De la physique stellaire à la physique galactique : formation, évolution et pulsations stellaires. Modèles galactiques PDF Download
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Book Description
La première partie de cette thèse traite de l'étude d'étoiles appelées Céphéides. Ces étoiles variables sont intéressantes notamment par la relation qui lie leur période de pulsation et leur luminosité. Cette relation fait des Céphéides un outil indispensable pour la mesure des distances et la mesure de la constante de Hubble. L'étude présentée ici prend en compte l'évolution stellaire, une analyse de stabilité linéaire, des modèles d'atmosphère et des spectres synthétiques. Ceci permet de déterminer de manière complètement cohérente les relations période-magnitude dans différents domaines de longueurs d'onde. Au cours de cette étude, j'ai pu montrer notamment que la métallicité a un faible effet sur la relation période-magnitude, en particulier dans le domaine des grandes longueurs d'onde. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse sont exposés les calculs permettant de contraindre la répartition et la masse de la matière noire baryonique Galactique, en utilisant les microlentilles gravitationnelles. J'ai étudié l'influence de la fonction de masse, en particulier dans le domaine sub-stellaire, sur l'histogramme des durées attendues des évènements microlentilles. J'ai aussi quantifié l'effet du blending sur ces mêmes histogrammes et sur la profondeur optique qui en découle. Enfin, à la suite de cette dernière partie, j'ai été amené à m'intéresser à la formation des premières étoiles de l'Univers. La fin de ce manuscript présente de début de cette étude.
Book Description
La première partie de cette thèse traite de l'étude d'étoiles appelées Céphéides. Ces étoiles variables sont intéressantes notamment par la relation qui lie leur période de pulsation et leur luminosité. Cette relation fait des Céphéides un outil indispensable pour la mesure des distances et la mesure de la constante de Hubble. L'étude présentée ici prend en compte l'évolution stellaire, une analyse de stabilité linéaire, des modèles d'atmosphère et des spectres synthétiques. Ceci permet de déterminer de manière complètement cohérente les relations période-magnitude dans différents domaines de longueurs d'onde. Au cours de cette étude, j'ai pu montrer notamment que la métallicité a un faible effet sur la relation période-magnitude, en particulier dans le domaine des grandes longueurs d'onde. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse sont exposés les calculs permettant de contraindre la répartition et la masse de la matière noire baryonique Galactique, en utilisant les microlentilles gravitationnelles. J'ai étudié l'influence de la fonction de masse, en particulier dans le domaine sub-stellaire, sur l'histogramme des durées attendues des évènements microlentilles. J'ai aussi quantifié l'effet du blending sur ces mêmes histogrammes et sur la profondeur optique qui en découle. Enfin, à la suite de cette dernière partie, j'ai été amené à m'intéresser à la formation des premières étoiles de l'Univers. La fin de ce manuscript présente de début de cette étude.
Author: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527345558 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 790
Book Description
This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Author: N. Epchtein Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Outstanding progress in near-infrared detection technology and in real-time image processing has led astronomers to start undertaking all-sky surveys in the 1--2 mum range (project DENIS in Europe and 2MASS in the U.S.A.), surveys which will have a considerable impact in various areas of astronomy. This book gathers the contributions of more than 80 specialists involved in fields of interest as different as low mass stars, late stages of stellar evolution, star formation, stellar populations of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, the local structure of the Universe, and observational cosmology. It describes the impact on these fields of the exhaustive data bases and catalogs of stars and galaxies that these surveys will provide. The considerable interest of these documents for the future of infrared space and ground-based projects and the complementarity with other currently ongoing or planned surveys in other spectral ranges are emphasized.
Author: F. Matteucci Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792366799 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 644
Book Description
This review of the most up-to-date observational and theoretical information concerning the chemical evolution of the Milky Way compares the abundances derived from field stars and clusters, giving information on the abundances and dynamics of gas.
