Author: John Ladley
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128158328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Managing data continues to grow as a necessity for modern organizations. There are seemingly infinite opportunities for organic growth, reduction of costs, and creation of new products and services. It has become apparent that none of these opportunities can happen smoothly without data governance. The cost of exponential data growth and privacy / security concerns are becoming burdensome. Organizations will encounter unexpected consequences in new sources of risk. The solution to these challenges is also data governance; ensuring balance between risk and opportunity. Data Governance, Second Edition, is for any executive, manager or data professional who needs to understand or implement a data governance program. It is required to ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organization. This book offers an overview of why data governance is needed, how to design, initiate, and execute a program and how to keep the program sustainable. This valuable resource provides comprehensive guidance to beginning professionals, managers or analysts looking to improve their processes, and advanced students in Data Management and related courses. With the provided framework and case studies all professionals in the data governance field will gain key insights into launching successful and money-saving data governance program. - Incorporates industry changes, lessons learned and new approaches - Explores various ways in which data analysts and managers can ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organizations - Includes new case studies which detail real-world situations - Explores all of the capabilities an organization must adopt to become data driven - Provides guidance on various approaches to data governance, to determine whether an organization should be low profile, central controlled, agile, or traditional - Provides guidance on using technology and separating vendor hype from sincere delivery of necessary capabilities - Offers readers insights into how their organizations can improve the value of their data, through data quality, data strategy and data literacy - Provides up to 75% brand-new content compared to the first edition
Data Governance
Author: John Ladley
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128158328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Managing data continues to grow as a necessity for modern organizations. There are seemingly infinite opportunities for organic growth, reduction of costs, and creation of new products and services. It has become apparent that none of these opportunities can happen smoothly without data governance. The cost of exponential data growth and privacy / security concerns are becoming burdensome. Organizations will encounter unexpected consequences in new sources of risk. The solution to these challenges is also data governance; ensuring balance between risk and opportunity. Data Governance, Second Edition, is for any executive, manager or data professional who needs to understand or implement a data governance program. It is required to ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organization. This book offers an overview of why data governance is needed, how to design, initiate, and execute a program and how to keep the program sustainable. This valuable resource provides comprehensive guidance to beginning professionals, managers or analysts looking to improve their processes, and advanced students in Data Management and related courses. With the provided framework and case studies all professionals in the data governance field will gain key insights into launching successful and money-saving data governance program. - Incorporates industry changes, lessons learned and new approaches - Explores various ways in which data analysts and managers can ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organizations - Includes new case studies which detail real-world situations - Explores all of the capabilities an organization must adopt to become data driven - Provides guidance on various approaches to data governance, to determine whether an organization should be low profile, central controlled, agile, or traditional - Provides guidance on using technology and separating vendor hype from sincere delivery of necessary capabilities - Offers readers insights into how their organizations can improve the value of their data, through data quality, data strategy and data literacy - Provides up to 75% brand-new content compared to the first edition
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128158328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Managing data continues to grow as a necessity for modern organizations. There are seemingly infinite opportunities for organic growth, reduction of costs, and creation of new products and services. It has become apparent that none of these opportunities can happen smoothly without data governance. The cost of exponential data growth and privacy / security concerns are becoming burdensome. Organizations will encounter unexpected consequences in new sources of risk. The solution to these challenges is also data governance; ensuring balance between risk and opportunity. Data Governance, Second Edition, is for any executive, manager or data professional who needs to understand or implement a data governance program. It is required to ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organization. This book offers an overview of why data governance is needed, how to design, initiate, and execute a program and how to keep the program sustainable. This valuable resource provides comprehensive guidance to beginning professionals, managers or analysts looking to improve their processes, and advanced students in Data Management and related courses. With the provided