Cytogenomics: Structural Organization and Evolution of Genomes PDF Download

Author: Ricardo Utsunomia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889764915
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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Author: Giorgio Bernardi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080461875
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 459

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Book Description
Structural genomics is the study of the DNA of living organisms. Evolutionary genomics is the study of the history of the genome. These subjects are closely interlinked. They are approached in this book using as a guideline the investigations carried out in the author's laboratory, relevant literature is critically reviewed and some general conclusions are presented. The author and his collaborators have studied a vast number of genomes, ranging from prokaryotes to human, using different approaches, including physical chemistry of DNA, viral integration and molecular cytogenetics. As the subtitle indicates the book discusses the fundamental importance of natural selection in shaping genomes. In terms of numbers, neutral and nearly neutral mutations represent most mutations, but a "regional" control is exerted by natural selection (essentially negative or purifying selection). A "neo-selectionist" model is proposed for genome evolution. · Summarizes the existing knowledge on genome organization and evolution in a self-contained book · Discusses important open problem, without refraining from criticism whenever appropriate

Author: Marcelo L. Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838804056
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
Cytogenetics - Past, Present, and Further Perspectives discusses events that influenced the development of cytogenetics as a specialty within biology, with special attention paid to methodological achievements developed worldwide that have driven the field forward. Improvements to the resolution of chromosome analysis followed closely the introduction of innovative analytical technologies. In that sense, this book reviews and provides a brief account of the structure of chromosomes and stresses the high structural conservation in different species with an emphasis on aspects that require further research. However, it should be kept in mind that the future of cytogenetics will likely depend on improved knowledge of chromosome structure and function.

Author: Hank Bass
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387708693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Book Description
This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes; plant chromosome structure; functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. We hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. Hank W. Bass is a Professor in the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University. James A. Birchler is a Professor in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri.

Author: Thomas Liehr
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128235802
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430

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Book Description
Cytogenomics demonstrates that chromosomes are crucial in understanding the human genome and that new high-throughput approaches are central to advancing cytogenetics in the 21st century. After an introduction to (molecular) cytogenetics, being the basic of all cytogenomic research, this book highlights the strengths and newfound advantages of cytogenomic research methods and technologies, enabling researchers to jump-start their own projects and more effectively gather and interpret chromosomal data. Methods discussed include banding and molecular cytogenetics, molecular combing, molecular karyotyping, next-generation sequencing, epigenetic study approaches, optical mapping/karyomapping, and CRISPR-cas9 applications for cytogenomics. The book’s second half demonstrates recent applications of cytogenomic techniques, such as characterizing 3D chromosome structure across different tissue types and insights into multilayer organization of chromosomes, role of repetitive elements and noncoding RNAs in human genome, studies in topologically associated domains, interchromosomal interactions, and chromoanagenesis. This book is an important reference source for researchers, students, basic and translational scientists, and clinicians in the areas of human genetics, genomics, reproductive medicine, gynecology, obstetrics, internal medicine, oncology, bioinformatics, medical genetics, and prenatal testing, as well as genetic counselors, clinical laboratory geneticists, bioethicists, and fertility specialists. Offers applied approaches empowering a new generation of cytogenomic research using a balanced combination of classical and advanced technologies Provides a framework for interpreting chromosome structure and how this affects the functioning of the genome in health and disease Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Author: Gabriel A. Dover
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Book Description

Author: Clayton Fisher
Publisher: Foster Academics
ISBN: 9781632426970
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
The field of molecular cytogenetics is concerned with the combination of the fields of cytogenetics and molecular biology, to distinguish normal cells from cancer-causing cells. It is a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies of the brain, blood, etc. Novel techniques known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are used for molecular cytogenetic studies. These have DNA labeled with uniquely colored fluorescent tags to image specific regions of the genome. Molecular cytogenetic techniques are crucial for the understanding of the structural and functional organization of the nucleus and the chromosome, genome variation, gene expression and evolution. These also give insight into the contribution of genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities to tumor genetics and medical genetics. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of molecular cytogenetics. It is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Author: Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036501568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Book Description
Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation.

Author: Marcelo B. Cioffi
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN: 9783318025286
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Fish exhibit the greatest diversity of all vertebrates, making this group extremely attractive for the study of a number of evolutionary questions. Besides, fish genomes have intrinsic characteristics that may be responsible for this amazing diversity, but little is known about their structure and organization. Major advances in chromosomal studies were achieved in the current 'molecular cytogenetic era' based on detecting DNA sequences on chromosomes, parts of chromosomes or even whole genomic DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In this issue, a collection of review articles is presented together with current research results, demonstrating the advances made using this specific methodology in fish research. The contributions provide a timely update on recent developments in fish molecular cytogenetics, covering topics such as karyotype evolution, sex and B chromosomes, polyploids, and molecular evolution. Researchers, teachers, and students interested in the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of fish genomes will find this publication a valuable source of current knowledge.

Author: Dhavendra Kumar
Publisher: Oxford Monographs on Medical G
ISBN: 019989602X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 853

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Book Description
Preceded by Genomics and clinical medicine / edited by Dhavendra Kumar. [First edition]. 2008.