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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
Human lethal dose estimates are required, in conjunction with U.S. Army Military Exposure Guideline concentrations, to provide toxicity benchmarks for evaluation of candidate toxicity sensors for an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system for drinking water protection. An approach was developed to estimate human lethal doses (lowest lethal dose - LD) for 26 Lo chemicals having varying amounts and qualities of toxicological data. Readily available toxicokinetic information was used to adjust the human lethal doses for uptake via drinking water consumed over the course of a day. Research recommendations are provided to improve LD Lo estimation approaches.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
Human lethal dose estimates are required, in conjunction with U.S. Army Military Exposure Guideline concentrations, to provide toxicity benchmarks for evaluation of candidate toxicity sensors for an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system for drinking water protection. An approach was developed to estimate human lethal doses (lowest lethal dose - LD) for 26 Lo chemicals having varying amounts and qualities of toxicological data. Readily available toxicokinetic information was used to adjust the human lethal doses for uptake via drinking water consumed over the course of a day. Research recommendations are provided to improve LD Lo estimation approaches.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309057493 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
No reliable acute-exposure1 standards have been established for the particular purpose of protecting soldiers from toxic exposures to chemical warfare (CW) agents. Some human-toxicity estimates are available for the most common CW agentsâ€"organophosphorus nerve agents and vesicants; however, most of those estimates were developed for offensive purposes (that is, to kill or incapacitate the enemy) and were intended to be interim values only. Because of the possibility of a chemical attack by a foreign power, the Army's Office of the Surgeon General asked the Army's Chemical Defense Equipment Process Action Team (CDEPAT) to review the toxicity data for the nerve agents GA (tabun), GB(sarin), GD (soman), GF, and VX, and the vesicant agent sulfur mustard (HD) and to establish a set of exposure limits that would be useful in protecting soldiers from toxic exposures to those agents. This report is an independent review of the CDEPAT report to determine the scientific validity of the proposed estimates.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309120462 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309166411 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Author: Mark T. D. Cronin Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1849730040 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 689
Book Description
This book defines the use of computational approaches to predict the environmental toxicity and human health effects of organic chemicals.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030915233X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
This book is the eighth volume in the series Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, and reviews AEGLs for acrolein, carbon monoxide, 1,2-dichloroethene, ethylenimine, fluorine, hydrazine, peracetic acid, propylenimine, and sulfur dioxide for scientific accuracy, completeness, and consistency with the NRC guideline reports.
Author: Patricia A. Talcott Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323241980 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 955
Book Description
- 20 new chapters have been added - New topics include a list of toxicants affecting body systems, management of toxins in pregnancy, diagnostic toxicology, bacterial toxins, and cosmetic/toilet articles - Snake-bite injuries are treated in two separate, expanded chapters: Pit Vipers and Coral Snakes - Section on pharmaceuticals includes bromides, anticonvulsants, tricycle antidepressants, monoamine oxidize inhibitors, B-adrenergic toxicities, and vitamins A and D - Additional specific toxicants are covered, including Amitraz, hydramethylon, ethanol, mercury, toad toxins, poisonous frogs, salamanders, newts and venomous arthropods•Additional specific toxicants are covered, including Amitraz, hydramethylon, ethanol, mercury, toad toxins, poisonous frogs, salamanders, newts and venomous arthropods.
Author: James Chang Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323568602 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
As the surgical community steps up to tackle the global burden of surgical disease in developing countries, Global Reconstructive Surgery is the first reference of its kind to offer focused, pertinent coverage of key areas surgeons need to understand to fully participate in this endeavor. It provides authoritative, real-world guidance on common surgeries performed around the world to help optimize outcomes in difficult environments and for a variety of conditions. Offers practical wisdom and experience from surgeons who have lived and worked in challenging global settings. The clear, organized format is based on the way clinicians examine, prepare for, and treat patients in resource-limited circumstances. Each chapter matches the clinical pathway and thought processes of care delivery, from the clinical problem and pre-operative assessment to operative intervention, post-operative care, and possible complications and options for management. Covers perioperative management, cleft and craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, burns, trauma, and key techniques commonly performed by surgeons across the globe. Includes the surgical steps of each procedure, photographs of clinical cases, and surgical pearls for resource-poor settings. Discusses alternative approaches related to cultural considerations and unavailability of state-of-the-art equipment. Ideal for plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, craniofacial surgeons. oral and maxillofacial surgeons, general surgeons – both those who volunteer for surgical trips and those training in local communities.
Author: Publisher: Human Rights Watch ISBN: Category : Capital punishment Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
Recommendations. To state and federal corrections agencies - To state legislators and the U.S. Congress. -- I. Development of lethal injection protocols. Oklahoma - Texas - Tennessee - Lethal injection machines - Public access to lethal injection protocols. -- II. Lethal injection drugs. Potassium chloride - Pancuronium bromide - Sodium thiopental - The failure to review protocols. -- III. Lethal injection procedures. Qualifications of execution team - Checking the IV equipment - Level of anesthesia not monitored. -- IV. Physician participation in executions and medical ethics. -- V. Case study: Morales v. Hickman. -- VI. Botched executions. -- VII. International human rights and U.S. constitutional law. International human rights law - U.S. Constitutional law. -- Appendix A: State Execution Methods. -- Acknowledgements.
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Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Mark T. D. Cronin
Author: Raymond S. Sinatra
Author: National Research Council
Author: Patricia A. Talcott
Author: James Chang
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