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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9789201012180 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
This publication defines a framework that represents the state of the art in assessment methodologies for safety and instrumentation and control software used at nuclear power plants. It describes an approach for developing and communicating assessments based on claims, argument and evidence. The assessment of software dependability, which encompasses properties such as safety, reliability, availability, maintainability and security, is an essential and challenging aspect of the safety justification. Guiding principles for a dependability assessment are established to provide the basis for defining an assessment strategy and implementing the assessment process. Sources of evidence for the assessment are provided and lessons learned from past digital instrumentation and control system implementation in areas such as software development, operational usage, regulatory review and platform certification are also described.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9789201012180 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
This publication defines a framework that represents the state of the art in assessment methodologies for safety and instrumentation and control software used at nuclear power plants. It describes an approach for developing and communicating assessments based on claims, argument and evidence. The assessment of software dependability, which encompasses properties such as safety, reliability, availability, maintainability and security, is an essential and challenging aspect of the safety justification. Guiding principles for a dependability assessment are established to provide the basis for defining an assessment strategy and implementing the assessment process. Sources of evidence for the assessment are provided and lessons learned from past digital instrumentation and control system implementation in areas such as software development, operational usage, regulatory review and platform certification are also described.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
With the current transition from analog to digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants, the number and variety of software-based systems have significantly increased. The sophisticated nature and increasing complexity of software raises trust in these systems as a significant challenge. The trust placed in a software system is typically termed software dependability. Software dependability analysis faces uncommon challenges since software systems' characteristics differ from those of hardware systems. The lack of systematic science-based methods for quantifying the dependability attributes in software-based instrumentation as well as control systems in safety critical applications has proved itself to be a significant inhibitor to the expanded use of modern digital technology in the nuclear industry. Dependability refers to the ability of a system to deliver a service that can be trusted. Dependability is commonly considered as a general concept that encompasses different attributes, e.g., reliability, safety, security, availability and maintainability. Dependability research has progressed significantly over the last few decades. For example, various assessment models and/or design approaches have been proposed for software reliability, software availability and software maintainability. Advances have also been made to integrate multiple dependability attributes, e.g., integrating security with other dependability attributes, measuring availability and maintainability, modeling reliability and availability, quantifying reliability and security, exploring the dependencies between security and safety and developing integrated analysis models. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the dependencies between various dependability attributes as a whole and of how such dependencies are formed. To address the need for quantification and give a more objective basis to the review process -- therefore reducing regulatory uncertainty -- measures and methods are needed to assess dependability attributes early on, as well as throughout the life-cycle process of software development. In this research, extensive expert opinion elicitation is used to identify the measures and methods for assessing software dependability. Semi-structured questionnaires were designed to elicit expert knowledge. A new notation system, Causal Mechanism Graphing, was developed to extract and represent such knowledge. The Causal Mechanism Graphs were merged, thus, obtaining the consensus knowledge shared by the domain experts. In this report, we focus on how software contributes to dependability. However, software dependability is not discussed separately from the context of systems or socio-technical systems. Specifically, this report focuses on software dependability, reliability, safety, security, availability, and maintainability. Our research was conducted in the sequence of stages found below. Each stage is further examined in its corresponding chapter. Stage 1 (Chapter 2): Elicitation of causal maps describing the dependencies between dependability attributes. These causal maps were constructed using expert opinion elicitation. This chapter describes the expert opinion elicitation process, the questionnaire design, the causal map construction method and the causal maps obtained. Stage 2 (Chapter 3): Elicitation of the causal map describing the occurrence of the event of interest for each dependability attribute. The causal mechanisms for the "event of interest" were extracted for each of the software dependability attributes. The "event of interest" for a dependability attribute is generally considered to be the "attribute failure", e.g. security failure. The extraction was based on the analysis of expert elicitation results obtained in Stage 1. Stage 3 (Chapter 4): Identification of relevant measurements. Measures for the "events of interest" and their causal mechanisms were obtained from expert opinion elicitation for ...