framework and case studies all professionals in the data governance field will gain key insights into launching successful and money-saving data governance program. - Incorporates industry changes, lessons learned and new approaches - Explores various ways in which data analysts and managers can ensure consistent, accurate and reliable data across their organizations - Includes new case studies which detail real-world situations - Explores all of the capabilities an organization must adopt to become data driven - Provides guidance on various approaches to data governance, to determine whether an organization should be low profile, central controlled, agile, or traditional - Provides guidance on using technology and separating vendor hype from sincere delivery of necessary capabilities - Offers readers insights into how their organizations can improve the value of their data, through data quality, data strategy and data literacy - Provides up to 75% brand-new content compared to the first edition
DAMA-DMBOK
Author: Dama International
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781634622349
Category : Database management
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
Defining a set of guiding principles for data management and describing how these principles can be applied within data management functional areas; Providing a functional framework for the implementation of enterprise data management practices; including widely adopted practices, methods and techniques, functions, roles, deliverables and metrics; Establishing a common vocabulary for data management concepts and serving as the basis for best practices for data management professionals. DAMA-DMBOK2 provides data management and IT professionals, executives, knowledge workers, educators, and researchers with a framework to manage their data and mature their information infrastructure, based on these principles: Data is an asset with unique properties; The value of data can be and should be expressed in economic terms; Managing data means managing the quality of data; It takes metadata to manage data; It takes planning to manage data; Data management is cross-functional and requires a range of skills and expertise; Data management requires an enterprise perspective; Data management must account for a range of perspectives; Data management is data lifecycle management; Different types of data have different lifecycle requirements; Managing data includes managing risks associated with data; Data management requirements must drive information technology decisions; Effective data management requires leadership commitment.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781634622349
Category : Database management
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
Defining a set of guiding principles for data management and describing how these principles can be applied within data management functional areas; Providing a functional framework for the implementation of enterprise data management practices; including widely adopted practices, methods and techniques, functions, roles, deliverables and metrics; Establishing a common vocabulary for data management concepts and serving as the basis for best practices for data management professionals. DAMA-DMBOK2 provides data management and IT professionals, executives, knowledge workers, educators, and researchers with a framework to manage their data and mature their information infrastructure, based on these principles: Data is an asset with unique properties; The value of data can be and should be expressed in economic terms; Managing data means managing the quality of data; It takes metadata to manage data; It takes planning to manage data; Data management is cross-functional and requires a range of skills and expertise; Data management requires an enterprise perspective; Data management must account for a range of perspectives; Data management is data lifecycle management; Different types of data have different lifecycle requirements; Managing data includes managing risks associated with data; Data management requirements must drive information technology decisions; Effective data management requires leadership commitment.
Disrupting Data Governance
Author: Laura Madsen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781634626521
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Data governance is broken. It's time we fix it. Why is data governance so ineffective? The truth is data governance programs aren't designed for the way we run our data teams they aren't even designed for a modern organization at all. They were designed when reports still came through inter-office mail. The flow of data into within and out of today's organizations is a tsunami breaking through rigid data governance methods. Yet our programs still rely on that command and control approach. Have you ever tried to control a tsunami? Every organization that uses data knows that they need a data governance program. Data literacy efforts and legislation like GDPR have become the bellwethers for our governance functions. But we still sit in data governance meetings without enough people and too many questions to move things forward. There's no agility to the program because we imply a degree of frailty to the data that doesn't exist. We continue to insist on archaic methods that bring no value to our organizations. Achieving deep insights from data can't happen without good governance practices. Laura Madsen shows you how to redefine governance for the modern age. With a casual witty style Madsen taps on her decades of experience shares interviews with other best-in-field experts and grounds her perspective in research. Witness where it all fell apart challenge long-held beliefs and commit to a fundamental shift--that governance is not about stopping or preventing usage but about supporting the usage of data. Be able to bring back trust and value to our data governance functions and learn the: People-driven approach to governance Processes that support the tsunami of data Cutting edge technology that's enabling data governance
