Decadal to Centennial Variability of (sub-) Arctic Sea Ice Distribution and Its Paleoenvironmental Significance PDF Download

Author: Henriette Marie Kolling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Ola M. Johannessen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030213013
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 575

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This book provides in-depth information about the sea ice in the Arctic at scales from paleoenvironmental variability to more contemporary changes during the past and present centuries. The book is based on several decades of research related to sea ice in the Arctic and its variability, sea ice process studies as well as implications of the sea ice variability on human activities. The chapters provide an extensive overview of the research results related to sea ice in the Arctic at paleo-scales to more resent scales of variations as well as projections for changes during the 21st century. The authors have pioneered the satellite remote sensing monitoring of sea ice and used other monitoring data in order to study, monitor and model sea ice and its processes.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309265266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 93

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Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting the global climate system and are also affecting the global economic system as marine access to the Arctic region and natural resource development increase. Satellite data show that during each of the past six summers, sea ice cover has shrunk to its smallest in three decades. The composition of the ice is also changing, now containing a higher fraction of thin first-year ice instead of thicker multi-year ice. Understanding and projecting future sea ice conditions is important to a growing number of stakeholders, including local populations, natural resource industries, fishing communities, commercial shippers, marine tourism operators, national security organizations, regulatory agencies, and the scientific research community. However, gaps in understanding the interactions between Arctic sea ice, oceans, and the atmosphere, along with an increasing rate of change in the nature and quantity of sea ice, is hampering accurate predictions. Although modeling has steadily improved, projections by every major modeling group failed to predict the record breaking drop in summer sea ice extent in September 2012. Establishing sustained communication between the user, modeling, and observation communities could help reveal gaps in understanding, help balance the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, and ensure that resources are allocated to address the most pressing sea ice data needs. Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies explores these topics.

Author: Amélie Desmarais
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"Uncertainty in the timing of a seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean depends on uncertainty in model physics and natural variability on decadal timescales. We use the Gridded Monthly Sea Ice Extent and Concentration, 1850 Onward together with the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble to assess whether longer term variability in the CESM is well represented, particularly in the Pacific, Eurasian and Atlantic sector of the Arctic where a longer observational record exists in an attempt to provide better estimate of the uncertainty associated with natural variability for an Atlantic, Eurasian and Pacific-centric sea ice retreat. We find that sea ice decadal (8-16 years) variability in CESM is underestimated in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic, specifically in the East-Siberian Sea, slightly overestimated in the Greenland Sea and in agreement with the observational record in the Pacific sector of the Arctic. Result also show an increased variability at interannual and decadal timescales in the transition period between a perennial and a seasonally ice free Arctic. If the sea ice retreat continues to be Pacific-centric in the future, results from the CESM suggest that uncertainty in the timing of an ice-free Arctic associated with natural variability may be realistic"--

Author: Eric T. DeWeaver
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118671589
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 180. This volume addresses the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice, placing recent sea ice decline in the context of past observations, climate model simulations and projections, and simple models of the climate sensitivity of sea ice. Highlights of the work presented here include An appraisal of the role played by wind forcing in driving the decline; A reconstruction of Arctic sea ice conditions prior to human observations, based on proxy data from sediments; A modeling approach for assessing the impact of sea ice decline on polar bears, used as input to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's decision to list the polar bear as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act; Contrasting studies on the existence of a "tipping point," beyond which Arctic sea ice decline will become (or has already become) irreversible, including an examination of the role of the small ice cap instability in global warming simulations; A significant summertime atmospheric response to sea ice reduction in an atmospheric general circulation model, suggesting a positive feedback and the potential for short-term climate prediction. The book will be of interest to researchers attempting to understand the recent behavior of Arctic sea ice, model projections of future sea ice loss, and the consequences of sea ice loss for the natural and human systems of the Arctic.