Author: Pierre-Jacques Courtois Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848003722 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Safety is a paradoxical system property. It remains immaterial, intangible and invisible until a failure, an accident or a catastrophy occurs and, too late, reveals its absence. And yet, a system cannot be relied upon unless its safety can be explained, demonstrated and certified. The practical and difficult questions which motivate this study concern the evidence and the arguments needed to justify the safety of a computer based system, or more generally its dependability. Dependability is a broad concept integrating properties such as safety, reliability, availability, maintainability and other related characteristics of the behaviour of a system in operation. How can we give the users the assurance that the system enjoys the required dependability? How should evidence be presented to certification bodies or regulatory authorities? What best practices should be applied? How should we decide whether there is enough evidence to justify the release of the system? To help answer these daunting questions, a method and a framework are proposed for the justification of the dependability of a computer-based system. The approach specifically aims at dealing with the difficulties raised by the validation of software. Hence, it should be of wide applicability despite being mainly based on the experience of assessing Nuclear Power Plant instrumentation and control systems important to safety. To be viable, a method must rest on a sound theoretical background.
Author: Committee on Application of Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems to Nuclear Power Plant Operations and Safety Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030952444X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
The nuclear industry and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) have been working for several years on the development of an adequate process to guide the replacement of aging analog monitoring and control instrumentation in nuclear power plants with modern digital instrumentation without introducing off-setting safety problems. This book identifies criteria for the USNRC's review and acceptance of digital applications in nuclear power plants. It focuses on eight areas: software quality assurance, common-mode software failure potential, systems aspects of digital instrumentation and control technology, human factors and human-machine interfaces, safety and reliability assessment methods, dedication of commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software, the case-by-case licensing process, and the adequacy of technical infrastructure.
Author: Yastrebenetsky, Michael Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1466651342 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
Accidents and natural disasters involving nuclear power plants such as Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and the recent meltdown at Fukushima are rare, but their effects are devastating enough to warrant increased vigilance in addressing safety concerns. Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems for Safety and Security evaluates the risks inherent to nuclear power and methods of preventing accidents through computer control systems and other such emerging technologies. Students and scholars as well as operators and designers will find useful insight into the latest security technologies with the potential to make the future of nuclear energy clean, safe, and reliable.
Author: Mauro Cappelli Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081028377 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1114
Book Description
Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants provides the latest innovative research onthe design of effective modern I&C systems for both existing and newly commissioned plants, along withinformation on system implementation. Dr. Cappelli and his team of expert contributors cover fundamentals,explore the most advanced research in control systems technology, and tackle topics such as the human–machine interface, control room redesign, and control modeling. The inclusion of codes and standards,inspection procedures, and regulatory issues ensure that the reader can confidently design their own I&Csystems and integrate them into existing nuclear sites and projects. Covers various viewpoints, including theory, modeling, design and applications of I&C systems Includes codes and standards, inspection procedures and regulatory issues Combines engineering and physics aspects in one thorough resource, presenting human factors, modeling and HMI together for the first time Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants highlights the key role nuclear energy plays in the transition to a lower-carbon energy mix
Author: Poong-Hyun Seong Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848003838 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
“Reliability and Risk Issues in Large Scale Safety-critical Digital Control Systems” provides a comprehensive coverage of reliability issues and their corresponding countermeasures in the field of large-scale digital control systems, from the hardware and software in digital systems to the human operators who supervise the overall process of large-scale systems. Unlike other books which examine theories and issues in individual fields, this book reviews important problems and countermeasures across the fields of software reliability, software verification and validation, digital systems, human factors engineering and human reliability analysis. Divided into four sections dealing with software reliability, digital system reliability, human reliability and human operators in large-scale digital systems, the book offers insights from professional researchers in each specialized field in a diverse yet unified approach.
Author: IAEA Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9201100205 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
The focus of this publication is on the activities required to demonstrate the suitability of commercial off the shelf (COTS) digital instrumentation and control equipment for use in nuclear safety applications. The publication provides a detailed discussion of the typical challenges associated with the use of COTS devices, including issues associated with unique vulnerabilities and features of digital products. It outlines the strategy for digital COTS device assessment and qualification and describes the typical elements of the process. The publication addresses the specific steps of any justification, including identifying the requirements, selection of the supplier and candidate equipment, planning, assessment and identification of equipment life issues, suitability evaluation and all associated documentation. Maintaining the compliance of COTS devices as well as related regulatory aspects are also covered.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: IAEA.
Author: 
Author: Pierre-Jacques Courtois
Author: Committee on Application of Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems to Nuclear Power Plant Operations and Safety
Author: Yastrebenetsky, Michael
Author: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Author: Mauro Cappelli
Author: Poong-Hyun Seong
Author: IAEA