Design and Experimental Characterization of Electrostatically Assisted Automotive Fuel Injectors PDF Download
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Author: Eric Karl Anderson Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9781109222586 Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
With current automotive fuel injector designs, fuel mass and momentum cannot be independently controlled during engine operation. By introducing electrostatic charge to the fuel as it is injected, a means of altering the injector spray pattern without changing the mass injected is available. A commercially available automotive fuel injector was modified to apply electrostatic charge to the fuel spray. The resulting electrostatically charged sprays were compared to non-charged sprays from the same injector using a Mie scattering technique to image the spray, Fraunhofer diffraction to measure droplet size, and particle image velocimetry to measure droplet velocities. Results showed application of charge results in increased spray penetration during early injection, increased droplet axial velocities, and reduced spray-to-spray variations in droplet size. Measurements of the charge transferred by a spray indicated relatively weak electrostatically induced forces relative to inertial forces, but showed that conductivity enhancers or alcohol blended fuels can substantially increase charge transfer. The effect of charge on the combustion process was investigated by capturing high speed video of charged and non-charged droplets composed of blends of ethanol and isooctane. Substantial changes in droplet morphology depending on the polarity of the charge applied were found. In addition, to test charged sprays in a practical combustion system, an engine test cell was constructed using a spark ignition engine typical of current designs for automotive use. Findings indicate that application of charge to the injector can increase peak cylinder pressure and reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions a small amount with the trade off of a slight increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
Author: Eric Karl Anderson Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9781109222586 Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
With current automotive fuel injector designs, fuel mass and momentum cannot be independently controlled during engine operation. By introducing electrostatic charge to the fuel as it is injected, a means of altering the injector spray pattern without changing the mass injected is available. A commercially available automotive fuel injector was modified to apply electrostatic charge to the fuel spray. The resulting electrostatically charged sprays were compared to non-charged sprays from the same injector using a Mie scattering technique to image the spray, Fraunhofer diffraction to measure droplet size, and particle image velocimetry to measure droplet velocities. Results showed application of charge results in increased spray penetration during early injection, increased droplet axial velocities, and reduced spray-to-spray variations in droplet size. Measurements of the charge transferred by a spray indicated relatively weak electrostatically induced forces relative to inertial forces, but showed that conductivity enhancers or alcohol blended fuels can substantially increase charge transfer. The effect of charge on the combustion process was investigated by capturing high speed video of charged and non-charged droplets composed of blends of ethanol and isooctane. Substantial changes in droplet morphology depending on the polarity of the charge applied were found. In addition, to test charged sprays in a practical combustion system, an engine test cell was constructed using a spark ignition engine typical of current designs for automotive use. Findings indicate that application of charge to the injector can increase peak cylinder pressure and reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions a small amount with the trade off of a slight increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract : The characteristics of gasoline sprayed directly into combustion chambers are of critical importance to engine out emissions and combustion system development. The optimization of the spray characteristics to match the in-cylinder flow field, chamber geometry, and spark location are vital tasks during the development of an engine combustion strategy. Furthermore, the presence of liquid fuel during combustion in Spark-Ignition (SI) engines causes increased hydrocarbon (HC) emissions [1]. Euro 6, LEVIII, and US Tier 3 emissions regulations reduce the allowable particulate mass significantly from the previous standards. LEVIII standards reduce the acceptable particulate emission to 1 mg/mile [2]. A good Direct Injection Spark Ignited (DISI) strategy vaporizes the correct amount of fuel at the proper point in the engine cycle with the proper in-cylinder air flow for optimal power output with minimal emissions. The opening and closing phases of DISI injectors is crucial to this task as the spray produces larger droplets during both theses phases. This work focuses on the results from a novel method to investigate fuel behavior upon closing of the fuel injector. A Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to determine the effect of pressure, temperature, and pulse-width of the fuel spray after the closing event. Experiments determined that the primary source of controlling the droplet size and the mass post injector closing for a given injector was the temperature. It was found that the end of injection behavior is a highly dynamic, complex event including, but not limited to, effects from the injector design, deposit concentration, and fuel type.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 1028
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Engineering Languages : en Pages : 2264
Book Description
Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Author: Wade H. Shafer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461303931 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Author: Eric Karl Anderson
Author: Eric Karl Anderson
Author: John Robert Emerson
Author: Hirmand Nouraei
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Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
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Author: Wade H. Shafer
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