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781634626521
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Data governance is broken. It's time we fix it. Why is data governance so ineffective? The truth is data governance programs aren't designed for the way we run our data teams they aren't even designed for a modern organization at all. They were designed when reports still came through inter-office mail. The flow of data into within and out of today's organizations is a tsunami breaking through rigid data governance methods. Yet our programs still rely on that command and control approach. Have you ever tried to control a tsunami? Every organization that uses data knows that they need a data governance program. Data literacy efforts and legislation like GDPR have become the bellwethers for our governance functions. But we still sit in data governance meetings without enough people and too many questions to move things forward. There's no agility to the program because we imply a degree of frailty to the data that doesn't exist. We continue to insist on archaic methods that bring no value to our organizations. Achieving deep insights from data can't happen without good governance practices. Laura Madsen shows you how to redefine governance for the modern age. With a casual witty style Madsen taps on her decades of experience shares interviews with other best-in-field experts and grounds her perspective in research. Witness where it all fell apart challenge long-held beliefs and commit to a fundamental shift--that governance is not about stopping or preventing usage but about supporting the usage of data. Be able to bring back trust and value to our data governance functions and learn the: People-driven approach to governance Processes that support the tsunami of data Cutting edge technology that's enabling data governance
Data Quality
Author: Rupa Mahanti
Publisher: Quality Press
ISBN: 0873899776
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
This is not the kind of book that youll read one time and be done with. So scan it quickly the first time through to get an idea of its breadth. Then dig in on one topic of special importance to your work. Finally, use it as a reference to guide your next steps, learn details, and broaden your perspective. from the foreword by Thomas C. Redman, Ph.D., the Data Doc Good data is a source of myriad opportunities, while bad data is a tremendous burden. Companies that manage their data effectively are able to achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace, while bad data, like cancer, can weaken and kill an organization. In this comprehensive book, Rupa Mahanti provides guidance on the different aspects of data quality with the aim to be able to improve data quality. Specifically, the book addresses: -Causes of bad data quality, bad data quality impacts, and importance of data quality to justify the case for data quality-Butterfly effect of data quality-A detailed description of data quality dimensions and their measurement-Data quality strategy approach-Six Sigma - DMAIC approach to data quality-Data quality management techniques-Data quality in relation to data initiatives like data migration, MDM, data governance, etc.-Data quality myths, challenges, and critical success factorsStudents, academicians, professionals, and researchers can all use the content in this book to further their knowledge and get guidance on their own specific projects. It balances technical details (for example, SQL statements, relational database components, data quality dimensions measurements) and higher-level qualitative discussions (cost of data quality, data quality strategy, data quality maturity, the case made for data quality, and so on) with case studies, illustrations, and real-world examples throughout.
Publisher: Quality Press
ISBN: 0873899776
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
This is not the kind of book that youll read one time and be done with. So scan it quickly the first time through to get an idea of its breadth. Then dig in on one topic of special importance to your work. Finally, use it as a reference to guide your next steps, learn details, and broaden your perspective. from the foreword by Thomas C. Redman, Ph.D., the Data Doc Good data is a source of myriad opportunities, while bad data is a tremendous burden. Companies that manage their data effectively are able to achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace, while bad data, like cancer, can weaken and kill an organization. In this comprehensive book, Rupa Mahanti provides guidance on the different aspects of data quality with the aim to be able to improve data quality. Specifically, the book addresses: -Causes of bad data quality, bad data quality impacts, and importance of data quality to justify the case for data quality-Butterfly effect of data quality-A detailed description of data quality dimensions and their measurement-Data quality strategy approach-Six Sigma - DMAIC approach to data quality-Data quality management techniques-Data quality in relation to data initiatives like data migration, MDM, data governance, etc.-Data quality myths, challenges, and critical success factorsStudents, academicians, professionals, and researchers can all use the content in this book to further their knowledge and get guidance on their own specific projects. It balances technical details (for example, SQL statements, relational database components, data quality dimensions measurements) and higher-level qualitative discussions (cost of data quality, data quality strategy, data quality maturity, the case made for data quality, and so on) with case studies, illustrations, and real-world examples throughout.
