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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Thermal ablation is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used as an alternative to surgical resection in treating early-stage solid tumors. Due to its percutaneous route of administration, thermal ablations have been shown to be associated with less bleeding, fewer complications and quicker recovery compared to surgery. While radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently the most common heating modality used for ablation, microwave ablations have rapidly gained traction in academic centers in recent years due to its improved heating physics. Microwave offers substantial benefits over radiofrequency ablation through faster heat generation, leading to larger and more homogenous ablation zones in highly-perfused tissue. These qualities can lead to better margins during tumor ablation and a smaller chance for tumor recurrence. However, controlling the high power and temperatures associated with microwave has remained a formidable barrier toward widespread clinical adoption. The tools used in microwave ablation, especially the antenna itself, require modifications in order to decrease shaft heating. The physics of microwave heating, which now incorporate water vaporization, needs to be accounted for in the tissue heating process. Lastly, the role of hotter ablation zones in thrombosing larger blood vessels is becoming a growing concern for physicians. This thesis aims to further our understanding of these issues.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Thermal ablation is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used as an alternative to surgical resection in treating early-stage solid tumors. Due to its percutaneous route of administration, thermal ablations have been shown to be associated with less bleeding, fewer complications and quicker recovery compared to surgery. While radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently the most common heating modality used for ablation, microwave ablations have rapidly gained traction in academic centers in recent years due to its improved heating physics. Microwave offers substantial benefits over radiofrequency ablation through faster heat generation, leading to larger and more homogenous ablation zones in highly-perfused tissue. These qualities can lead to better margins during tumor ablation and a smaller chance for tumor recurrence. However, controlling the high power and temperatures associated with microwave has remained a formidable barrier toward widespread clinical adoption. The tools used in microwave ablation, especially the antenna itself, require modifications in order to decrease shaft heating. The physics of microwave heating, which now incorporate water vaporization, needs to be accounted for in the tissue heating process. Lastly, the role of hotter ablation zones in thrombosing larger blood vessels is becoming a growing concern for physicians. This thesis aims to further our understanding of these issues.
Author: Sevde Etoz Niemeier Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Microwave ablation is one of the most common minimally invasive targeted cancer treatment technique. Since development phase of the technique resulted in several commercial ablation systems, current research topics include optimization of the current systems and practices. Recent studies have shown that outcomes of microwave ablation can vary patient to patient. To foresee the ablation results, investigation of treatment planning techniques has gained great interest recently. Simulations have been the main tool for the treatment planning process which requires accurate tissue models. In this work, I investigated new simulation approaches to increase microwave ablation simulation accuracy. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the current state of microwave ablation and the variability of ablation outcomes with the current systems are presented. Potential sources of this variability were discussed. Moreover, the accuracy of microwave ablation simulations was evaluated with ex-vivo studies (experiments and simulations). The study results suggested that current dielectric property models need improvement. Therefore, following chapters focused on the dielectric tissue property model development for liver and lung tissues. In microwave ablation context, tissue properties can be divided into two groups: baseline and temperature dependent temporal changes during heating. Both depends on the constituents of tissues; therefore, dielectric mixture models were used in the development of liver and lung tissue models. Chapter 2 presents tissue models which were tissue water content dependent. It has been assumed that water content was responsible for the drastic changes in dielectric properties during heating. Chapter 3 outlines the techniques for application of the water content dependent dielectric mixture models in the microwave ablation setting. With this study, it was directly shown that vaporization was the most dominant mechanism in dielectric property change at high temperatures, dielectric mixture models can model vapor induced effects, and the proposed approach with the mixture model allowed more accurate dielectric property predictions than the current models in literature. Since this study focused the temporal changes of tissue properties. In the first 3 chapters, temporal changes in dielectric properties were studied. Chapter 4 presents experiments and simulations in phantoms for tissues with ectopic fat storage, which changes the baseline tissue properties. Differences in heating mechanisms in phantoms with varying fat contents were discovered. Moreover, a framework was introduced for imaging-based (magnetic resonance imaging) determination of baseline tissue dielectric properties. Chapter 5 describes lung tissue dielectric property models that have been built with the data that was collected. The aim of this study was to develop an air content tissue model for lung, therefore, concurrent measurements of dielectric properties with open-ended coaxial probe and air content with CT and microCT was included in the model development process. Chapter 6 describes the implementation of the tissue dielectric property model that was developed in the Chapter 2 and 3 in simulations. The results of the simulated ablation zones were compared with the ablation zones that were measured precisely by accounting for the contraction. The simulations with the proposed model had higher accuracy in the prediction of the ablation zone dimensions in ex-vivo tissues. Chapter 6 also included a study on thermal behavior of the liver perfusion. The literature review on perfusion in the thermal ablation area showed the need for a liver specific perfusion model. In-vivo liver ablation temperatures were collected and used as the training data for the optimization of a muscle perfusion model for liver tissue.