Author: David N. Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470756926
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 419

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Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet’s surface, is a major component of the world’s oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is an extremely valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems. Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of the earth. The book’s editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. Sea Ice is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies on their shelves. David Thomas is at the School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. Gerhard Dieckmann is at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

Author: Torben Königk
Publisher: VDM Publishing
ISBN: 9783836408028
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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Arctic sea ice plays an important role in the global climate system due to its high reflectivity of solar radiance, isolation effects and melting- and freezing processes. Sea ice export through Fram Strait is the largest source of ice export from the Arctic into the North Atlantic Ocean. The author uses a global climate model to analyze Arctic climate variability with special focus on the Arctic sea ice export and its impact on northern hemispheric climate. The Fram Strait sea ice export shows pronounced interannual and decadal variability, which is mainly caused by variations of wind stress and sea ice thickness in Fram Strait. The physical mechanisms of these variations are investigated. Large Fram Strait sea ice export events affect oceanic and atmospheric climate conditions in the Labrador Sea one and two years later. Hence, Fram Strait sea ice export shows a high potential for predictability of climate in the Labrador Sea. This book is addressed to readers with physical and mathematical knowledge interested in Arctic climate.

Author: R. Stein
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080558852
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Although it is generally accepted that the Arctic Ocean is a very sensitive and important region for changes in the global climate, this region is the last major physiographic province of the earth whose short-and long-term geological history is much less known in comparison to other ocean regions. This lack of knowledge is mainly caused by the major technological/logistic problems in reaching this harsh, ice-covered region with normal research vessels and in retrieving long and undisturbed sediment cores. During the the last about 20 years, however, several international and multidisciplinary ship expeditions, including the first scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge in 2004, a break-through in Arctic research, were carried out into the central Artic and its surrounding shelf seas. Results from these expeditions have greatly advanced our knowledge on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironments. Published syntheses about the knowledge on Arctic Ocean geology, on the other hand, are based on data available prior to 1990. A comprehensive compilation of data on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironment and its short-and long-term variability based on the huge amount of new data including the ACEX drilling data, has not been available yet. With this book, presenting (1) detailed information on glacio-marine sedimentary processes and geological proxies used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and (2) detailed geological data on modern environments, Quaternary variability on different time scales as well as the long-term climate history during Mesozoic-Tertiary times, this gap in knowledge will be filled.*Aimed at specialists and graduates *Presents background research, recent developments, and future trends*Written by a leading scholar and industry expert

Author: Aixue Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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"Variations of the sea ice condition in the Arctic and its adjacent seas could significantly influence the earth's climate. Recent observations show that both sea ice and oceanic properties in the polar and sub-polar seas are undergoing significant changes. In this study, by applying a coupled sea ice-ocean model- the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model and the elastic-viscous-plastic dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model and the NCEP INCAR reanalysis data, the changes of the Arctic sea ice caused by the NAO-related atmospheric anomalies and the response of the oceanic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) to these changes are investigated. Model solutions indicate that the Arctic sea ice varies with the atmospheric transients. The summer minimum sea ice extent in the high NAO case reduces about 17% of that in the low NAO case. The largest reduction in multi-year ice extent is along the Siberian coast region. Horizontally, ice is about 1 to 2 m thicker (thinner) at Eurasian coast- (Canadian) side of the Arctic in low NAO years relative to that in high NAO years. Sea ice export from Arctic through Fram Strait is about 5474 km3 per year in high NAO years, more than doubled of that in low NAO years. This high efflux is mainly caused by the increased strength of the wind forcing. The rate of the net sea ice production in the high NAO case is about 10 times as that in the low NAO case along the Siberian and Alaskan coasts, and 2 to 3 times in the other regions. The high rate of ice production is related to the efficient sea ice transport and the low ice compactness. It is worth mentioning that in the model solution, a net sea ice influx from the Barents Sea to the Arctic basin makes up 15 to 18% of the ice efflux at Fram Strait. The ice efflux at Fram Strait follows the NAO transients without any noticeable time lag. The strength of the MOC is 16.2, 13.4 and 12.3 Sv in the high NAO, climatic and low NAO cases, respectively. The rate of dense water formation in the high NAO case is about 3 Sv higher than that in the low NAO case in the Labrador Sea and south of the Denmark Strait region, and 1 Sv weaker in the Greenland Sea. The overall dense water formation is almost the same in the ice related marginal seas. Model solutions also show that the longterm persistent atmospheric anomalies are important for generating systematic MOC variations. MOC also responds quickly to the decadal timescale atmospheric fluctuations. Because the adjustment timescale of the MOC is long, the response of the MOC to the NAO transients is sensitive to the initial state of the forcing fields"--Leaves i, ii.

Author: Christophe Kinnard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arctic regions
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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