Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Description of a Relay Calculator
Author: Summary of Papers Presented at the Seminar on Data Handling and Automatic Computing, 26 February-6 March 1951
Author: Structure of Neodymium Sulfate Octahydrate
Author: Donald R. FitzwaterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
The problem of x-ray crystal structure determination require some type of automatic computing machinery. An evaluation of these problems has lead to the conclusions that a parallel channel relay digital computer operating in conjunction with the standard I.B.M. units will meet the calculation needs of a structure determination and greatly shorten the time and labor involved. A brief description of a relay computer designed to meet these needs has been given. The computer will be able to perform all of the calculations required with the exception of the Patterson and electron density calculations. The latter may be carried out efficiently on standard I.B.M. units.
Principles of Numerical Analysis
Author: Alston S. HouseholderPublisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 048645312X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Computer science rests upon the building blocks of numerical analysis. This concise treatment by an expert covers the essentials of the solution of finite systems of linear and nonlinear equations as well as the approximate representation of functions. A final section provides 54 problems, subdivided according to chapter. 1953 edition.
Plain Text
Author: Dennis TenenPublisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503602346
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
This book challenges the ways we read, write, store, and retrieve information in the digital age. Computers—from electronic books to smart phones—play an active role in our social lives. Our technological choices thus entail theoretical and political commitments. Dennis Tenen takes up today's strange enmeshing of humans, texts, and machines to argue that our most ingrained intuitions about texts are profoundly alienated from the physical contexts of their intellectual production. Drawing on a range of primary sources from both literary theory and software engineering, he makes a case for a more transparent practice of human–computer interaction. Plain Text is thus a rallying call, a frame of mind as much as a file format. It reminds us, ultimately, that our devices also encode specific modes of governance and control that must remain available to interpretation.
Exploring the Early Digital
Author: Thomas HaighPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030021521
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 213
Book Description
Changes in the present challenge us to reinterpret the past, but historians have not yet come to grips with the convergence of computing, media, and communications technology. Today these things are inextricably intertwined, in technologies such as the smartphone and internet, in convergent industries, and in social practices. Yet they remain three distinct historical subfields, tilled by different groups of scholars using different tools. We often call this conglomeration “the digital,” recognizing its deep connection to the technology of digital computing. Unfortunately, interdisciplinary studies of digital practices, digital methods, or digital humanities have rarely been informed by deep engagement with the history of computing.Contributors to this volume have come together to reexamine an apparently familiar era in the history of computing through new lenses, exploring early digital computing and engineering practice as digital phenomena rather than as engines of mathematics and logic. Most focus on the period 1945 to 1960, the era in which the first electronic digital computers were created and the computer industry began to develop. Because digitality is first and foremost a way of reading objects and encoding information within them, we are foregrounding topics that have until now been viewed as peripheral in the history of computing: betting odds calculators, card file systems, program and data storage, programmable calculators, and digital circuit design practices. Reconceptualizing the “history of computing” as study of the “early digital” decenters the stored program computer, repositioning it as one of many digital technologies.
Author: The First Computers
Author: Raul RojasPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262681377
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
Book Description
This history of computing focuses not on chronology (what came first and who deserves credit for it) but on the actual architectures of the first machines that made electronic computing a practical reality. The book covers computers built in the United States, Germany, England, and Japan. It makes clear that similar concepts were often pursued simultaneously and that the early researchers explored many architectures beyond the von Neumann architecture that eventually became canonical. The contributors include not only historians but also engineers and computer pioneers. An introductory chapter describes the elements of computer architecture and explains why "being first" is even less interesting for computers than for other areas of technology. The essays contain a remarkable amount of new material, even on well-known machines, and several describe reconstructions of the historic machines. These investigations are of more than simply historical interest, for architectures designed to solve specific problems in the past may suggest new approaches to similar problems in today's machines. Contributors Titiimaea F. Ala'ilima, Lin Ping Ang, William Aspray, Friedrich L. Bauer, Andreas Brennecke, Chris P. Burton, Martin Campbell-Kelly, Paul Ceruzzi, I. Bernard Cohen, John Gustafson, Wilhelm Hopmann, Harry D. Huskey, Friedrich W. Kistermann, Thomas Lange, Michael S. Mahoney, R. B. E. Napper, Seiichi Okoma, Hartmut Petzold, Raúl Rojas, Anthony E. Sale, Robert W. Seidel, Ambros P. Speiser, Frank H. Sumner, James F. Tau, Jan Van der Spiegel, Eiiti Wada, Michael R. Williams
Howard Aiken
Author: I. Bernard CohenPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262531795
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 390
Book Description
Biography of Howard Aiken, a major figure of the early digital era, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard. Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900-1973) was a major figure of the early digital era. He is best known for his first machine, the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. But he also made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. This biography of Aiken, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard, offers a clear and often entertaining introduction to Aiken and his times. Aiken's Mark I was the most intensely used of the early large-scale, general-purpose automatic digital computers, and it had a significant impact on the machines that followed. Aiken also proselytized for the computer among scientists, scholars, and businesspeople and explored novel applications in data processing, automatic billing, and production control. But his most lasting contribution may have been the students who received degrees under him and then took prominent positions in academia and industry. I. Bernard Cohen argues convincingly for Aiken's significance as a shaper of the computer world in which we now live.
Technology and Mathematics
Author: Sven Ove HanssonPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319937790
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 373
Book Description
This volume is the first extensive study of the historical and philosophical connections between technology and mathematics. Coverage includes the use of mathematics in ancient as well as modern technology, devices and machines for computation, cryptology, mathematics in technological education, the epistemology of computer-mediated proofs, and the relationship between technological and mathematical computability. The book also examines the work of such historical figures as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and Alan Turing.