Data Management for Researchers
Author: Kristin Briney
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 178427013X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to everything scientists need to know about data management, this book is essential for researchers who need to learn how to organize, document and take care of their own data. Researchers in all disciplines are faced with the challenge of managing the growing amounts of digital data that are the foundation of their research. Kristin Briney offers practical advice and clearly explains policies and principles, in an accessible and in-depth text that will allow researchers to understand and achieve the goal of better research data management. Data Management for Researchers includes sections on: * The data problem – an introduction to the growing importance and challenges of using digital data in research. Covers both the inherent problems with managing digital information, as well as how the research landscape is changing to give more value to research datasets and code. * The data lifecycle – a framework for data’s place within the research process and how data’s role is changing. Greater emphasis on data sharing and data reuse will not only change the way we conduct research but also how we manage research data. * Planning for data management – covers the many aspects of data management and how to put them together in a data management plan. This section also includes sample data management plans. * Documenting your data – an often overlooked part of the data management process, but one that is critical to good management; data without documentation are frequently unusable. * Organizing your data – explains how to keep your data in order using organizational systems and file naming conventions. This section also covers using a database to organize and analyze content. * Improving data analysis – covers managing information through the analysis process. This section starts by comparing the management of raw and analyzed data and then describes ways to make analysis easier, such as spreadsheet best practices. It also examines practices for research code, including version control systems. * Managing secure and private data – many researchers are dealing with data that require extra security. This section outlines what data falls into this category and some of the policies that apply, before addressing the best practices for keeping data secure. * Short-term storage – deals with the practical matters of storage and backup and covers the many options available. This section also goes through the best practices to insure that data are not lost. * Preserving and archiving your data – digital data can have a long life if properly cared for. This section covers managing data in the long term including choosing good file formats and media, as well as determining who will manage the data after the end of the project. * Sharing/publishing your data – addresses how to make data sharing across research groups easier, as well as how and why to publicly share data. This section covers intellectual property and licenses for datasets, before ending with the altmetrics that measure the impact of publicly shared data. * Reusing data – as more data are shared, it becomes possible to use outside data in your research. This chapter discusses strategies for finding datasets and lays out how to cite data once you have found it. This book is designed for active scientific researchers but it is useful for anyone who wants to get more from their data: academics, educators, professionals or anyone who teaches data management, sharing and preservation. "An excellent practical treatise on the art and practice of data management, this book is essential to any researcher, regardless of subject or discipline." —Robert Buntrock, Chemical Information Bulletin
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 178427013X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to everything scientists need to know about data management, this book is essential for researchers who need to learn how to organize, document and take care of their own data. Researchers in all disciplines are faced with the challenge of managing the growing amounts of digital data that are the foundation of their research. Kristin Briney offers practical advice and clearly explains policies and principles, in an accessible and in-depth text that will allow researchers to understand and achieve the goal of better research data management. Data Management for Researchers includes sections on: * The data problem – an introduction to the growing importance and challenges of using digital data in research. Covers both the inherent problems with managing digital information, as well as how the research landscape is changing to give more value to research datasets and code. * The data lifecycle – a framework for data’s place within the research process and how data’s role is changing. Greater emphasis on data sharing and data reuse will not only change the way we conduct research but also how we manage research data. * Planning for data management – covers the many aspects of data management and how to put them together in a data management plan. This section also includes sample data management plans. * Documenting your data – an often overlooked part of the data management process, but one that is critical to good management; data without documentation are frequently unusable. * Organizing your data – explains how to keep your data in order using organizational systems and file naming conventions. This section also covers using a database to organize and analyze content. * Improving data analysis – covers managing information through the analysis process. This section starts by comparing the management of raw and analyzed data and then describes ways to make analysis easier, such as spreadsheet best practices. It also examines practices for research code, including version control systems. * Managing secure and private data – many