Design Manual for Microgravity Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer PDF Download
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Author: Christopher J. Crowley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 143
Book Description
This report documents two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer methods for microgravity environments. The applications of the work are thermal management, propulsion, and fluid storage and transfer systems for spacecraft. In the near future, these systems will include two-phase, vapor-liquid flows. This Design Manual is intended for use by designers of these systems. Design methods are presented for predicting two-phase flow regimes and pressure drops in pipe flows from earth gravity to microgravity conditions. Forced convection boiling heat transfer methods for pipes with uniform heat flux are included. Also included are methods for analyzing high-vapor-shear condensation in pipes. The analysis methods are mechanistic; that is, based upon fundamental physical principles which should apply to heat transfer liquids with Pr approx = 1 and scale with pipe size and fluid properties. This Manual incorporates simplified methods (easy-to-use design charts), detailed descriptions of the analysis methods, comparisons with existing microgravity data, and recommended approaches to quantify the range of uncertainty in design calculations. Keywords: Fluid flow; Heat transfer; Space technology; Spacecraft components; Thermodynamics; Two phase flow. (jhd).
Author: Christopher J. Crowley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 143
Book Description
This report documents two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer methods for microgravity environments. The applications of the work are thermal management, propulsion, and fluid storage and transfer systems for spacecraft. In the near future, these systems will include two-phase, vapor-liquid flows. This Design Manual is intended for use by designers of these systems. Design methods are presented for predicting two-phase flow regimes and pressure drops in pipe flows from earth gravity to microgravity conditions. Forced convection boiling heat transfer methods for pipes with uniform heat flux are included. Also included are methods for analyzing high-vapor-shear condensation in pipes. The analysis methods are mechanistic; that is, based upon fundamental physical principles which should apply to heat transfer liquids with Pr approx = 1 and scale with pipe size and fluid properties. This Manual incorporates simplified methods (easy-to-use design charts), detailed descriptions of the analysis methods, comparisons with existing microgravity data, and recommended approaches to quantify the range of uncertainty in design calculations. Keywords: Fluid flow; Heat transfer; Space technology; Spacecraft components; Thermodynamics; Two phase flow. (jhd).
Author: Kamiel S. Gabriel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402051433 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Multiphase thermal systems have numerous applications in aerospace, heat-exchange, transport of contaminants in environmental systems, and energy transport and conversion systems. A reduced - or microgravity - environment provides an excellent tool for accurate study of the flow without the masking effects of gravity. This book presents for the first time a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of two-phase flow behaviour in the virtual absence of gravity.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781723536205 Category : Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
This report contains two independent sections. Part one is titled Terrestrial and Microgravity Pool Boiling Heat Transfer and Critical heat flux phenomenon in an acoustic standing wave. Terrestrial and microgravity pool boiling heat transfer experiments were performed in the presence of a standing acoustic wave from a platinum wire resistance heater using degassed FC-72 Fluorinert liquid. The sound wave was created by driving a half wavelength resonator at a frequency of 10.15 kHz. Microgravity conditions were created using the 2.1 second drop tower on the campus of Washington State University. Burnout of the heater wire, often encountered with heat flux controlled systems, was avoided by using a constant temperature controller to regulate the heater wire temperature. The amplitude of the acoustic standing wave was increased from 28 kPa to over 70 kPa and these pressure measurements were made using a hydrophone fabricated with a small piezoelectric ceramic. Cavitation incurred during experiments at higher acoustic amplitudes contributed to the vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer. The heater wire was positioned at three different locations within the acoustic field: the acoustic node, antinode, and halfway between these locations. Complete boiling curves are presented to show how the applied acoustic field enhanced boiling heat transfer and increased critical heat flux in microgravity and terrestrial environments. Video images provide information on the interaction between the vapor bubbles and the acoustic field. Part two is titled, Design and qualification of a microscale heater array for use in boiling heat transfer. This part is summarized herein. Boiling heat transfer is an efficient means of heat transfer because a large amount of heat can be removed from a surface using a relatively small temperature difference between the surface and the bulk liquid. However, the mechanisms that govern boiling heat transfer are not well understood. Measurements of wall te...
Author: Adam Michael Shephard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Flow regime transitions and the modeling thereof underlie the design of microgravity two-phase systems. Through the use of the zero-g laboratory, microgravity two-phase flows can be studied. Because microgravity two-phase flows exhibit essentially no accelerations (i.e. no buoyancy or gravitational forces), the effects of acceleration on two-phase flow can be decoupled from the effects of other fluid phenomenon. Two-phase systems on earth are understood mostly through empiricisms. Through microgravity two-phase research, a fundamental understanding of two-phase systems can be obtained and applied to both terrestrial systems in space applications. Physically based bubbly-bubbly/slug and bubbly/slug-slug flow regime transition models are introduced in this study. The physical nature of the models demonstrates a new understanding of the governing relationships between coalescence, turbulence, void fraction, boundary layer affects, and the inlet bubble size distribution. Significantly, the new models are dimensionless in addition to being physically derived. New and previous models are evaluated against zero-g data sets. Previous models are not accurate enough for design use. The new models proposed in this study are far more detailed than existing models and are within the precision necessary for most design purposes. Because of the limited data available, further experimental validation is necessary to formally vet the model. Zero-g data set qualification and flight experiment design have not been standardized and as a result, much of the data in the literature can be shown not to represent microgravity conditions. In this study, a set of zero-g quality criteria are developed and used to qualify the data sets available in the literature. The zero-g quality criteria include limitations on buoyancy forces relative to surface tension and inertial forces as well as requirements on acceleration monitoring and flow development length and time. The resulting evaluation of the data sets available in the literature unveils several experiment design shortfalls, which have resulted in data sets being misrepresented as zero-g data sets. The quality standards developed in this study should continue to be improved upon and used in the design of future zero-g fluid experiments. The use of one-g single-phase models in approximating zero-g two-phase experimental data was successfully performed in this study. Specifically the models for pressure drop, friction factor, wall shear, and velocity profile are demonstrated. It is recognized that the mixing apparatus will affect the flow regime transitions, specifically the distribution of bubble sizes that exit the mixing apparatus. Unfortunately, little-to-no information regarding the mixing apparatus used in past experiments can be found in the literature. This will be an area for further developmental research. In summary, the approach to understanding and modeling two-phase phenomenon demonstrated in this study provides tools to future researchers and engineers. Special attention to data qualification and experiment standardization provides a different prospective and interpretation of the currently available data. The physically based and dimensionless modeling demonstrated in this study can be extended to other studies in the field as well as providing a basis for the application of heat transfer modeling to microgravity two-phase systems, specifically boiling and condensation.
Author: Christopher J. Crowley
Author: Christopher J. Crowley
Author: Kamiel S. Gabriel
Author: A. A. M. Delil
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Author: Ramaswamy Balasubramaniam
Author: 
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Author: Adam Michael Shephard
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Author: