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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Transnational crime is a serious threat to the international system affecting political and economic stability worldwide. Consequently, the United States National Command Authority (NCA) determined that transnational threats undermine the nations vital interests. These transnational threats are organized criminal acts that transcend national borders and are normally committed by non-state actors. Traditional diplomatic, economic and law enforcement ways and means are the primary method for fighting these threats. However, globalization, information age technology and the large profits gained from these illegal enterprises allow transnational criminal leaders to gain power by militarizing their operations. Can traditional means fight this threat or must the United States develop a decisive military force option? The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions. Is the current United States Strategy to respond and preferably preempt transnational threats sufficient? Or is there a need to develop a comprehensive decisive military force strategy that supplements the United States International Organized Crime Control Strategy (ICCS) to effectively combat transnational organized crime and the subsequent transnational threats to the International system? This paper answers first by defining the threat, and briefly reviewing the ICCS and the current Department of Defense (DOD) support to the ICCS. Then, describes a decisive military force strategy to enhance the ICCS. Next, conducts an analysis examining the case for and against the current policy as well as the case for and against the suggested decisive military force options. Finally, the paper concludes with a policy/strategy recommendation for the future.'
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Transnational crime is a serious threat to the international system affecting political and economic stability worldwide. Consequently, the United States National Command Authority (NCA) determined that transnational threats undermine the nations vital interests. These transnational threats are organized criminal acts that transcend national borders and are normally committed by non-state actors. Traditional diplomatic, economic and law enforcement ways and means are the primary method for fighting these threats. However, globalization, information age technology and the large profits gained from these illegal enterprises allow transnational criminal leaders to gain power by militarizing their operations. Can traditional means fight this threat or must the United States develop a decisive military force option? The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions. Is the current United States Strategy to respond and preferably preempt transnational threats sufficient? Or is there a need to develop a comprehensive decisive military force strategy that supplements the United States International Organized Crime Control Strategy (ICCS) to effectively combat transnational organized crime and the subsequent transnational threats to the International system? This paper answers first by defining the threat, and briefly reviewing the ICCS and the current Department of Defense (DOD) support to the ICCS. Then, describes a decisive military force strategy to enhance the ICCS. Next, conducts an analysis examining the case for and against the current policy as well as the case for and against the suggested decisive military force options. Finally, the paper concludes with a policy/strategy recommendation for the future.'
Author: Frank L. Harman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Organized crime Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
Transnational crime is a serious threat to the international system affecting political and economic stability worldwide. Consequently, the United States National Command Authority (NCA) determined that transnational threats undermine the nations vital interests. These transnational threats are organized criminal acts that transcend national borders and are normally committed by non- state actors. Traditional diplomatic, economic and law enforcement ways and means are the primary method for fighting these threats. However, globalization, information age technology and the large profits gained from these illegal enterprises allow transnational criminal leaders to gain power by militarizing their operations. Can traditional means fight this threat or must the United States develop a decisive military force option? The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions. Is the current United States Strategy to respond and preferably preempt transnational threats sufficient? Or is there a need to develop a comprehensive decisive military force strategy that supplements the United States International Organized Crime Control Strategy (ICCS) to effectively combat transnational organized crime and the subsequent transnational threats to the International system? This paper answers first by defining the threat, and briefly reviewing the ICCS and the current Department of Defense (DOD) support to the ICCS. Then, describes a decisive military force strategy to enhance the ICCS. Next, conducts an analysis examining the case for and against the current policy as well as the case for and against the suggested decisive military force options. Finally, the paper concludes with a policy/ strategy recommendation for the future.'