researchers are dealing with data that require extra security. This section outlines what data falls into this category and some of the policies that apply, before addressing the best practices for keeping data secure. * Short-term storage – deals with the practical matters of storage and backup and covers the many options available. This section also goes through the best practices to insure that data are not lost. * Preserving and archiving your data – digital data can have a long life if properly cared for. This section covers managing data in the long term including choosing good file formats and media, as well as determining who will manage the data after the end of the project. * Sharing/publishing your data – addresses how to make data sharing across research groups easier, as well as how and why to publicly share data. This section covers intellectual property and licenses for datasets, before ending with the altmetrics that measure the impact of publicly shared data. * Reusing data – as more data are shared, it becomes possible to use outside data in your research. This chapter discusses strategies for finding datasets and lays out how to cite data once you have found it. This book is designed for active scientific researchers but it is useful for anyone who wants to get more from their data: academics, educators, professionals or anyone who teaches data management, sharing and preservation. "An excellent practical treatise on the art and practice of data management, this book is essential to any researcher, regardless of subject or discipline." —Robert Buntrock, Chemical Information Bulletin
Data Strategy
Author: Bernard Marr
Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers
ISBN: 0749479868
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
BRONZE RUNNER UP: Axiom Awards 2018 - Business Technology Category Less than 0.5 per cent of all data is currently analyzed and used. However, business leaders and managers cannot afford to be unconcerned or sceptical about data. Data is revolutionizing the way we work and it is the companies that view data as a strategic asset that will survive and thrive. Data Strategy is a must-have guide to creating a robust data strategy. Explaining how to identify your strategic data needs, what methods to use to collect the data and, most importantly, how to translate your data into organizational insights for improved business decision-making and performance, this is essential reading for anyone aiming to leverage the value of their business data and gain competitive advantage. Packed with case studies and real-world examples, advice on how to build data competencies in an organization and crucial coverage of how to ensure your data doesn't become a liability, Data Strategy will equip any organization with the tools and strategies it needs to profit from Big Data, analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers
ISBN: 0749479868
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
BRONZE RUNNER UP: Axiom Awards 2018 - Business Technology Category Less than 0.5 per cent of all data is currently analyzed and used. However, business leaders and managers cannot afford to be unconcerned or sceptical about data. Data is revolutionizing the way we work and it is the companies that view data as a strategic asset that will survive and thrive. Data Strategy is a must-have guide to creating a robust data strategy. Explaining how to identify your strategic data needs, what methods to use to collect the data and, most importantly, how to translate your data into organizational insights for improved business decision-making and performance, this is essential reading for anyone aiming to leverage the value of their business data and gain competitive advantage. Packed with case studies and real-world examples, advice on how to build data competencies in an organization and crucial coverage of how to ensure your data doesn't become a liability, Data Strategy will equip any organization with the tools and strategies it needs to profit from Big Data, analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Data Strategy in Colleges and Universities
Author: Kristina Powers
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 042979441X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 175
Book Description
This valuable resource helps institutional leaders understand and implement a data strategy at their college or university that maximizes benefits to all creators and users of data. Exploring key considerations necessary for coordination of fragmented resources and the development of an effective, cohesive data strategy, this book brings together professionals from different higher education experiences and perspectives, including academic, administration, institutional research, information technology, and student affairs. Focusing on critical elements of data strategy and governance, each chapter in Data Strategy in Colleges and Universities helps higher education leaders address a frustrating problem with much-needed solutions for fostering a collaborative, data-driven strategy.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 042979441X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 175
Book Description
This valuable resource helps institutional leaders understand and implement a data strategy at their college or university that maximizes benefits to all creators and users of data. Exploring key considerations necessary for coordination of fragmented resources and the development of an effective, cohesive data strategy, this book brings together professionals from different higher education experiences and perspectives, including academic, administration, institutional research, information technology, and student affairs. Focusing on critical elements of data strategy and governance, each chapter in Data Strategy in Colleges and Universities helps higher education leaders address a frustrating problem with much-needed solutions for fostering a collaborative, data-driven strategy.
