Author: Derek ElsworthPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
Deformation and Flank Instability of Oceanic Island Volcanoes
Author: Derek ElsworthDeformation and Flank Instability of Oceanic Island Volcanoes
Author: Derk ElsworthCharacteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes
Author: Taeko Jane TakahashiPublisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9781411338722
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 442
Book Description
Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes establishes a benchmark for the currrent understanding of volcanism in Hawaii, and the articles herein build upon the elegant and pioneering work of Dutton, Jagger, Steams, and many other USGS and academic scientists. Each chapter synthesizes the lessons learned about a specific aspect of volcanism in Hawaii, based largely o continuous observation of eruptive activity and on systematic research into volcanic and earthquake processes during HVO's first 100 years. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNTS FOR ALREADY REDUCED SALE ITEMS.
New Publications of the Geological Survey
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey
Author: Publications of the Geological Survey
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
Volcanoes in the Sea
Author: Gordon A. MacdonaldPublisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824841336
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 545
Book Description
Well written and superbly illustrated, this work includes chapters on tectonic plates, volcanoes, erosion by water and wind, the ocean, ice and glaciers, earthquakes and tsunamis.
Ocean Island Volcanoes: Genesis, Evolution and Impact
Author: Adriano PimentelPublisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288963728X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Book Description
Ocean island volcanoes constitute some of the most prominent and rapidly-formed features on Earth, and yet they cannot be explained by conventional plate tectonics. Although typically associated with intraplate settings (hotspots), these volcanoes also occur in different geodynamic settings (near mid-ocean ridges). The nature of ocean island magmatism is still the subject of intense debate within the geological community. Traditionally it has been linked to the presence of mantle plumes at depth (e.g. Hawaii), although the interaction with plate tectonics is also recognized to play a significant role (e.g. Azores, Galápagos). Magma compositions may range from basaltic to more differentiated, which consequently is accompanied by striking changes in the eruption style from effusive-dominated to highly explosive volcanism. Understanding how these magmas evolve and how volcanic processes act at ocean island volcanoes are key issues of modern volcanology. Moreover, the growth of ocean island volcanoes from their rise on the seafloor as seamounts, to island emergence and subsequent formation of shield volcanoes (and in some cases large caldera volcanoes) is governed by multiple interrelated changes. It is well known that competing processes model ocean island volcanoes during alternating and/or coeval periods of construction and destruction. The geological evolution of these volcanoes results from the balance among volcanism, intrusions, tectonics, subsidence/uplift, mass wasting, sedimentation, and subaerial and wave erosion. A better knowledge of the interplay between these processes is crucial to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of such volcanoes, and to the eventual formulation of a unified model for ocean island evolution. Ocean islands are especially vulnerable to volcanic eruptions and other geological hazards on account of their typical small size, rough topography and isolation, which make risk management and evacuation difficult. Volcanic eruptions, in particular, may have a significant impact on local populations, infrastructures, economy and even on the global climate. It is therefore fundamental to monitor these volcanoes with complementary geophysical, geodetic and geochemical techniques in order to forecast future eruptions and their impacts. However, the assessment of volcanic hazards on ocean islands is challenging due to the large variety of phenomena involved (e.g. lava flows, tephra fallout, pyroclastic density currents, lahars, gas emissions). Different approaches are used to assess volcanic hazards, either based on empirical methods or sophisticated numerical models, focusing on a single phenomenon or the combination of different hazards. This Frontiers Research Topic aims to promote discussion within the scientific community, representing an important step forward in our knowledge of ocean island volcanoes in order to serve as a reference for future research.
Physical Factors that Impact the Faulting and Stability of Ocean Island Volcano Flanks
Author: Madeleine Jean WilnerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
Ocean island volcanoes expand laterally when their flanks slip outward along faults or, on rare occasions, when they catastrophically collapse. The south flank of Kīlauea, a volcano on the Big Island of Hawai'i, for example, slips seaward along both its basal décollement as well as along the Hilina normal fault, a potentially shallower structure interpreted from seismic profiles. Our goal was to explore the physical conditions that promote flank stability versus basal slipping or shallow faulting. With 2-D finite-difference models, we characterized fault behavior in response to variations in physical parameters, including volcanic slope, presence and location of a shoreline, frictional strength, pore-fluid pressure, and magmatic intrusions. Models successfully produced stable and unstable flanks consistent with the angle of repose for either subaerial or submarine flanks. Models also indicated that the presence of a shoreline--a dual subaerial-submarine case--as well as high pore-fluid pressure tended to destabilize the flank. Models run with magma chambers did not show that the stability of the flank depends on the presence of low viscosity bodies, but there were many variables introduced in this category and not all of them were tested for their contributions to the flank's stability.
Hawaiian Volcanoes
Author: Rebecca CareyPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118872045
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 596
Book Description
Hawaiian Volcanoes, From Source to Surface is the outcome of an AGU Chapman Conference held on the Island of Hawai‘i in August 2012. As such, this monograph contains a diversity of research results that highlight the current understanding of how Hawaiian volcanoes work and point out fundamental questions requiring additional exploration. Volume highlights include: Studies that span a range of depths within Earth, from the deep mantle to the atmosphere Methods that cross the disciplines of geochemistry, geology, and geophysics to address issues of fundamental importance to Hawai‘i’s volcanoes Data for use in comparisons with other volcanoes, which can benefit from, and contribute to, a better understanding of Hawai‘i Discussions of the current issues that need to be addressed for a better understanding of Hawaiian volcanism Hawaiian Volcanoes, From Source to Surface will be a valuable resource not only for researchers studying basaltic volcanism and scientists generally interested in volcanoes, but also students beginning their careers in geosciences. This volume will also be of great interest to igneous petrologists, geochemists, and geophysicists.