Author: Hojjatollah Fallahi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Microwave ablation is an established minimally invasive modality for thermal ablation of unresectable tumors and other diseases. The goal of a microwave ablation procedure is to deliver microwave power in a manner localized to the targeted tissue, with the objective of raising the target tissue to ablative temperatures (~60 °C). Engineering efforts in microwave applicator design have largely been focused on the design of microwave antennas that yield large, near-spherical ablation zones, and can fit within rigid needles or flexible catheters. These efforts have led to significant progress in the development and clinical application of microwave ablation systems, particularly for treating tumors in the liver and other highly vascular organs. However, currently available applicator designs are ill-suited to treating targets of diverse shapes and sizes. Furthermore, there are a lack of non-imaging-based techniques for monitoring the transient progression of the ablation zone as a means for providing feedback to the physician. This dissertation presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of microwave ablation antennas for site-specific therapeutic applications with these issues in mind. A deployable 915 MHz loop antenna is presented, providing a minimally-invasive approach for thermal ablation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. The antenna incorporates a radiating loop, which can be deployed to adjustable shapes within the uterine cavity, and a passive element, to enable thermal ablation, to 5.7-9.6 mm depth, of uterine cavities ranging in size from 4-6.5 cm in length and 2.5-4.5 cm in width. Electromagnetic-bioheat transfer simulations were employed for design optimization of the antennas, and proof-of-concept applicators were fabricated and extensively evaluated in ex vivo tissue. Finally, feasibility of using the broadband antenna reflection coefficient for monitoring the ablation progress during the course of ablation was evaluated. Experimental studies demonstrated a shift in antenna resonant frequency of 50 MHz correlated with complete ablation. For treatment of 1-2 cm spherical targets, water-cooled monopole antennas operating at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz were designed and experimentally evaluated in ex vivo tissue. The technical feasibility of using these applicators for treating 1-2 cm diameter benign adrenal adenomas was demonstrated. These studies demonstrated the potential of using minimally-invasive microwave ablation applicators for treatment of hypertension caused by benign aldosterone producing adenomas. Since tissue dielectric properties have been observed to change substantially at elevated temperatures, knowledge of the temperature-dependence of tissue dielectric properties may provide a means for estimating treatment state from changes in antenna reflection coefficient during a procedure. The broadband dielectric properties of bovine liver, an established tissue for experimental characterization of microwave ablation applicators, were measured from room temperature to ablative temperatures. The measured dielectric data were fit to a parametric model using piecewise linear functions, providing a means for readily incorporating these data into computational models. These data represent the first report of changes in broadband dielectric properties of liver tissue at ablative temperatures and should help enable additional studies in ablation system development.
Author: Yahya Rahmat-Samii Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119683297 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 624
Book Description
A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies. The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book: Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.
Author: Kelvin Hong Publisher: Thieme ISBN: 1638532184 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
Learn from the experts with this hands-on guide to the latest tumor ablation modalities and techniques Leading authorities on percutaneous tumor ablation come together in this volume to provide a complete overview of everything physicians and other health professionals need to know to successfully implement and administer an image-guided ablation service. After an introduction to the protocols and attendant physics of ablation technology, concise organ-based chapters focus on a wide range of both straightforward and atypical cases to teach readers how to handle the unique clinical and technical challenges associated with percutaneous tumor ablation in different areas of the body. Succinct, step-by-step descriptions complement high-resolution images throughout to illustrate the nuances of each procedure. Features: In-depth guidance on the advantages and drawbacks of various cutting-edge ablation modalities, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and irreversible electroporation Numerous examples of difficult cases and advice on how to mitigate complications More than 500 high-quality images document the cases and showcase all currently available ablation systems and probes Practical chapters address practice building, patient selection, the pre- and post-operative care of high-risk patients, and more Narrated videos on an accompanying DVD demonstrate state-of-the art tumor ablation equipment and procedures This must-have clinical reference will develop the technical and clinical tumor ablation skills of every fellow and practicing physician in interventional radiology, oncology, and surgical oncology.
Author: Slawomir Koziel Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303038926X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 411
Book Description
This book discusses surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. The focus is on constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented techniques aim at addressing the limitations of conventional modeling methods, pertinent to the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges that need to be covered by the surrogate to ensure its design utility. Within performance-driven methodologies, mitigation of these problems is achieved through appropriate confinement of the model domain, focused on the regions promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. This enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the modeling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated using examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures along with numerous design examples. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. The book will be useful for the readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism, especially those that utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines. Covers performance-driven and constrained modeling methods, not available in other books to date; Discusses of a wide range of practical case studies including a variety of microwave and antenna structures; Includes design applications of the presented modeling frameworks, including single- and multi-objective parametric optimization.
Author: José de Jesús Agustín Flores Cuautle Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303146933X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
This book reports on cutting-edge research and best practices in the broad fiel of biomedical engineering. Based on the XLVI Mexican Congress on Biomedical Engineering, CNIB 2023, held on November 2-4, 2023 in Villahermosa Tabasco, Mexico, this first volume of the proceedings covers research topics in biomedical signals and image processing, artificial intelligence, biosensors, and wearable systems, with applications ranging from disease classification and diagnosis, to health monitoring and medical therapy. All in all, this book provides a timely snapshot on state-of-the-art achievements in biomedical engineering and current challenges in the field. It addresses both researchers and professionals, and it is expect to foster future collaborations between the two groups, as well as international collaborations. .
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Trupti Ranjan Lenka Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9819944953 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 519
Book Description
This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Micro and Nanoelectronics Devices, Circuits and Systems (MNDCS-2023). The book includes cutting-edge research papers in the emerging fields of micro and nanoelectronics devices, circuits, and systems from experts working in these fields over the last decade. The book is a unique collection of chapters from different areas with a common theme and is immensely useful to academic researchers and practitioners in the industry who work in this field.
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Author: 
Author: Punit Prakash
Author: Sevde Etoz Niemeier
Author: Hojjatollah Fallahi
Author: Yahya Rahmat-Samii
Author: Kelvin Hong
Author: Slawomir Koziel
Author: José de Jesús Agustín Flores Cuautle
Author: 
Author: Trupti Ranjan Lenka