Author: Jennifer G. Cooke Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1442279699 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
An arc of instability stretching across Africa’s Sahel region, an area of strategic interest for the United States and its allies, is plagued by violent extremist organizations (VEOs). These organizations, including Boko Haram, al Qaeda, and other terror groups, have metastasized and present a serious threat to regional stability. Now these VEOs are transitioning. Under sustained pressure from French and regional security forces, and reeling from the loss of senior leaders, many of these groups feel backed into a corner. Despite setbacks, these groups continue to plague the region. To enhance policymakers’ understanding of these threats and how to respond to them, CSIS experts from the Africa Program and Transnational Threats Project conducted field-based and scholarly research examining the broad range of factors at play in the region. This research provides little ground for optimism. Chronic underdevelopment, political alienation, failed governance and corruption, organized crime, and spillover from Libya help foster and sustain violent extremists throughout the Sahel.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1428960821 Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
In this paper, Michael Schmitt explores the legality of the attacks against Al Qaeda and the Taliban under the "jus ad bellum," that component of international law that governs when a State may resort to force as an instrument of national policy. Although States have conducted military counterterrorist operations in the past, the scale and scope of Operation Enduring Freedom may signal a sea change in strategies to defend against terrorism. This paper explores the normative limit on counterterrorist operations. Specifically, under what circumstances can a victim State react forcibly to an act of terrorism? Against whom? When? With what degree of severity? And for how long? The author contends that the attacks against Al Qaeda were legitimate exercises of the rights of individual and collective defense. They were necessary and proportional, and once the Taliban refused to comply with U.S. and United Nations demands to turn over the terrorists located in Afghanistan, it was legally appropriate for coalition forces to enter the country for the purpose of ending the ongoing Al Qaeda terrorist campaign. However, the attacks on the Taliban were less well grounded in traditional understandings of international law. Although the Taliban were clearly in violation of their legal obligation not to allow their territory to be used as a terrorist sanctuary, the author suggests that the degree and nature of the relationship between the Taliban and Al Qaeda may not have been such that the September 11 attacks could be attributed to the Taliban, thereby disallowing strikes against them in self-defense under traditional understandings of international law. Were the attacks, therefore, illegal? Not necessarily. Over the past half-century the international community's understanding of the international law governing the use of force by States has been continuously evolving. The author presents criteria likely to drive future assessments of the legality of counterterrorist operatio7.
Author: National Intelligence Council Publisher: Cosimo Reports ISBN: 9781646794973 Category : Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author: David C. Gompert Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833090615 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
Mounting costs, risks, and public misgivings of waging war are raising the importance of U.S. power to coerce (P2C). The best P2C options are financial sanctions, support for nonviolent political opposition to hostile regimes, and offensive cyber operations. The state against which coercion is most difficult and risky is China, which also happens to pose the strongest challenge to U.S. military options in a vital region.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309284538 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
The U.S. military does not believe its soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines should be engaged in combat with adversaries on a "level playing field." Our combat individuals enter engagements to win. To that end, the United States has used its technical prowess and industrial capability to develop decisive weapons that overmatch those of potential enemies. In its current engagement-what has been identified as an "era of persistent conflict"- the nation's most important weapon is the dismounted soldier operating in small units. Today's soldier must be prepared to contend with both regular and irregular adversaries. Results in Iraq and Afghanistan show that, while the U.S. soldier is a formidable fighter, the contemporary suite of equipment and support does not afford the same high degree of overmatch capability exhibited by large weapons platforms-yet it is the soldier who ultimately will play the decisive role in restoring stability. Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields establishes the technical requirements for overmatch capability for dismounted soldiers operating individually or in small units. It prescribes technological and organizational capabilities needed to make the dismounted soldier a decisive weapon in a changing, uncertain, and complex future environment and provides the Army with 15 recommendations on how to focus its efforts to enable the soldier and tactical small unit (TSU) to achieve overmatch.
Author: Frans Osinga Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9462654190 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 538
Book Description
This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781457863349 Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Since the previous National Military Strategy (2011_, global disorder has significantly increased while some of our comparative military advantage has begun to erode. We now face multiple, simultaneous security challenges from traditional state actors and transregional networks of sub-state groups -- all taking advantage of rapid technological change. This 2015 National Military Strategy describes how the U.S. will employ our military forces to protect and advance our national interests. We must be able to rapidly adapt to new threats while maintaining comparative advantage over traditional ones. Future conflicts will come more rapidly, last longer, and take place on a much more technically challenging battlefield. Success will increasingly depend on how well our military instrument can support the other instruments of power and enable our network of allies and partners. Figures. This is a print on demand report.
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Author: Frank L. Harman
Author: Jennifer G. Cooke
Author: Carl von Clausewitz
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Author: National Intelligence Council
Author: David C. Gompert
Author: National Research Council
Author: Frans Osinga
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