Deformation and Flank Instability of Oceanic Island Volcanoes, a Comparison of Hawaii with Atlantic Island Volcanoes PDF Download

Author: Derek Elsworth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Volcanoes
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Author: Derk Elsworth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Author: Alessandro Bonforte
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889765792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Author: Taeko Jane Takahashi
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9781411338722
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Book Description
Characteristics of Hawaiian Volcanoes establishes a benchmark for the currrent understanding of volcanism in Hawaii, and the articles herein build upon the elegant and pioneering work of Dutton, Jagger, Steams, and many other USGS and academic scientists. Each chapter synthesizes the lessons learned about a specific aspect of volcanism in Hawaii, based largely o continuous observation of eruptive activity and on systematic research into volcanic and earthquake processes during HVO's first 100 years. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNTS FOR ALREADY REDUCED SALE ITEMS.

Author: Madeleine Jean Wilner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
Ocean island volcanoes expand laterally when their flanks slip outward along faults or, on rare occasions, when they catastrophically collapse. The south flank of Kīlauea, a volcano on the Big Island of Hawai'i, for example, slips seaward along both its basal décollement as well as along the Hilina normal fault, a potentially shallower structure interpreted from seismic profiles. Our goal was to explore the physical conditions that promote flank stability versus basal slipping or shallow faulting. With 2-D finite-difference models, we characterized fault behavior in response to variations in physical parameters, including volcanic slope, presence and location of a shoreline, frictional strength, pore-fluid pressure, and magmatic intrusions. Models successfully produced stable and unstable flanks consistent with the angle of repose for either subaerial or submarine flanks. Models also indicated that the presence of a shoreline--a dual subaerial-submarine case--as well as high pore-fluid pressure tended to destabilize the flank. Models run with magma chambers did not show that the stability of the flank depends on the presence of low viscosity bodies, but there were many variables introduced in this category and not all of them were tested for their contributions to the flank's stability.

Author: Juan Carlos Carracedo
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Written by two leading scientists with special expertise on the Canary Islands, this clearly written and fully illustrated introductory guide to the largest volcanoes in Europe will be essential reading for the many geologist who visit this fascinating region.

Author: Adriano Pimentel
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288963728X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
Ocean island volcanoes constitute some of the most prominent and rapidly-formed features on Earth, and yet they cannot be explained by conventional plate tectonics. Although typically associated with intraplate settings (hotspots), these volcanoes also occur in different geodynamic settings (near mid-ocean ridges). The nature of ocean island magmatism is still the subject of intense debate within the geological community. Traditionally it has been linked to the presence of mantle plumes at depth (e.g. Hawaii), although the interaction with plate tectonics is also recognized to play a significant role (e.g. Azores, Galápagos). Magma compositions may range from basaltic to more differentiated, which consequently is accompanied by striking changes in the eruption style from effusive-dominated to highly explosive volcanism. Understanding how these magmas evolve and how volcanic processes act at ocean island volcanoes are key issues of modern volcanology. Moreover, the growth of ocean island volcanoes from their rise on the seafloor as seamounts, to island emergence and subsequent formation of shield volcanoes (and in some cases large caldera volcanoes) is governed by multiple interrelated changes. It is well known that competing processes model ocean island volcanoes during alternating and/or coeval periods of construction and destruction. The geological evolution of these volcanoes results from the balance among volcanism, intrusions, tectonics, subsidence/uplift, mass wasting, sedimentation, and subaerial and wave erosion. A better knowledge of the interplay between these processes is crucial to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of such volcanoes, and to the eventual formulation of a unified model for ocean island evolution. Ocean islands are especially vulnerable to volcanic eruptions and other geological hazards on account of their typical small size, rough topography and isolation, which make risk management and evacuation difficult. Volcanic eruptions, in particular, may have a significant impact on local populations, infrastructures, economy and even on the global climate. It is therefore fundamental to monitor these volcanoes with complementary geophysical, geodetic and geochemical techniques in order to forecast future eruptions and their impacts. However, the assessment of volcanic hazards on ocean islands is challenging due to the large variety of phenomena involved (e.g. lava flows, tephra fallout, pyroclastic density currents, lahars, gas emissions). Different approaches are used to assess volcanic hazards, either based on empirical methods or sophisticated numerical models, focusing on a single phenomenon or the combination of different hazards. This Frontiers Research Topic aims to promote discussion within the scientific community, representing an important step forward in our knowledge of ocean island volcanoes in order to serve as a reference for future research.

Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 146496369X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2981

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Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Astronomy and Astrophysics. The editors have built Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Astronomy and Astrophysics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Author: Valerio Acocella
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030659682
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568

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Book Description
Volcanoes have terrified and, at the same time, fascinated civilizations for thousands of years. Many aspects of volcanoes, most notably the eruptive processes and the compositional variations of magma, have been widely investigated for several decades and today constitute the core of any volcanology textbook. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, boosted by the availability of volcano monitoring data, there has been an increasing interest in the pre-eruptive processes related to the shallow accumulation and to the transfer of magma approaching the surface, as well as in the resulting structure of volcanoes. These are innovative and essential aspects of modern volcanology and, as driving volcanic unrest, their understanding also improves hazard assessment and eruption forecasting. So far, the significant progress made in unravelling these volcano-tectonic processes has not been supported by a comprehensive overview. This monograph aims at filling this gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized into three sections (“Fundamentals”, “Magma migration towards the surface” and “The regional perspective”), consisting of thirteen chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate hazard and forecast eruption. The potential readership includes any academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics, geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.