Author: Wallace H. Tucker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Beyond the range of optical perception--and of ordinary imaginings--a new and violent universe lay undetected until the advent of space exploration. Supernovae, black holes, quasars and pulsars--these were the secrets of the highenergy world revealed when, for the first time, astronomers attached their instruments to rockets and lofted them beyond the earth's x-ray-absorbing atmosphere. The X-Ray Universe is the story of these explorations and the fantastic new science they brought into being. It is a first-hand account: Riccardo Giacconi is one of the principal pioneers of the field, and Wallace Tucker is a theorist who worked closely with him at many critical periods. The book carries the reader from the early days of the Naval Research Laboratory through the era of V-2 rocketry, Sputnik, and the birth of NASA, to the launching of the Einstein X-Ray Observatory. But this is by no means just a history. Behind the suspenseful, sometimes humorous details of human personality grappling with high technology lies a sophisticated exposition of current cosmology and astrophysics, from the rise and fall of the steady-state theory to the search for the missing mass of the universe.
Author: J.A. Holtet Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400952953 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
These proceedings are based upon introductory talks, research reports and discussions from the NATO Advanced Workshop on the "Morphology and Dynamics of the Polar Cusp", held at Lillehammer, Norway, 7-12 May, 1984. The upper atmosphere at high latitudes is called the "Earth's win dow to outer space". Through various electrodynamic coupling process es as well as through direct transfer of particles many geophysical effects displayed there are direct manifestations of phenomena occurring in the deep space. The high latitude ionosphere will also exert a feedback on the regions of the magnetosphere and atmosphere to which it is coupled, acting as a momentum and energy source and sink, and a source of particles. Of particular interest are the sections of the near space known as the Polar Cusp. A vast portion of the earth's magnetic field envelope is electrically connected to these regions. This geometry results in a spatial mapping of the magnetospheric pro cesses and a focusing on to the ionosphere. In the Polar Cusps the solar wind plasma has also direct access to the upper atmosphere. The polar regions are thus of extreme importance when it comes to under standing the physical processes in the near space and their effect on our environment. The Introductory Talks given at this workshop provided a common background for discussing and understanding the physics of the Polar Cusp. By this book we will make the information which thus was provid ed to the participants of the workshop accessible to a wider audience.
Author: Johannes Andersen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331996965X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) was founded in 1919, in the wake of the First World War, together with its sister Unions in related natural sciences. It will thus turn 100 years in 2019. Written by a mixed team of insiders and outsiders, this book presents the IAU in the changing context of the historical, scientific and technological development of astronomy during the past 100 years. While much important scientific progress took place already before 1945, the book naturally focuses on the accelerating evolution during the second half of the century. In the past few decades, the previously narrow IAU focus on organising professional astronomy has broadened to include societally relevant activities such as addressing the hazard of asteroid impacts, the planetary status of Pluto in the Solar System, and the hugely successful International Year of Astronomy. Most recently, it is spearheading a combination of science literacy and public outreach. The book will be of interest to professional astronomers as well as an astronomically interested general audience. The book features live personal interviews with as many of the key actors as still possible.
Author: W.B. Burton Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540316299 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
The previous Saas-Fee Advanced Course dedicated to the interstellar medium took place in 1972. The tremendous scientific advances that have occurred in this field since then, in particular owing to the availabihty of receivers working at completely unexplored wavelength bands, fuUy justified a new set of lectures. As a consequence, the members of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and As tronomy voted that "The Galactic Interstellar Medium" should be the subject of the 1991 course. The 21st Saas Fee Advanced Course took place in Les Diablerets from 18 to 23 March 1991, gathering together about 80 participants from all over the world, but mostly from Europe. According to a rule that has proved to lead to success, but also to chal lenge the lecturers' energy, the format of a Saas-Fee Advanced Course consists traditionally of 28 lectures of 45 minutes which take place in the morning and late afternoon, leaving ample time for discussions, self-study, hiking or skiing. Despite the inordinate work load imposed, this year's lecturers felt that the subject was sufficiently dense to increase the lecture time by 1/3! This proved judicious and left more time for questions and discussions during the lectures.
Author: Yann Alibert
Author: Yann Alibert
Author: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Author: N. Epchtein
Author: F. Matteucci
Author: Wallace H. Tucker
Author: J.A. Holtet
Author: Johannes Andersen
Author: Gerry Neugebauer
Author: Goddard Space Flight Center
Author: W.B. Burton