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Author: Simon Chu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080870953 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book contains articles presenting current knowledge about the formation and renewal of deep waters in the ocean. These articles were presented at an international workshop at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey in March 1990. It is the first book entirely devoted to the topic of deep water formation in which articles have been both selected and reviewed, and it is also the first time authors have addressed both surface and deep mixed layers. Highlighted are: past and recent observations (description and analysis), concepts and models, and modern techniques for future research. Thanks to spectacular advances realised in computing sciences over the last twenty years this volume includes a number of sophisticated numerical models. Observational as well as theoretical studies are presented and a clear distinction is established between open-ocean deep convection and shelf processes, both leading to deep- and bottom-water formation. The main subject addressed is the physical mechanism by which the deep water in the ocean can be renewed. Ventilation occurs at the surface in areas called the gills, where water is mixed and oxygenated before sinking and spreading in the abyss of the deep ocean. This phenomenon is a very active area for both experimentalists and theoreticians because of its strong implications for the understanding of the world ocean circulation and Earth climate. This major theme sheds light on specific and complex processes happening in very restricted areas still controlling three quarters of the total volume of the ocean. All articles include illustrations and a bibliography. This book will be of particular interest to physical oceanographers, earth scientists, environmentalists and climatologists.
Author: Simon Chu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080870953 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book contains articles presenting current knowledge about the formation and renewal of deep waters in the ocean. These articles were presented at an international workshop at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey in March 1990. It is the first book entirely devoted to the topic of deep water formation in which articles have been both selected and reviewed, and it is also the first time authors have addressed both surface and deep mixed layers. Highlighted are: past and recent observations (description and analysis), concepts and models, and modern techniques for future research. Thanks to spectacular advances realised in computing sciences over the last twenty years this volume includes a number of sophisticated numerical models. Observational as well as theoretical studies are presented and a clear distinction is established between open-ocean deep convection and shelf processes, both leading to deep- and bottom-water formation. The main subject addressed is the physical mechanism by which the deep water in the ocean can be renewed. Ventilation occurs at the surface in areas called the gills, where water is mixed and oxygenated before sinking and spreading in the abyss of the deep ocean. This phenomenon is a very active area for both experimentalists and theoreticians because of its strong implications for the understanding of the world ocean circulation and Earth climate. This major theme sheds light on specific and complex processes happening in very restricted areas still controlling three quarters of the total volume of the ocean. All articles include illustrations and a bibliography. This book will be of particular interest to physical oceanographers, earth scientists, environmentalists and climatologists.
Author: P. C. Chu Publisher: Elsevier Science Limited ISBN: 9780444887641 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
This book contains articles presenting current knowledge about the formation and renewal of deep waters in the ocean. These articles were presented at an international workshop at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey in March 1990. It is the first book entirely devoted to the topic of deep water formation in which articles have been both selected and reviewed, and it is also the first time authors have addressed both surface and deep mixed layers. Highlighted are: past and recent observations (description and analysis), concepts and models, and modern techniques for future research. Thanks to spectacular advances realised in computing sciences over the last twenty years this volume includes a number of sophisticated numerical models. Observational as well as theoretical studies are presented and a clear distinction is established between open-ocean deep convection and shelf processes, both leading to deep- and bottom-water formation. The main subject addressed is the physical mechanism by which the deep water in the ocean can be renewed. Ventilation occurs at the surface in areas called the gills , where water is mixed and oxygenated before sinking and spreading in the abyss of the deep ocean. This phenomenon is a very active area for both experimentalists and theoreticians because of its strong implications for the understanding of the world ocean circulation and Earth climate. This major theme sheds light on specific and complex processes happening in very restricted areas still controlling three quarters of the total volume of the ocean. All articles include illustrations and a bibliography. This book will be of particular interest to physical oceanographers, earth scientists, environmentalists and climatologists.
Author: Robert R. Dickson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402067747 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Deep-open ocean convection, the process by which vigorous vertical mixing occurs down to great depths in response to wintertime surface buoyancy losses in the sub-polar seas, is a significant mechanism of water mass transformation. The resultant newly mixed deep water masses form a component of the thermohaline circulation, and hence it is essential to understand the deep convection process if the variability of the meridional circulation, and associated climate fluctuations are to be understood. The rates at which the deep water masses are renewed depend on a complex interaction between processes of different spatial and temporal scales, including thermal plumes associated with vertical convection, baroclinic eddies, and larger scale gyre circulations. The mechanism by which these scales of motion interact and lead to mixing in both vertical and horizontal, as well as the rate at which newly mixed water leaves the formation site, are present subjects of considerable uncertainty. Our accomplishments in studying deep convection include: localization of convection by mesoscale preconditioning; demonstration of the energization of barotropic velocity field by convective interaction with pre-existing eddy field; and identification of the role of both eddies and plumes in generating density-compensated tracer variability.
Author: Sarah Marcil Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Understanding how the ocean takes up heat is crucial to improve prediction of the future global surface temperature increase. While many previous studies have evaluated the spatial distribution of heat content change across the global ocean, a complete explanation of the mechanisms responsible for this distribution remains largely unknown, and hence, we lack a measureable indicator of model performance that could help constrain future prediction. We examine a large ensemble of climate models to understand what creates the large inter-model variability in heat content change under global warming. Based on earlier studies on ocean vertical heat transfer, we hypothesize that open water deep convection is an important mechanism for the transfer of heat from the deep ocean to the atmosphere. Therefore, the cessation of convection, as predicted in future climate change scenario, would contribute to the increase of deep ocean heat content. We compare the convective volume and ocean heat content anomalies in 34 climate models of the IPCC Assessment Report 5. Most of models show signs of open water deep convection in the North Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean, and the variability in convective volume is linked to ocean heat content anomalies in individual models. In order to identify the most realistic climate models in term of these parameters, we compare the model convection against observations. While convection in some models is a robust predictor of deep ocean heat uptake, the models suggest a diversity of processes plays a role in the transfer of heat to the deep ocean." --
Author: Bernard Arata Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
It is now understood that deep convection in the ocean plays a dominant role in determining the climate of the world's oceans. Recent theoretical advances in explaining oceanic convection need to be tested by real observations. Satellite observations of deep convection regions may be a promising new tool in studying this phenomenon. This thesis examines deep convection events in two ways: To assess the characteristic elements of a deep convection event using two different prediction models based upon the turbulent kinetic energy budget. To attempt to observe deep convection phenomena signals in altimeter data. In 1987, a deep convection event was observed in the northwestern Mediterranean sea (Schott and Leaman 1991). These data, combined with GEOSAT altimeter data, were used to verify the Kraus and Turner and the Naval Postgraduate School mixed layer model predictions of the time evolution of temperature, salinity and mixed layer depth. Both models predicted final values similar to the observations, but model tuning was required to reproduce the observed rapid mixed-layer deepening. The interpolated altimeter field does not allow identification with confidence of the Mediterranean convection area. However, a locally persistent feature and the mean winter sea surface topography field agree with in-situ observations and do provide some indication about where and when the convection process occurs.
Author: Simon Chu
Author: Simon Chu
Author: P. C. Chu
Author: P. D. Killworth
Author: Robert R. Dickson
Author: 
Author: Larissa Back
Author: P. D. Killworth
Author: Sarah Marcil
Author: J. O. S. Alves
Author: Bernard Arata