Current Primary Production Rates of the Western Arctic Ocean Estimated by Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Tracers PDF Download
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Author: Sang Heon Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
"Currently, the environments in the Arctic are rapidly changing. These changes of climate and ice conditions may alter the quantity, quality, and timing of production of ice algae and phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. The objectives in this study were to detect any change in the carbon production between current and previous studies and lay the groundwork for the future monitoring of ecosystem response to climate change in the different regions of the western Arctic Ocean. As an arctic ocean mostly covered by multi or first-year ice, the deep Canada Basin had generally low photosynthetic rates and the maximum rates were found between 50 and 60 m in the basin. Based on the percentage of ice cover, the annual production ranged from 3 to 7.5 g C m−2 in the basin. Nutrients appear to be a main limiting factor at the surface, whereas the phytoplankton activity might be limited by the low light in the Chl a-max layer. At the surface below the ice, photosynthetic activity might be controlled by both low light and nutrients. Studies of ice algae and phytoplankton at the first-year sea ice of Barrow in Alaska showed that bottom sea ice algae and phytoplankton are limited mainly by light. Therefore, the current downward trend of sea ice thickness and extent in the Arctic Ocean might cause an increase in primary production or/and change in timing of the production. In addition, the composition in macromolecules of primary producers might be changed under the current ice conditions and thus nutritional status of higher trophic levels might be altered. As shallow shelf regions, Bering Strait/Chukchi Sea showed that the range of nitrate in the central Chukchi Sea was rather higher whereas the biomass of phytoplankton was lower in this study than in previous studies. Consistently, the mean carbon and nitrogen productivities from this study were almost half of values from previous studies. In conclusion, it appears that lower phytoplankton biomass in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea resulted in the lower carbon and nitrogen uptake rates and consequently more unused nitrate in the regions"--Leaf iii.
Author: Sang Heon Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
"Currently, the environments in the Arctic are rapidly changing. These changes of climate and ice conditions may alter the quantity, quality, and timing of production of ice algae and phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. The objectives in this study were to detect any change in the carbon production between current and previous studies and lay the groundwork for the future monitoring of ecosystem response to climate change in the different regions of the western Arctic Ocean. As an arctic ocean mostly covered by multi or first-year ice, the deep Canada Basin had generally low photosynthetic rates and the maximum rates were found between 50 and 60 m in the basin. Based on the percentage of ice cover, the annual production ranged from 3 to 7.5 g C m−2 in the basin. Nutrients appear to be a main limiting factor at the surface, whereas the phytoplankton activity might be limited by the low light in the Chl a-max layer. At the surface below the ice, photosynthetic activity might be controlled by both low light and nutrients. Studies of ice algae and phytoplankton at the first-year sea ice of Barrow in Alaska showed that bottom sea ice algae and phytoplankton are limited mainly by light. Therefore, the current downward trend of sea ice thickness and extent in the Arctic Ocean might cause an increase in primary production or/and change in timing of the production. In addition, the composition in macromolecules of primary producers might be changed under the current ice conditions and thus nutritional status of higher trophic levels might be altered. As shallow shelf regions, Bering Strait/Chukchi Sea showed that the range of nitrate in the central Chukchi Sea was rather higher whereas the biomass of phytoplankton was lower in this study than in previous studies. Consistently, the mean carbon and nitrogen productivities from this study were almost half of values from previous studies. In conclusion, it appears that lower phytoplankton biomass in Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea resulted in the lower carbon and nitrogen uptake rates and consequently more unused nitrate in the regions"--Leaf iii.
Author: Rüdiger Stein Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540011538 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
With the exception of the Arctic Ocean, much is already known about the carbon budget of the other oceans. The editors present an overview of organic-carbon sources, pathways and burial of the carbon at the circum-Arctic continental margin and deep sea regions for the Arctic Ocean.
Author: J.G. Jones Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780306455599 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
Volume 15 covers such topical matter as the effects of ultraviolet radiation on phytoplankton and the ecology and biogeochemistry of in situ groundwater bioremediation.
Author: Andrea Kelsey Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Analyzing stable isotope values from the tissues of marine consumers is useful for reconstructing animal trophic ecology and movement patterns. However, interpretation of isotopic values from predators can be confounded by variability in the stable isotope values of their prey species, which differ spatially and temporally. Some factors affecting stable isotope values include environmental conditions, nitrogen cycling, primary production at the base of the food web, and trophic interactions. Understanding the potential for isotopic variation in common prey species for top predators is necessary for the best use of stable isotope analysis in marine systems and for tracing energy through food webs. In this study, I measured the stable carbon ([delta]13C) and nitrogen ([delta]15N) isotope values in muscle tissue from common mid-trophic level fish and squid species in the eastern Bering Sea over two years to compare values across years and size/age classes. I found interannual changes in the [delta]15N and [delta]13C values between 2014 and 2016 in atka mackerel, Pacific herring, sockeye salmon, squid, and walleye pollock, and variation in the [delta]13C and [delta]15N values across age/size classes in Pacific herring, sockeye salmon, and walleye pollock. I compared my data to those collected from the same size class fish in the Bering Sea in 1997 and found increases in the [delta]15N and decreases in the [delta]13C values consistent with expectations from higher ocean temperatures in 2016 and continued increased inputs of anthropogenic, isotopically light carbon.
Author: Brian Fry Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387337458 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.
Author: Brenda Y. Ji Publisher: ISBN: Category : Arctic Ocean Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Oceans account for more than 25% of anthropogenic CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Changes in our global climate have affected the Arctic Ocean in particular, resulting in increasing rates of warming and record-low sea ice extent, which for example, in the summer of 2012, was only half of the average over the previous three decades. It is unclear how these changes in the Arctic Ocean may affect biological productivity, which is one of the main drivers of the oceanic carbon cycle as CO2 is consumed through photosynthesis and released through respiration. In order to investigate how these changes may influence the efficacy of the Arctic Ocean as a carbon sink, we calculated the gross oxygen production (GOP), which is the rate of total photosynthesis, and the net community production (NCP), which is the rate of photosynthesis minus community respiration and thus represents the strength of the carbon sink. The chemical gas tracers, triple oxygen isotopes and O2/Ar ratios, as measured in samples from the surface waters of the Beaufort Gyre region of the Canada Basin, were used to quantify gross oxygen production and net community production, respectively, in late summer and early fall over six years (2011-2016). We examined the effects of location, ice cover, chlorophyll-a, season, and more to better understand the collective impact of these physical conditions on biological productivity rates. Over these six years, mean GOP rates ranged from 9.1 ± 1 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 to 4 ± 4 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 and mean NCP rates ranged from 1.1 ± .2 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 to 2.5 ± .2 mmol O2 m−2 d−1. Analyzing inter-annual variations in these rates can enlighten our understanding of how dramatic changes in the global climate may impact the ability of this region in the Arctic Ocean to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Author: Sang Heon Lee
Author: Sang Heon Lee
Author: Donald M. Schell
Author: Rüdiger Stein
Author: 
Author: Peter Michael Kroopnick
Author: J.G. Jones
Author: Andrea Kelsey Liu
Author: Brian Fry
Author: Brenda Y. Ji
Author: Adam Jerold Reed