Delivery Systems for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment PDF Download

Author: Anthony J. Hickey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118943198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
Provides a review of novel pharmaceutical approaches for Tuberculosis drugs Presents a novel perspective on tuberculosis prevention and treatment Considers the nature of disease, immunological responses, vaccine and drug delivery, disposition and response Multidisciplinary appeal, with contributions from microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, chemical and mechanical engineering

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240047719
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description

Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 506

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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Author: Dorothee Heemskerk
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319191322
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 66

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Book Description
This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description

Author: Prashant Kesharwani
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128226110
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Book Description
Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment discusses multiple nanotechnology-based approaches that may help overcome persisting limitations of conventional and traditional treatments. The book summarizes the types of nano drugs, their synthesis, formulation, characterization and applications, along with the most important administration routes. It also explores recent advances and achievements regarding therapeutic efficacy and provides possible future applications in this field. It will be a useful resource for investigators, pharmaceutical researchers, innovators and scientists working on technology advancements in the areas of targeted therapies, nano scale imaging systems, and diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis. Addresses the gap between nanomedicine late discovery and early development of tuberculosis therapeutics Explores tuberculosis nanomedicine standardization and characterization with newly developed treatment, diagnostic and treatment monitoring modalities Covers the field thoroughly, from the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treatment approaches using nanotechnology and different nanocarriers

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 924004812X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Book Description
Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240022678
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Book Description
The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241504508
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"Tuberculosis (TB) affected an estimated 8.7 million people and caused 1.4 million deaths globally in 2011, including 0.5 million women and at least 64 000 children. About 13% of TB occurs among people living with HIV, and TB causes almost a quarter of AIDS deaths. There is evidence of links between TB and noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus and with determinants of ill-health like tobacco and drug use, alcoholism and malnutrition. TB mostly affects the productive segment of society in their prime. One third of people estimated to have TB are either not reached for diagnosis and treatment by the current health systems or are not being reported. Even in patients who are identified, TB is often diagnosed and treated late. In order to reach the unreached and to find TB patients early in the course of their illness, a wider range of stakeholders already involved in community-based activities needs to be engaged. These include the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other civil society organizations (CSOs) that are active in community-based development, particularly in primary health care, HIV infection and maternal and child health, but have not yet included TB in their priorities and activities. NGOs and other CSOs are non-profit organizations that operate independently from the state and from the private for-profit sector. They include a broad spectrum of entities such as international, national and local NGOs, community-based organizations (CBOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), patient-based organizations and professional associations. CBOs are membership-based non-profit organizations that are usually self-organized in specific local areas (such as a village) to increase solidarity and mutual support to address specific issues. For example, these include HIV support groups, women's groups, parent-teacher associations and micro-credit village associations. CBO membership is comprised entirely of community members themselves, so these organizations can be considered to represent the community most directly. NGOs and other CSOs engage in activities that range from community mobilization, service delivery, and technical assistance to research and advocacy. The strengths of NGOs and other CSOs active in health care and other development interventions at the community level include their reach and spread and their ability to engage marginalized or remote groups. These organizations have a comparative advantage because of their understanding of the local context. Greater collaboration between NGOs and other CSOs and local and national governments could greatly enhance development outcomes. A more decentralized approach that formally recognizes the critical role of NGOs and other CSOs as partners addressing gaps through support to community-based actions will expand TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care activities. Community-based TB activities cover a wide range of activities contributing to prevention, diagnosis, improved treatment adherence and care that positively influence the outcomes of drug-sensitive, drug resistant and HIV-associated TB. The activities also include community mobilization to promote effective communication and participation among community members to generate demand for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care services. While diagnostic tests for TB continue to be performed in clinical settings, for lack of simpler diagnostic methods, community-based TB activities are conducted outside the premises of formal health facilities (e.g. hospitals, health centres and clinics) in community-based structures (e.g. schools, places of worship, congregate settings) and homesteads. Such community-based TB activities could and should be integrated with other community-based activities supporting primary health care services, including those for HIV infection, maternal and child health and noncommunicable diseases to improve synergy and impact. Community-based TB activities utilize community structures and mechanisms through which community members, CBOs and groups interact, coordinate and deliver their responses to the challenges and needs affecting their communities."--Page 1.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309171946
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.