry, consulting, academia, and government. If your work involves the clean up of contaminated soil and groundwater, this book is an essential reference to keep you up to date on the most promising new developments in remediation research.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19

View

Book Description
The overall goal of this project is to further develop the single-well, ''push-pull'' test method as a site characterization and feasibility assessment tool for studying the fundamental fate and transport behavior of injected surfactants and their ability to solubilize and mobilize DNAPLs in the subsurface. To address the three objectives, the research plan combines controlled intermediate-scale laboratory experiments in unique physical aquifer models with a parallel series of pilot-scale field experiments in existing monitoring wells at selected trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated field sites.

Author: Nichole L. Case
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224

View

Book Description

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212

View

Book Description
Due to the limitations of conventional groundwater remediation technologies, innovative methods have been sought to enhance the removal of recalcitrant compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), which are frequently trapped in the subsurface as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) is one such method, which has been adapted from enhanced oil recovery techniques used by the petroleum industry. It involves sweeping a surfactant solution across the DNAPL-contaminated portion of the aquifer. The surfactants accomplish rapid removal of the DNAPL contaminant by greatly increasing its effective aqueous solubility and by reducing the interfacial tension between the DNAPL and water phases. In field demonstrations conducted to date, up to 99% removal efficiencies have been achieved with just three pore volumes of surfactant followed by water flooding. In a typical remediation scheme, surfactants are used to remediate DNAPL source areas and complement the use of other technologies, such as conventional pump- and -treat systems, for removing the dissolved-phase plumes that are associated with DNAPL source areas. Currently, simple options for remediating DNAPL source areas are limited. Residual DNAPL in an aquifer acts as a continual source of contamination to the groundwater, and site closure cannot be achieved unless the source is removed. This surfactant-based technology will be more cost-effective than conventional pump-and-treat systems and will provide for a more rapid site cleanup.

Author: David A. Sabatini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 320

View

Book Description
Provides a timely and thorough review of surfactant-based remediation technologies. Covers fundamental mechanistic studies to scale-up and process modeling and full-scale field implementation studies. Summarizes the technical, economic, and sociopolitical issues affecting widespread implementation of these technologies. Includes contributions from academic and industrial researchers as well as regulatory personnel.

Author: Donald F. Lowe
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849341175
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444

View

Book Description
A $19.3 million Department of Defense grant to Rice University funds the Advanced Applied Technology Demonstration Facility (AATDF). One of the project goals is the development of reduction strategies for nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface. Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation records the results of AATDF research. The manual is a guide to the practical application of surfactants/cosolvent for in situ remediation. It is targeted to decision makers and anyone concerned with the design or implementation of these technologies. The book discusses the situational viability of surfactants/cosolvents , the possible results, design, and operation. It includes case studies, step-by-step guidance, and project cost work sheets. The successful results of the AATDF research, as documented Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation, are an invaluable contribution to the future of subsurface remediation. Without source NAPL reduction, the alternative is decades of plume management through pump-and-treat.