Non-Invasive Data Governance
Author: Robert S. Seiner
Publisher: Technics Publications
ISBN: 1634620453
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 147
Book Description
Data-governance programs focus on authority and accountability for the management of data as a valued organizational asset. Data Governance should not be about command-and-control, yet at times could become invasive or threatening to the work, people and culture of an organization. Non-Invasive Data Governance™ focuses on formalizing existing accountability for the management of data and improving formal communications, protection, and quality efforts through effective stewarding of data resources. Non-Invasive Data Governance will provide you with a complete set of tools to help you deliver a successful data governance program. Learn how: • Steward responsibilities can be identified and recognized, formalized, and engaged according to their existing responsibility rather than being assigned or handed to people as more work. • Governance of information can be applied to existing policies, standard operating procedures, practices, and methodologies, rather than being introduced or emphasized as new processes or methods. • Governance of information can support all data integration, risk management, business intelligence and master data management activities rather than imposing inconsistent rigor to these initiatives. • A practical and non-threatening approach can be applied to governing information and promoting stewardship of data as a cross-organization asset. • Best practices and key concepts of this non-threatening approach can be communicated effectively to leverage strengths and address opportunities to improve.
Publisher: Technics Publications
ISBN: 1634620453
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 147
Book Description
Data-governance programs focus on authority and accountability for the management of data as a valued organizational asset. Data Governance should not be about command-and-control, yet at times could become invasive or threatening to the work, people and culture of an organization. Non-Invasive Data Governance™ focuses on formalizing existing accountability for the management of data and improving formal communications, protection, and quality efforts through effective stewarding of data resources. Non-Invasive Data Governance will provide you with a complete set of tools to help you deliver a successful data governance program. Learn how: • Steward responsibilities can be identified and recognized, formalized, and engaged according to their existing responsibility rather than being assigned or handed to people as more work. • Governance of information can be applied to existing policies, standard operating procedures, practices, and methodologies, rather than being introduced or emphasized as new processes or methods. • Governance of information can support all data integration, risk management, business intelligence and master data management activities rather than imposing inconsistent rigor to these initiatives. • A practical and non-threatening approach can be applied to governing information and promoting stewardship of data as a cross-organization asset. • Best practices and key concepts of this non-threatening approach can be communicated effectively to leverage strengths and address opportunities to improve.
Data Governance
Author: Dimitrios Sargiotis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031672682
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031672682
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management
Author: Dama International
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781935504122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
A glossary of over 2,000 terms which provides a common data management vocabulary for IT and Business professionals, and is a companion to the DAMA Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA-DMBOK). Topics include: Analytics & Data Mining Architecture Artificial Intelligence Business Analysis DAMA & Professional Development Databases & Database Design Database Administration Data Governance & Stewardship Data Management Data Modeling Data Movement & Integration Data Quality Management Data Security Management Data Warehousing & Business Intelligence Document, Record & Content Management Finance & Accounting Geospatial Data Knowledge Management Marketing & Customer Relationship Management Meta-Data Management Multi-dimensional & OLAP Normalization Object-Orientation Parallel Database Processing Planning Process Management Project Management Reference & Master Data Management Semantic Modeling Software Development Standards Organizations Structured Query Language (SQL) XML Development
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781935504122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
A glossary of over 2,000 terms which provides a common data management vocabulary for IT and Business professionals, and is a companion to the DAMA Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA-DMBOK). Topics include: Analytics & Data Mining Architecture Artificial Intelligence Business Analysis DAMA & Professional Development Databases & Database Design Database Administration Data Governance & Stewardship Data Management Data Modeling Data Movement & Integration Data Quality Management Data Security Management Data Warehousing & Business Intelligence Document, Record & Content Management Finance & Accounting Geospatial Data Knowledge Management Marketing & Customer Relationship Management Meta-Data Management Multi-dimensional & OLAP Normalization Object-Orientation Parallel Database Processing Planning Process Management Project Management Reference & Master Data Management Semantic Modeling Software Development Standards Organizations Structured Query Language (SQL) XML Development