Author: R. Alexander Bentley Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262036959 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
How culture evolves through algorithms rather than knowledge inherited from ancestors. From our hunter-gatherer days, we humans evolved to be excellent throwers, chewers, and long-distance runners. We are highly social, crave Paleolithic snacks, and display some gendered difference resulting from mate selection. But we now find ourselves binge-viewing, texting while driving, and playing Minecraft. Only the collective acceleration of cultural and technological evolution explains this development. The evolutionary psychology of individuals—the drive for “food and sex”—explains some of our current habits, but our evolutionary success, Alex Bentley and Mike O'Brien explain, lies in our ability to learn cultural know-how and to teach it to the next generation. Today, we are following social media bots as much as we are learning from our ancestors. We are radically changing the way culture evolves. Bentley and O'Brien describe how the transmission of culture has become vast and instantaneous across an Internet of people and devices, after millennia of local ancestral knowledge that evolved slowly. Long-evolved cultural knowledge is aggressively discounted by online algorithms, which prioritize popularity and recency. If children are learning more from Minecraft than from tradition, this is a profound shift in cultural evolution. Bentley and O'Brien examine the broad and shallow model of cultural evolution seen today in the science of networks, prediction markets, and the explosion of digital information. They suggest that in the future, artificial intelligence could be put to work to solve the problem of information overload, learning to integrate concepts over the vast idea space of digitally stored information.
Author: Thomas Edward Dutton Publisher: Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 178
Author: Vesna Mikolič Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1527563421 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
The intensification of contacts between cultures and languages has a major impact on all social spheres today. Multiculturalism and multilingualism are important elements of the local, regional, national and global community. Much of the world’s conflict stems from the contrast between globalization and nationalism, fuelled by religions, racial divisions, traditions and other cultural particularities. Focusing mainly on the situation in Central and South-eastern Europe, this book addresses how cultural identities develop through tourism, education, literature and other social fields, and how language and literature teaching should be planned in this context. It consists of the following sections: Language, Culture and Tourism; Interculturalism, Multilingualism and Approaches to Language Learning; and Culture in Literature and Translation. The volume will be of interest to teachers and researchers of cultural and tourism studies, linguistics and language learning, literary studies and translation, while also addressing wider readers interested in contemporary intercultural society.
Author: Guido Bonsaver Publisher: Italian Perspectives ISBN: 9781781888766 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This collection takes a cross-disciplinary, transnational approach and gathers together essays from a range of subjects including linguistics, film studies, folk music, oral and written narrative, and history, which provide new comparative perspectives on the questions surrounding the mutual influence between Italian and U.S. cultures. The volume also showcases new research - quantitative, interpretative, and archival - which contributes to the study of cultural contact. It therefore offers new evidence to answer a question which has long been pivotal in various disciplines and research fields (from historical linguistics to cultural anthropology) - namely, how and to what extent cultural contact can affect long-term historical change?
Author: Edward Sapir Publisher: ISBN: Category : Language and languages Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Professor Sapir analyzes, for student and common reader, the elements of language. Among these are the units of language, grammatical concepts and their origins, how languages differ and resemble each other, and the history of the growth of representative languages--Cover.
Author: Jean Aitchison Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521795357 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This is a lucid and up-to-date overview of language change. It discusses where our evidence about language change comes from, how and why changes happen, and how languages begin and end. It considers both changes which occurred long ago, and those currently in progress. It does this within the framework of one central question - is language change a symptom of progress or decay? It concludes that language is neither progressing nor decaying, but that an understanding of the factors surrounding change is essential for anyone concerned about language alteration. For this substantially revised third edition, Jean Aitchison has included two new chapters on change of meaning and grammaticalization. Sections on new methods of reconstruction and ongoing chain shifts in Britain and America have also been added as well as over 150 new references. The work remains non-technical in style and accessible to readers with no previous knowledge of linguistics.
Author: Sonia Nieto Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1315465671 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
Distinguished multiculturalist Sonia Nieto speaks directly to current and future teachers in this thoughtful integration of a selection of her key writings with creative pedagogical features. Offering information, insights, and motivation to teach students of diverse cultural, racial, and linguistic backgrounds, examples are included throughout to illustrate real-life dilemmas about diversity that teachers face in their own classrooms; ideas about how language, culture, and teaching are linked; and ways to engage with these ideas through reflection and collaborative inquiry. Designed for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level students and professional development courses, each chapter includes critical questions, classroom activities, and community activities suggesting projects beyond the classroom context. Language, Culture, and Teaching • explores how language and culture are connected to teaching and learning in educational settings; • examines the sociocultural and sociopolitical contexts of language and culture to understand how these contexts may affect student learning and achievement; • analyzes the implications of linguistic and cultural diversity for classroom practices, school reform, and educational equity; • encourages practicing and preservice teachers to reflect critically on their classroom practices, as well as on larger institutional policies related to linguistic and cultural diversity based on the above understandings; and • motivates teachers to understand their ethical and political responsibilities to work, together with their students, colleagues, and families, for more socially just classrooms, schools, and society. Changes in the Third Edition: This edition includes new and updated chapters, section introductions, critical questions, classroom and community activities, and resources, bringing it up-to-date in terms of recent educational policy issues and demographic changes in the U.S. and beyond. The new chapters reflect Nieto’s current thinking about the profession and society, especially about changes in the teaching profession, both positive and negative, since the publication of the second edition of this text.
Author: Michael Shaw Findlay Publisher: Cognella Academic Publishing ISBN: 9781634873352 Category : Anthropological linguistics Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
The book is a survey of language and culture from an anthropological perspective. Students explore everything from the actual definition of language to language acquisition, from theoretical perspectives on language development to applied linguistics.
Author: Karen Risager Publisher: Multilingual Matters ISBN: 1853598585 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
The book presents a new theory of the relationship between language and culture in a transnational and global perspective. The fundamental view is that languages spread across cultures, and cultures spread across languages, or in other words, that linguistic and cultural practices flow through social networks in the world along partially different paths and across national structures and communities.
Author: Andrew J. Strathern Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000184641 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
In this book, Andrew J. Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart delineate the relationship between “language in particular” and “culture in general” by focusing on language as both social practice and a means of classifying and interpreting the world. A traditional linguistic approach to a focus on language is illuminated by their anthropological emphasis on the embodiment of relationships and experience. In the book, the body is placed in the foreground for understanding language in culture, which helps in turn to understand how it enables us to adapt to the world of lived material experience. Written in an accessible style and drawing on an extensive corpus of primary field research from Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Japan, Taiwan, Scotland, and Ireland, Strathern and Stewart present a world anthropology which links together European, North American, and Asia-Pacific approaches to the topic. Students and scholars alike of sociocultual anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and linguistics will benefit from this engaging work on how the various components of our culture are informed and shaped through language.
Author: R. Alexander Bentley
Author: Thomas Edward Dutton
Author: Vesna Mikolič
Author: Guido Bonsaver
Author: Edward Sapir
Author: Jean Aitchison
Author: Sonia Nieto
Author: Michael Shaw Findlay
Author: Karen Risager
Author: Andrew J. Strathern